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de Graaf R, Estler A, Grözinger G. Inferior and Superior Vena Cava Reconstruction. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00270-024-03867-x. [PMID: 39317873 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-024-03867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Obstructions of the superior and inferior vena cava are prevalent etiologies of deep venous obstruction, presenting a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from life-threatening conditions to asymptomatic states. The etiological diversity inherent to these central venous obstructions necessitates a subtle approach to their diagnosis and management. This discrepancy in clinical presentations emphasizes the importance of a differentiated diagnostic and therapeutic strategy, tailored to the specific form of vena cava obstruction encountered. This article aims to delineate the various manifestations of vena cava obstruction and encourages specific diagnostic and treatment pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick de Graaf
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Clinic of Friedrichshafen, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Arne Estler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Gerd Grözinger
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Maleux G, Claus E, Laenen A, Buyck PJ, Claes K, Bonne L, Nackaerts K, Dooms C. Newly Designed, Self-Expanding Large-Bore Nitinol Stents for Symptomatic Central Venous Stenosis: Technical and Long-Term Clinical Outcome. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2024; 47:1200-1209. [PMID: 39134807 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-024-03820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively analyze the technical and long-term clinical outcome of angioplasty and stenting using the Venovo™ venous stent for the treatment of malignant and benign superior vena cava (SVC) occlusive disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive patients treated with the Venovo™ venous stent for SVC occlusive disease were included. SVC obstruction symptoms were classified according to the Kishi score. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for testing significance of changes. Technical success, defined as correct placement of the stent, completely covering and re-expanding the obstruction, between groups was tested using the Fisher exact test. Overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Fifty-five patients underwent stent insertion for symptomatic benign (n = 13; 24%) or malignant (n = 42; 76%) SVC occlusive disease. A significant drop in Kishi score, mean 3.91 before versus mean 1.02 after the procedure (P < 0.0001), was observed. In one patient (1.8%), an additional balloon-expandable stent was needed to manage incomplete expansion of the nitinol stent. In one patient, a procedure-related lung embolic complication was noted. Early thrombotic occlusion of the stent occurred in one patient. Late symptomatic restenosis occurred in 3 patients. Overall primary stent patency and primary-assisted stent patency were 86% (95% CI 66-95) and 97% (95% CI 83-100) at 1-year follow-up and 98% (95% CI 87-100), 98% (87-100) at 2-year follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSION In this retrospective analysis, angioplasty and stent placement using the Venovo™ venous stent is safe and clinically effective for the treatment of both benign and malignant SVC occlusive disease. Reintervention for symptomatic restenosis is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Maleux
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Eveline Claus
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Buyck
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Claes
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lawrence Bonne
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris Nackaerts
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven and BREATHE Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Dooms
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven and BREATHE Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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An TJ, McNamara SL, Ardestani A, Zurkiya O, Cahalane A, Stecker MS, Epelboym Y, Burch E, Desai K, Kalva SP. Safety and Effectiveness of Abre Self-Expanding Venous Stent for Treatment of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2024; 58:617-622. [PMID: 38670555 DOI: 10.1177/15385744241251638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is a constellation of symptoms that results from partial or complete SVC obstruction. Endovascular SVC stenting is an effective treatment for SVC syndrome with rapid clinical efficacy and low risk of complications. In this study, we assess the technical and clinical outcomes of a cohort of patients with SVC syndrome treated with the AbreTM self-expanding venous stent (Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA). METHODS An institutional database was used to retrospectively identify patients with SVC syndrome treated with AbreTM venous self-expanding stent placement between 2021-2023. Patient demographic data, technical outcomes, treatment effectiveness, and adverse events were obtained from the electronic medical record. Nineteen patients (mean age 58.6) were included in the study. Thirteen interventions were performed for malignant compression of the SVC, 5 for central venous catheter-related SVC stenosis, and 1 for HD fistula-related SVC stenosis refractory to angioplasty. RESULTS Primary patency was achieved in 93% of patients (17/19). Two patients (7%) required re-intervention with thrombolysis and angioplasty within 30 days post-stenting. Mean duration of clinical and imaging follow-up were 228.7 ± 52.7 and 258.7 ± 62.1 days, respectively. All patients with clinical follow-up experienced significant improvement in clinical symptoms post-intervention. No stent related complications were identified post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of SVC syndrome with the AbreTM self-expanding venous stent has high rates of technical and clinical success. No complications related to stent placement were identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J An
