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AlRasheed MM. Genetics of Cardiac Tumours: A Narrative Review. Heart Lung Circ 2024; 33:639-647. [PMID: 38161083 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac tumours can occur in association with genetic syndromes. Rhabdomyomas have been reported in association with tuberous sclerosis, myxomas with Carney's complex, cardiac fibromas with Gorlin syndrome, and paragangliomas with multiple endocrine neoplasm syndrome. The presentation and prognosis of cardiac tumours associated with genetic syndromes differ compared with sporadic cases. Knowledge about the associated syndromes' genetic features and extracardiac manifestations is essential for the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of cardiac neoplasms. Moreover, identifying genetic mutations in benign and malignant cardiac tumours is needed to personalise management and improve treatment outcomes. Thus, this review discusses the genetic abnormalities associated with cardiac tumours, the current genetic screening recommendations, and the effect of those genetic mutations on the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M AlRasheed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Medina Perez M, Lichtenberger JP, Huppmann AR, Gomez M, Ramirez Suarez KI, Foran A, Vaiyani D, White AM, Biko DM. Cardiac and Pericardial Neoplasms in Children: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation. Radiographics 2023; 43:e230010. [PMID: 37561644 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Primary cardiac and pericardial neoplasms are rare in the pediatric population and can include both benign and malignant lesions. Rhabdomyomas, teratomas, fibromas, and hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors. The most common primary cardiac malignancies are soft-tissue sarcomas, including undifferentiated sarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, and fibrosarcomas. However, metastatic lesions are more common than primary cardiac neoplasms. Children with primary cardiac and pericardial tumors may present with nonspecific cardiovascular symptoms, and their clinical presentation may mimic that of more common nonneoplastic cardiac disease. The diagnosis of cardiac tumors has recently been facilitated using noninvasive cardiac imaging. Echocardiography is generally the first-line modality for evaluation. Cardiac MRI and CT are used for tissue characterization and evaluation of tumor size, extension, and physiologic effect. The varied imaging appearances of primary cardiac neoplasms can be explained by their underlying abnormality. Treatment of these lesions varies from conservative management, with spontaneous regression of some lesions such as rhabdomyomas, to surgical resection, particularly in patients with associated heart failure. With adequate imaging techniques and knowledge of the pathologic basis of the neoplasm, it is often possible to differentiate benign from malignant tumors, which can greatly affect adequate and timely treatment. ©RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available through the Online Learning Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangeles Medina Perez
- From the Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (M.M.P.); Sections of Thoracic Radiology (J.P.L.) and Pediatric Radiology (D.M.B.), American College of Radiology Institute of Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md; Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.P.L.); Department of Pathology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC (A.R.H.); Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (M.G.); and Department of Radiology (K.I.R.S., A.F., A.M.W., D.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (D.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - John P Lichtenberger
- From the Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (M.M.P.); Sections of Thoracic Radiology (J.P.L.) and Pediatric Radiology (D.M.B.), American College of Radiology Institute of Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md; Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.P.L.); Department of Pathology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC (A.R.H.); Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (M.G.); and Department of Radiology (K.I.R.S., A.F., A.M.W., D.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (D.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - Alison R Huppmann
- From the Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (M.M.P.); Sections of Thoracic Radiology (J.P.L.) and Pediatric Radiology (D.M.B.), American College of Radiology Institute of Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md; Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.P.L.); Department of Pathology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC (A.R.H.); Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (M.G.); and Department of Radiology (K.I.R.S., A.F., A.M.W., D.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (D.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - Mariangela Gomez
- From the Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (M.M.P.); Sections of Thoracic Radiology (J.P.L.) and Pediatric Radiology (D.M.B.), American College of Radiology Institute of Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md; Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.P.L.); Department of Pathology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC (A.R.H.); Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (M.G.); and Department of Radiology (K.I.R.S., A.F., A.M.W., D.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (D.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - Karen I Ramirez Suarez
- From the Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (M.M.P.); Sections of Thoracic Radiology (J.P.L.) and Pediatric Radiology (D.M.B.), American College of Radiology Institute of Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md; Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.P.L.); Department of Pathology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC (A.R.H.); Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (M.G.); and Department of Radiology (K.I.R.S., A.F., A.M.W., D.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (D.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - Ann Foran