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie L McNamara
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Ardestani
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omar Zurkiya
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexis Cahalane
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Stecker
- Division of Angiography and Interventional Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Epelboym
- Division of Angiography and Interventional Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ezra Burch
- Division of Angiography and Interventional Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Khanant Desai
- Division of Angiography and Interventional Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjeeva P Kalva
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Lim Choi S, Il Gwon D, Ha Kim G, Won Kim S, Oh CH, Ko GY. Safety and efficacy of large-bore uncovered stents for treating malignant superior vena cava syndrome. Eur J Radiol 2024; 175:111446. [PMID: 38581861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the safety and efficacy of large-bore uncovered stents for treating malignant superior vena cava syndrome. METHODS This retrospective study included 115 patients (89 men, 26 women; mean age 63.2 years; range 21-83 years) who underwent endovascular large-bore (≥18 mm in diameter) uncovered stent placement between August 2015 and July 2022. One patient was lost to follow-up. Therefore, 114 patients were available for follow-up. RESULTS Stent placement was technically successful in all 115 patients. Minor procedure-related complications occurred in nine (7.8 %) patients. One hundred eight (93.9 %) patients experienced complete or marked symptomatic relief (Kishi score ≤ 2) at a mean of 3 days after procedure. The cumulative stent patency rates were 98.2 %, 95 %, 93.7 %, 91.5 %, 83.5 %, and 83.5 % at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively. Stent occlusion occurred in ten (8.8 %) of 114 patients at a mean of 215 days (range 1-732 days) due to thrombosis (n = 7) and tumor ingrowth (n = 3). Stent occlusion did not occur in 21 patients who underwent subsequent central venous catheter insertion. The median patient survival time was 159 days (95 % confidence interval 102-216 days). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed adjuvant anticancer treatment (p = 0.001) and tumor response (p < 0.001) as independent predictors of patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Endovascular placement of large-bore uncovered stents was a safe and effective treatment for malignant superior vena cava syndrome. Large-bore stent placement can effectively prevent stent occlusion by tumor ingrowth in most cases, and it can provide a sufficient diameter for subsequent insertion of central venous catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Lim Choi
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Korea
| | - Dong Il Gwon
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Gun Ha Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, Youngin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Youngin, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Oh
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Young Ko
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wright K, Digby GC, Gyawali B, Jad R, Menard A, Moraes FY, Wijeratne DT. Malignant Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: A Scoping Review. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:1268-1276. [PMID: 37146753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a clinical problem that results from the obstruction of blood flow in the superior vena cava by an underlying malignancy. This may occur due to external compression, neoplastic invasion of the vessel wall, or internal obstruction with bland or tumor thrombus. Although symptoms are typically mild, SVCS can cause neurologic, hemodynamic, and respiratory compromise. Classic management options include supportive measures, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and endovascular stenting. New targeted therapeutics and techniques have also recently been developed, which may have a role in management. Nevertheless, few evidence-based guidelines exist to guide treatment of malignant SVCS, and these recommendations are typically restricted to individual disease sites. Furthermore, there are no recent systematic literature reviews that address this question. Here, we present a theoretical case to frame this clinical problem and synthesize updated evidence published in the past decade relating to the management of malignant SVCS through a comprehensive literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Wright
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Geneviève C Digby
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Division of Respirology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bishal Gyawali
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reem Jad
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre Menard
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fabio Y Moraes
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Don Thiwanka Wijeratne
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Public Health, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Division of General Internal Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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SEN I, KALRA M, GLOVICZKI P. Interventions for superior vena cava syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2022; 63:674-681. [DOI: 10.23736/s0021-9509.22.12448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Aung EYS, Khan M, Williams N, Raja U, Hamady M. Endovascular Stenting in Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2022; 45:1236-1254. [PMID: 35821122 PMCID: PMC9458578 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-022-03178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endovascular stenting has been used to manage superior vena cava syndrome for several decades and has become standard firstline practice. This study aims to investigate the outcomes of endovascular stenting in the management of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE and PUBMED online databases were searched, with studies involving more than ten adult patients included. Studies identified spanned 27 years, from 1993 to 2020. Meta-analyses were performed based on Clopper-Pearson estimation. RESULTS Fifty-four studies were identified, for a total of 2249 patients, of which 2015 had malignant SVCS and 222 benign SVCS. Pooled technical success and clinical success rates were 96.8% (95% CI 96.0-97.5%) and 92.8% (95% CI 91.7-93.8%). Technical success and clinical success rates for studies investigating benign SVCS alone were identical at 88.8% (95% CI 83.0-93.1%). Pooled patency remained above 90% for the first year. Average complication and re-intervention rates were 5.78% (SD = 9.3182) and 9.11% (SD = 11.190). CONCLUSIONS This review confirms the effectiveness of endovascular stenting in managing SVCS. Further directions of research may include specific outcomes of endovascular stenting in benign SVCS, and the impact of procedural characteristics, such as the use of anticoagulation and type of stent used, on outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, systematic review of retrospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Yin-Soe Aung
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College Road, London, SW72DD UK
| | - Maha Khan
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College Road, London, SW72DD UK
| | - Norman Williams
- Surgical and Interventional Trials Unit (SITU), University College London, London, W1W 7JN UK
| | - Usman Raja
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK
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Rêgo Salgueiro F, Vieira I, Gomes I, Petrova M. Primary angiosarcoma of superior vena cava: an unexpected diagnosis after an oncological emergency. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/4/e241266. [PMID: 33863773 PMCID: PMC8055115 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-241266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare malignant tumour representing 1%-2% of all sarcomas. Primary AS of superior vena cava (SVC) was reported in two cases worldwide. We report a 69-year-old woman with neck discomfort, headache and dyspnoea for 3 months. CT angiography showed thrombosis in SVC and brachiocephalic veins resulting in an SVC syndrome. The patient began anticoagulant therapy and underwent balloon angioplasty with clinical improvement. Additionally, a positron emission tomography scan confirmed the presence of a mediastinal mass involving the SVC locally. The tumour was excised and a prosthesis was placed on the SVC. Histology revealed a heterogeneous tumour matrix, either myxoid and composed by fusiform cells with vimentin, homogeneous CD31 and a 30% Ki67 immunoexpression, supporting the diagnosis of an AS. Due to multiple complications, the patient never started chemotherapy, and after tumour recurrence, she died within 5 months after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Rêgo Salgueiro
- Medical Oncology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Coimbra Francisco Gentil EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Vieira
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Gomes
- Medical Oncology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Coimbra Francisco Gentil EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maja Petrova
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
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Percutaneous transluminal stenting for superior vena cava syndrome caused by malignant tumors: a single-center retrospective study. J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 16:39. [PMID: 33743767 PMCID: PMC7981896 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-021-01418-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous stent placement in the treatment of superior vena cava syndrome caused by malignant tumors. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 32 patients with superior vena cava syndrome who underwent percutaneous endovascular stent treatment in our department from 2015 to 2019 due to malignant tumors and summarized the patient’s sex, age, tumor type, endovascular treatment plan, complications and postoperative follow-up. Results All patients successfully underwent percutaneous intraluminal stent placement with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Thirty-seven endovascular stents were implanted in 32 patients, including 21 Eluminexx stents, 12 Wallstent stents and 4 covered stents. The technical success rate was 100%, and there were no serious surgery-related complications. The remission rate of clinical symptoms was 53.1% (17/32) at 24 h and 84.4% (27/32) at 48 h. After 48 h, the symptoms of the remaining patients were slowly relieved, and the symptom relief rate was 100% at 7 days. The follow-up period was 1.5–24 months, with an average follow-up period of 6.5 months. During the follow-up, 3 patients had restenosis and 1 patient had secondary thrombosis in the stent. Their symptoms were relieved after the second treatment. Conclusion For superior vena cava syndrome caused by malignant tumors, percutaneous endoluminal stent therapy can quickly and effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of patients, and the incidence of complications is low.