- From the Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (M.M.P.); Sections of Thoracic Radiology (J.P.L.) and Pediatric Radiology (D.M.B.), American College of Radiology Institute of Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md; Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.P.L.); Department of Pathology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC (A.R.H.); Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (M.G.); and Department of Radiology (K.I.R.S., A.F., A.M.W., D.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (D.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - Danish Vaiyani
- From the Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (M.M.P.); Sections of Thoracic Radiology (J.P.L.) and Pediatric Radiology (D.M.B.), American College of Radiology Institute of Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md; Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.P.L.); Department of Pathology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC (A.R.H.); Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (M.G.); and Department of Radiology (K.I.R.S., A.F., A.M.W., D.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (D.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - Ammie M White
- From the Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (M.M.P.); Sections of Thoracic Radiology (J.P.L.) and Pediatric Radiology (D.M.B.), American College of Radiology Institute of Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md; Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.P.L.); Department of Pathology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC (A.R.H.); Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (M.G.); and Department of Radiology (K.I.R.S., A.F., A.M.W., D.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (D.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - David M Biko
- From the Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (M.M.P.); Sections of Thoracic Radiology (J.P.L.) and Pediatric Radiology (D.M.B.), American College of Radiology Institute of Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md; Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.P.L.); Department of Pathology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC (A.R.H.); Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (M.G.); and Department of Radiology (K.I.R.S., A.F., A.M.W., D.M.B.) and Division of Cardiology (D.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn
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3
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Inserra MC, Cannizzaro MT, Passaniti G, Celona A, Secinaro A, Curione D, D'Angelo T, Garretto O, Romeo P. MR imaging of primary benign cardiac tumors in the pediatric population. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19932. [PMID: 37809686 PMCID: PMC10559362 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cardiac tumors are rare in all ages, especially in children, with a reported prevalence range of 0.0017-0.28% in autopsy series. Due to their rarity, the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways reserved to them are usually described by single case reports, leading to the point where a common diagnostic protocol is imperative to obtain a differential diagnosis. The first diagnostic approach is done with transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), due to its wide availability, low cost, absence of ionizing radiations and non-invasiveness. Several tumors are discovered incidentally and, in many cases, TTE is helpful to determine location, size and anatomical features, playing a key role in the differential diagnosis. In the last few years, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has had an increased role in the diagnostic pathway of pediatric cardiac masses, due to its high accuracy in characterizing mass tissue properties (especially for soft tissue), and in detecting tumor size, extent, pericardial/pleural effusion, leading to the correct diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Therefore, nowadays, several consensus statements consider CMR as a leading imaging technique, thanks to its non-invasive tissue characterization, without the use of ionizing radiation, in an unrestricted field of view. As suggested by the most recent literature, the pediatric protocol is not so different from the adult one, adapted to the size and cardiac frequency of the patient, sometimes requiring special conditions such as free-breathing sequences and/or sedation or general anesthesia in non-cooperating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Passaniti
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Celona
- UOC Radiodiagnostica, San Vincenzo Hospital, Provincial Health Agency of Messina, Taormina, Italy
| | - Aurelio Secinaro
- Advanced Cardiothoracic Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Curione
- Advanced Cardiothoracic Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso D'Angelo
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, BIOMORF Department, University Hospital “Policlinico G. Martino”, Messina Italy
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Orazio Garretto
- UOSD Radiologia 2 CAST, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Placido Romeo
- Radiology Department of AO “San Marco”, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
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4
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Grgat D, Dilber D, Hrabak Paar M. Common benign primary pediatric cardiac tumors: a primer for radiologists. Jpn J Radiol 2022; 41:477-487. [PMID: 36495370 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-022-01371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tumors are neoplasms arising from or located in the heart or the pericardium. Although rare, primary cardiac tumors in children require an accurate and timely diagnosis. Most pediatric primary cardiac tumors are benign (around 90%). Echocardiography is the first imaging modality used due to its availability, noninvasiveness, inexpensiveness, and absence of ionizing radiation. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer better soft tissue visualization as well as better visualization of extracardiac structures. A great advantage of MRI is the possibility of measuring cardiac function and blood flow, which can be important for obstructing cardiac tumors. In this article, we will offer a brief review of clinical, echocardiographic, CT, and MRI features of cardiac rhabdomyomas, fibromas, teratomas, and lipomas providing their differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Grgat
- Institute for Emergency Medicine of Zagreb County, Velika Gorica, Croatia
| | - Daniel Dilber
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zagreb, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Hrabak Paar
- School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Zagreb, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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5