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Matthaiou N, Galanakis N, Kehagias E, Kontopodis N, Charalambous S, Kholcheva N, Tsetis K, Mavroudis D, Tsetis D. Endovascular Treatment of Malignant Superior Vena Cava Syndrome through Upper-Limb Access: A Comparison between Venous-Dedicated and Conventional Stents. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020; 31:2066-2072. [PMID: 33127247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively evaluate the technical and clinical outcomes of superior vena cava (SVC) stent placement through upper-limb venous access in malignant SVC syndrome (SVCS) and compare the efficacy of different nitinol stent types. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 2006 and 2018, 156 patients (132 male; mean age, 62 y; age range, 33-81 y) underwent SVC stent placement for malignant obstructions through upper-limb venous access with 1 of 3 types of nitinol stent: 1 venous-dedicated (Sinus-XL stent) and 2 non-venous-dedicated (E-Luminexx Vascular Stent and Protégé GPS). Cases of common femoral vein access or non-nitinol stents were excluded from further analysis. The mean duration of follow-up was 8 mo. RESULTS Technical success was achieved in 99.3% of cases. One patient died during the procedure as a result of cardiac tamponade. Balloon predilation was performed in 10 patients and postdilation in 126. Mean procedural time was 34.4 min (range, 18-80 min). Overall survival rates were 92.3%, 57.3%, and 26.8%, and overall primary patency rates were 94.5%, 84.8% and 79.6%, at 1, 6, and 12 mo, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in primary patency rates between venous- and non-venous-dedicated stents or among different Stanford SVCS grading groups (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS SVC stent placement through an upper-limb approach is a safe, fast, and effective technique. There is no evident benefit of venous-dedicated vs non-venous-dedicated stents in the treatment of malignant SVCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Matthaiou
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Galanakis
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elias Kehagias
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kontopodis
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stavros Charalambous
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nelly Kholcheva
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsetis
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsetis
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
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Ierardi AM, Jannone ML, Petrillo M, Brambillasca PM, Fumarola EM, Angileri SA, Crippa M, Carrafiello G. Treatment of venous stenosis in oncologic patients. Future Oncol 2018; 14:2933-2943. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic obstruction related to malignant involvement of large veins may occur in central veins both in the thoracic and pelvic regions, and in the abdominal region of the body. Both cases represent a therapeutic challenge, and endovascular revascularization, consisting of angioplasty and stent placement, is safe and effective. Superior vena cava stenting has become widespread in the management of occlusive venous disease. The percutaneous placement of large expandable metal stents allows rapid restoration of normal blood flow in the majority of patients, thus improving symptoms. Published data on the diagnosis and treatment of symptomatic cancer-related iliocaval obstructions are limited and mainly consist of case reports and small case series. The present review reports the current state of endovascular treatment for both superior vena cava occlusion and iliac compression syndrome in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Ierardi
- Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Jannone
- Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Petrillo
- Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Maria Brambillasca
- Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Fumarola
- Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Alessio Angileri
- Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Crippa
- Surgery Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Carrafiello
- Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Para-Axial Central Venous Stent Placement in Patients with Malignant Central Venous Obstruction with a Venous Port. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018; 29:1567-1570. [PMID: 30293728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors performed a para-axial central venous stent (p-CVS) placement in 38 patients and implanted the stent without having to remove the functioning port. No difficulties were experienced in catheter function with p-CVS. In-stent stenosis was seen in 6 of 24 patients in the p-CVS group and in 6 of 18 patients in the intrastent venous stent placement group (P = .333). No complications occurred in any patient with p-CVS when the venous port was removed. Thus, p-CVS can be an alternative way to insert a CVS in patients who already have a functioning venous port.
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Anton S, Oechtering T, Stahlberg E, Jacob F, Kleemann M, Barkhausen J, Goltz JP. Endovascular stent-based revascularization of malignant superior vena cava syndrome with concomitant implantation of a port device using a dual venous approach. Support Care Cancer 2017; 26:1881-1888. [PMID: 29274029 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this paper is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular revascularization of malignant superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) and simultaneous implantation of a totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) using a dual venous approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospectively, 31 patients (mean age 67 ± 8 years) with malignant CVO who had undergone revascularization by implantation of a self-expanding stent into the superior vena cava (SVC) (Sinus XL®, OptiMed, Germany; n = 11 [Group1] and Protégé ™ EverFlex, Covidien, Ireland; n = 20 [Group 2]) via a transfemoral access were identified. Simultaneously, percutaneous access via a subclavian vein was used to (a) probe the lesion from above, (b) facilitate a through-and-through maneuver, and (c) implant a TIVAP. Primary endpoints with regard to the SVC syndrome were technical (residual stenosis < 30%) and clinical (relief of symptoms) success; with regard to TIVAP implantation technical success was defined as positioning of the functional catheter within the SVC. Secondary endpoints were complications as well as stent and TIVAP patency. RESULTS Technical and clinical success rate were 100% for revascularization of the SVS and 100% for implantation of the TIVAP. One access site hematoma (minor complication, day 2) and one port-catheter-associated sepsis (major complication, day 18) were identified. Mean catheter days were 313 ± 370 days. Mean imaging follow-up was 184 ± 172 days. Estimated patency rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 100% in Group 1 and 84, 84, and 56% in Group 2 (p = 0.338). CONCLUSION Stent-based revascularization of malignant SVCS with concomitant implantation of a port device using a dual venous approach appears to be safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Anton
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - T Oechtering
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - E Stahlberg
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - F Jacob
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Kleemann
- Clinic for Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J Barkhausen
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J P Goltz
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
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15
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Calsina Juscafresa L, Gil Bazo I, Grochowicz L, Páramo Alfaro M, López-Picazo González JM, Moreno Jiménez M, Bilbao Jaureguizar JI. Endovascular treatment of malignant superior vena cava syndrome secondary to lung cancer. Hosp Pract (1995) 2017; 45:70-75. [PMID: 28618844 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2017.1342507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Superior Vena Cava obstruction results in severe oedema of the upper thorax. Endovascular treatment allows a rapid restoration of the blood flow with a rapid resolution of symptoms. We retrospectively report a single institution's experience in stent placement for malignant Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS) caused by lung cancer. METHODS Thirty-three consecutive patients (23 men, 10 women; median age, 57.6 years; range 34-71 years) who underwent endovascular SVCS palliative treatment were enrolled between August 2002 and June 2015. All patients presented SVCS secondary to lung cancer. Signs and symptoms of SVCS were scored. RESULTS All procedures were successfully completed (100% technical success rate). Twenty-eight patients showed a progressive clinical improvement after endovascular treatment of SVCS (84.8% clinical success rate) within 48 hours, there were five clinical failures which improved progressively with posterior radiotherapy. During follow-up, three patients (9%) suffered intra or post-procedural complications (1 cardiac arrhythmia, 2 stent thrombosis). CONCLUSIONS Stent placement in malignant SVCS seems to be an effective and rapid treatment for the relief of symptoms and quality of life improvement with a relatively low complications rate with a rapid resolution of symptoms. Therefore, it should be seriously considered as the first option in the SVC obstruction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lukasz Grochowicz
- a Vascular Surgery , Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - María Páramo Alfaro
- c Interventional Radiology , Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
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16
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Clark K, Chick JFB, Reddy SN, Shin BJ, Nadolski GJ, Clark TW, Trerotola SO. Concurrent Central Venous Stent and Central Venous Access Device Placement Does Not Compromise Stent Patency or Catheter Function in Patients with Malignant Central Venous Obstruction. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017; 28:602-607. [PMID: 28238580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if concurrent placement of a central venous stent (CVS) and central venous access device (CVAD) compromises stent patency or catheter function in patients with malignant central venous obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS CVS placement for symptomatic stenosis resulting from malignant compression was performed in 33 consecutive patients who were identified retrospectively over a 10-year period; 28 (85%) patients had superior vena cava syndrome, and 5 (15%) had arm swelling. Of patients, 11 (33%) underwent concurrent CVS and CVAD placement, exchange, or repositioning; 22 (67%) underwent CVS deployment alone and served as the control group. Types of CVADs ranged from 5-F to 9.5-F catheters. Endpoints were CVS patency as determined by clinical symptoms or CT and CVAD function, which was determined by clinical performance. RESULTS All procedures were technically successful. There was no difference between the 2 groups in clinically symptomatic CVS occlusion (P = .2) or asymptomatic in-stent stenosis detected on CT (P = .5). None of the patients in the CVS and CVAD group had recurrent clinical symptoms, but 3 (30%) of 10 patients with imaging follow-up had asymptomatic in-stent stenosis. In the control group, 3 (14%) patients had clinically symptomatic CVS occlusion and required stent revision, whereas 4 (21%) of 19 patients with imaging follow-up had asymptomatic in-stent stenosis. During the study, 2 (20%) functional but radiographically malpositioned catheters were identified (0.66 per 1,000 catheter days). CONCLUSIONS Presence of a CVAD through a CVS may not compromise stent patency or catheter function compared with CVS placement alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Clark