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Ismail B, Elmalı M, Baysal K. MRI diagnosed cardiac lipoma in tuberous sclerosis: a case report with a very rare association. Cardiol Young 2022; 33:1-3. [PMID: 36184830 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122003122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis is a genetic multisystem disorder characterised by hamartomas in several organs. Cardiac rhabdomyomas are the main features of the disease but lipomas can very rarely be associated. Herein, we present a very rare association of tuberous sclerosis and cardiac lipoma detected by echocardiography and diagnosed as a lipoma via MRI and fat suppression technic, aim to report this very rare association, and emphasise usefulness of MRI in cardiac mass lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaban Ismail
- Yeni Yuzyil University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Elmalı
- Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kemal Baysal
- Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Samsun, Turkey
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6
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Gatti M, D’Angelo T, Muscogiuri G, Dell'aversana S, Andreis A, Carisio A, Darvizeh F, Tore D, Pontone G, Faletti R. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance of cardiac tumors and masses. World J Cardiol 2021; 13:628-649. [PMID: 34909128 PMCID: PMC8641001 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v13.i11.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac masses diagnosis and treatment are a true challenge, although they are infrequently encountered in clinical practice. They encompass a broad set of lesions that include neoplastic (primary and secondary), non-neoplastic masses and pseudomasses. The clinical presentation of cardiac tumors is highly variable and depends on several factors such as size, location, relation with other structures and mobility. The presumptive diagnosis is made based on a preliminary non-invasive diagnostic work-up due to technical difficulties and risks associated with biopsy, which is still the diagnostic gold standard. The findings should always be interpreted in the clinical context to avoid misdiagnosis, particularly in specific conditions (e.g., infective endocarditis or thrombi). The modern multi-modality imaging techniques has a key role not only for the initial assessment and differential diagnosis but also for management and surveillance of the cardiac masses. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) allows an optimal non-invasive localization of the lesion, providing multiplanar information on its relation to surrounding structures. Moreover, with the additional feature of tissue characterization, CMR can be highly effective to distinguish pseudomasses from masses, as well as benign from malignant lesions, with further differential diagnosis of the latter. Although histopathological assessment is important to make a definitive diagnosis, CMR plays a key role in the diagnosis of suspected cardiac masses with a great impact on patient management. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cardiac masses, from clinical and imaging protocol to pathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gatti
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Tommaso D’Angelo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, “G. Martino” University Hospital Messina, Messina 98100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Muscogiuri
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Luca Hospital, Milan 20149, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Carisio
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Darvizeh
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20121, Italy
| | - Davide Tore
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Riccardo Faletti
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
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7
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Johnson JN, Mandell JG, Christopher A, Olivieri LJ, Loke YH, Campbell MJ, Darty S, Kim HW, Clark DE, Frischhertz BP, Fish FA, Bailey AL, Mikolaj MB, Hughes SG, Oneugbu A, Chung J, Burdowski J, Marfatia R, Bi X, Craft J, Umairi RA, Kindi FA, Williams JL, Campbell MJ, Kharabish A, Gutierrez M, Arzanauskaite M, Ntouskou M, Ashwath ML, Robinson T, Chiang JB, Lee JCY, Lee MSH, Chen SSM. Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2020 Case of the Week series. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2021; 23:108. [PMID: 34629101 PMCID: PMC8504030 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-021-00799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) is an international society focused on the research, education, and clinical application of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Case of the week is a case series hosted on the SCMR website ( https://www.scmr.org ) that demonstrates the utility and importance of CMR in the clinical diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. Each case consists of the clinical presentation and a discussion of the condition and the role of CMR in diagnosis and guiding clinical management. The cases are all instructive and helpful in the approach to patient management. We present a digital archive of the 2020 Case of the Week series of 11 cases as a means of further enhancing the education of those interested in CMR and as a means of more readily identifying these cases using a PubMed or similar search engine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason N Johnson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Radiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jason G Mandell
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adam Christopher
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Laura J Olivieri
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yue-Hin Loke
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael J Campbell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steve Darty
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Han W Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel E Clark
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin P Frischhertz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Frank A Fish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alison L Bailey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga/Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Michael B Mikolaj