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jeffrey Forris Beecham Chick
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shilpa N Reddy
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Radiology Associates of the Main Line, Main Line Health System, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin J Shin
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Gregory J Nadolski
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Timothy W Clark
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Scott O Trerotola
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
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17
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Liu X, Zhang S, Li J. [Progress on the Therapeutic Approaches for Malignant Tumor
with Superior Vena Cava Syndrome]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2016; 19:784-788. [PMID: 27866523 PMCID: PMC5999642 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2016.11.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
上腔静脉综合症(superior vena cava syndrome, SVCS)作为胸部恶性肿瘤严重的并发症之一,患者生存期短、生活质量差,大部分采用姑息治疗,随着多学科的发展与治疗技术的进步,越来越多的专家采用各种治疗方式,明显改善了患者的预后,本文对病因表现进行简单归纳,并从内科治疗、介入治疗、放射治疗、外科手术治疗以及质子治疗等几个方面对目前较新的治疗方式进行综述。
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
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18
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The Role of Interventional Oncology in the Management of Lung Cancer. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2016; 40:153-165. [PMID: 27815575 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-016-1495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interventional radiological procedures for diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer have become increasingly important. Imaging-guided percutaneous biopsy has become the modality of choice for diagnosing lung cancer, and in the era of target therapies, it is an useful tool to define earlier patient-specific tumor phenotypes. In functionally inoperable patients, especially the ablative procedures are potentially curative alternatives to surgery. In addition to thermally ablative treatment, selective chemoembolization by a vascular access allows localized therapy. These treatments are considered for patients in a reduced general condition which does not allow systemic chemotherapy. The present article reviews the role of interventional oncology in the management of primary lung cancer, focusing on the state of the art for each procedure.
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19
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Maleux G, Vertenten B, Laenen A, De Wever L, Heye S, Clement P, Oyen R. Palliative endovascular treatment of cancer-related iliocaval obstructive disease: technical and clinical outcomes. Acta Radiol 2016; 57:451-6. [PMID: 25907119 DOI: 10.1177/0284185115582059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related obstruction of large abdominal and pelvic veins might become symptomatic with clinical signs of lower limb venous congestion. Technical and clinical outcome after interventional treatment is not well studied yet. PURPOSE To retrospectively assess the technical and clinical outcome of endovascular management of symptomatic cancer-related iliocaval venous obstructive disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 1998 to 2013, 19 patients (15 men, 4 women; mean age, 63.6 years) referred for interventional treatment of cancer-related iliocaval obstructive disease were identified. Patients' symptoms included unilateral (n = 16; 84%) or bilateral (n = 3; 16%) painful swelling of the lower limbs. Patients' demographics as well as interventional and clinical outcome data were collected. RESULTS All 19 patients underwent, under local anesthesia, stenting of the iliac vein (n = 16; 84%) or inferior vena cava (n = 3; 16%). Immediate technical success (n = 19) was 100%; immediate clinical success (n = 18) was 94.7%. During follow-up, seven patients (36.8%) presented with recurrent symptoms of painful limb swelling. Estimated survival after 3 and 6 months was 68.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.8-82.3%) and 19.8% (95% CI, 11.9-29.2%), respectively. CONCLUSION Endovascular stenting of cancer-related iliocaval venous obstructive disease is safe and results in immediate relief of symptoms. However, recurrent venous obstruction is common. At 3 months follow-up, the majority of patients with iliac vein stenting were still alive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Maleux
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven – Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Vertenten
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven – Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, KU Leuven and Universiteit Hasselt, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth De Wever
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven – Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Heye
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven – Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Clement
- Department of General Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raymond Oyen