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga/Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Sean G Hughes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jina Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - Ravi Marfatia
- Division of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoming Bi
- Siemens Medical Solutions, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Craft
- Division of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Faiza A Kindi
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jason L Williams
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Campbell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ahmed Kharabish
- Radiology Department, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
- Radiology Department, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Manuel Gutierrez
- Radiology Department, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Monika Arzanauskaite
- Radiology Department, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Center-ICCC, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marousa Ntouskou
- Radiology Department, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mahi L Ashwath
- Division of Cardiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinic, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Tommy Robinson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinic, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeanie B Chiang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonan C Y Lee
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - M S H Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sylvia S M Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
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8
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Wang MX, Segaran N, Bhalla S, Pickhardt PJ, Lubner MG, Katabathina VS, Ganeshan D. Tuberous Sclerosis: Current Update. Radiographics 2021; 41:1992-2010. [PMID: 34534018 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021210103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a relatively rare autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder secondary to mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor genes. Although manifestation of the classic triad of seizures, intellectual disability, and facial angiofibromas may facilitate timely diagnosis of TSC, the multisystem features that may indicate TSC in the absence of these manifestations remain highly variable. In addition, patients with TSC are at risk of developing multiple benign and malignant tumors in various organ systems, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Thus, imaging plays a critical role in diagnosis, surveillance, and management of patients with TSC. It is crucial that radiologists be familiar with TSC and the various associated imaging features to avoid a delayed or incorrect diagnosis. Key manifestations include cortical dysplasias, subependymal nodules, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, cardiac rhabdomyomas, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and angiomyolipomas. Renal angiomyolipomas in particular can manifest with imaging features that mimic renal malignancy and pose a diagnostic dilemma. Other manifestations include dermatologic and ophthalmic manifestations, renal cysts, renal cell carcinomas, multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia, splenic hamartomas, and other rare tumors such as perivascular epithelioid tumors. In addition to using imaging and clinical features to confirm the diagnosis, genetic testing can be performed. In this article, the molecular pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and imaging features of TSC are reviewed. Current recommendations for management and surveillance of TSC are discussed as well. ©RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy X Wang
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030-4009 (M.X.W., D.G.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (N.S.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Section of Abdominal Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (S.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (P.J.P., M.G.L.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.)
| | - Nicole Segaran
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030-4009 (M.X.W., D.G.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (N.S.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Section of Abdominal Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (S.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (P.J.P., M.G.L.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.)
| | - Sanjeev Bhalla
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030-4009 (M.X.W., D.G.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (N.S.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Section of Abdominal Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (S.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (P.J.P., M.G.L.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.)
| | - Perry J Pickhardt
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030-4009 (M.X.W., D.G.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (N.S.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Section of Abdominal Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (S.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (P.J.P., M.G.L.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.)
| | - Meghan G Lubner
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030-4009 (M.X.W., D.G.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (N.S.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Section of Abdominal Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (S.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (P.J.P., M.G.L.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.)
| | - Venkata S Katabathina
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030-4009 (M.X.W., D.G.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (N.S.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Section of Abdominal Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (S.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (P.J.P., M.G.L.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.)
| | - Dhakshinamoorthy Ganeshan
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030-4009 (M.X.W., D.G.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (N.S.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Section of Abdominal Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (S.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (P.J.P., M.G.L.); and Department of Radiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.)