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven – Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Straka C, Ying J, Kong FM, Willey CD, Kaminski J, Kim DWN. Review of evolving etiologies, implications and treatment strategies for the superior vena cava syndrome. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:229. [PMID: 27026923 PMCID: PMC4771672 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a relatively common sequela of mediastinal malignancies and may cause significant patient distress. SVCS is a medical emergency if associated with laryngeal or cerebral edema. The etiologies and management of SVCS have evolved over time. Non-malignant SVCS is typically caused by infectious etiologies or by thrombus in the superior vena cava and can be managed with antibiotics or anti-coagulation therapy, respectively. Radiation therapy (RT) has long been a mainstay of treatment of malignant SVCS. Chemotherapy has also been used to manage SVCS. In the past 20 years, percutaneous stenting of the superior vena cava has emerged as a viable option for SVCS symptom palliation. RT and chemotherapy are still the only modalities that can provide curative treatment for underlying malignant etiologies of SVCS. The first experiences with treating SVCS with RT were reported in the 1970’s, and several advances in RT delivery have subsequently occurred. Hypo-fractionated RT has the potential to be a more convenient therapy for patients and may provide equal or superior control of underlying malignancies. RT may be combined with stenting and/or chemotherapy to provide both immediate symptom palliation and long-term disease control. Clinicians should tailor therapy on a case-by-case basis. Multi-disciplinary care will maximize treatment expediency and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Straka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5801 Forest Park Rd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - James Ying
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5801 Forest Park Rd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Feng-Ming Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, GRU Cancer Center and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Christopher D Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Joseph Kaminski
- Dattoli Cancer Center, 2803 Fruitville Rd, Sarasota, FL 34237 USA
| | - D W Nathan Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Texas Oncology, 1700 W. Highway 6, Waco, TX 76712 USA
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21
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Mokry T, Bellemann N, Sommer CM, Heussel CP, Bozorgmehr F, Gnutzmann D, Kortes NA, Kauczor HU, Radeleff B, Stampfl U. Retrospective study in 23 patients of the self-expanding sinus-XL stent for treatment of malignant superior vena cava obstruction caused by non-small cell lung cancer. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 26:357-65. [PMID: 25638748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate retrospectively the self-expanding nitinol Sinus-XL stent (OptiMed, Ettlingen, Germany) for the treatment of superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction caused by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between October 2009 and December 2012, 23 patients (7 women and 16 men; age, 62.5 y ± 8.5) with stage IIIA (1 patient), IIIB (4 patients) or IV (18 patients) NSCLC and acute SVC obstruction were scheduled for urgent stent implantation. The primary study endpoints were technical success (defined as accurate stent placement with complete coverage of the obstructed SVC), residual stenosis < 30%, and clinical efficacy. Complications were assessed as a secondary study endpoint. RESULTS There were 26 stents implanted in 23 patients. The technical success was 100%. Stent dilation was performed after deployment in 18 cases (78%). Stent migration into the right atrium occurred immediately after deployment in one patient; however, this stent was successfully repositioned and stabilized by a second stent. The clinical symptoms improved at least one category according to the International Consensus Committee on Chronic Venous Disease after stent implantation in all but one patient. The mean clinical follow-up was 66 days ± 83 (range, 1-305 d). Three minor complications (13%) and one major complication (4%) occurred. CONCLUSIONS Implantation of the self-expanding Sinus-XL stent for treatment of SVC obstruction caused by NSCLC is a safe and effective urgent treatment in this palliative setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Mokry
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nadine Bellemann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof M Sommer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus P Heussel
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Farastuk Bozorgmehr
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxlinik University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Gnutzmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolas A Kortes
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans U Kauczor
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Boris Radeleff
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Stampfl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Andersen PE, Duvnjak S. Palliative treatment of superior vena cava syndrome with nitinol stents. Int J Angiol 2014; 23:255-62. [PMID: 25484557 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1383432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the outcomes following nitinol stent placement for malignant superior vena cava syndrome. A total of 25 patients with thoracic malignancies were treated with self-expanding nitinol stents for superior vena cava syndrome (E*Luminexx [Bard GmbH/Angiomed, Karlsruhe, Germany], Sinus-XL [OptiMed Medizinische Instrumente GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany], and Zilver Vena [Cook Medical Inc., Bloomington, IN]). It was seen that the procedural success rate was 76% with all stents deployed as intended and no procedure-related complications but in five patients with 50% residual stenosis and one patient with stent occlusion within 48 hours after stent deployment. Stent occlusion occurred in further two patients during follow-up: one patient developed infection, thrombosis, and occlusion in the stent seen at 2-month follow-up, and one patient had stent occlusion at 4-month follow-up. The clinical success rate was 96%. Stent compression leading to a greater than 50% reduction in stent diameter was observed in three patients at follow-up. Overall 22 patients died at a mean follow-up of 3.5 months for reasons related to their underlying malignancy. It was concluded that the stent treatment for superior vena cava syndrome is a safe treatment with good clinical effect in patients with superior vena cava syndrome in the terminal phase of malignant disease. In this small patient population, no trends were observed which would suggest that outcomes vary by stent type, though additional, large-scale studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Erik Andersen
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Section, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Stevo Duvnjak
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Section, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
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