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9
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Leiner T, Bogaert J, Friedrich MG, Mohiaddin R, Muthurangu V, Myerson S, Powell AJ, Raman SV, Pennell DJ. SCMR Position Paper (2020) on clinical indications for cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020; 22:76. [PMID: 33161900 PMCID: PMC7649060 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-020-00682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) last published its comprehensive expert panel report of clinical indications for CMR in 2004. This new Consensus Panel report brings those indications up to date for 2020 and includes the very substantial increase in scanning techniques, clinical applicability and adoption of CMR worldwide. We have used a nearly identical grading system for indications as in 2004 to ensure comparability with the previous report but have added the presence of randomized controlled trials as evidence for level 1 indications. In addition to the text, tables of the consensus indication levels are included for rapid assimilation and illustrative figures of some key techniques are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, E.01.132, Utrecht University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Bogaert
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Catholic University Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias G Friedrich
- Departments of Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Raad Mohiaddin
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vivek Muthurangu
- Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Science & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Saul Myerson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Andrew J Powell
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Farley, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Farley, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Subha V Raman
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10th Street, Fairbanks Hall, Suite 6200, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3082, USA
| | - Dudley J Pennell
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK
- Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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10
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Caicedo D, Oshiro K, Glickstein JS, Krishnan U, DiLorenzo MP. Cardiac Hemangioma in an Asymptomatic Teenager with a History of Congenital Heart Disease. CASE (PHILADELPHIA, PA.) 2020; 4:362-364. [PMID: 33117929 PMCID: PMC7581645 DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
• Cardiac hemangiomas constitute <10% of all pediatric cardiac tumors. • More than two thirds of patients with cardiac masses may present with symptoms. • Association between congenital heart disease and heart tumors is very uncommon. • Echocardiography is the first-line imaging modality for identifying cardiac masses. • CMR is an excellent imaging technique for cardiac tumor characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Caicedo
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, New York
| | - Kristin Oshiro
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Julie S Glickstein
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Usha Krishnan
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Michael P DiLorenzo
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
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11
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Pradella S, Grazzini G, Letteriello M, De Amicis C, Grassi R, Maggialetti N, Carbone M, Palumbo P, Carotti M, Di Cesare E, Giovagnoni A, Cozzi D, Miele V. Masses in right side of the heart: spectrum of imaging findings. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:60-70. [PMID: 32945280 PMCID: PMC7944673 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i8-s.9940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary heart tumors are rare, benign tumors represent the majority of these. If a cardiac mass is found, the probability that it is a metastasis or a so-called “pseudo-mass” is extremely higher than a primary tumor. The detection of a heart mass during a transthoracic echocardiography (TE) is often unexpected. The TE assessment can be difficult, particularly if the mass is located at the level of the right chambers. Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT) can be useful in anatomical evaluation and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) for masses characterization as well. We provide an overview of right cardiac masses and their imaging futures. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pradella
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giulia Grazzini
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mayla Letteriello
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Roberta Grassi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Maggialetti
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Mattia Carbone
- Department of Radiology, S. Giovanni and Ruggi D'Aragona Hospital, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo Palumbo
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Marina Carotti
- Università politecnica delle Marche, School of Medicine and University Hospital "Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi", Department of Radiology, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Di Cesare
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Andrea Giovagnoni
- Università politecnica delle Marche, School of Medicine and University Hospital "Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi", Department of Radiology, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Diletta Cozzi
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Miele
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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12
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Alomari L, Khushaim A. Diagnosis of Epipericardial Fat Necrosis on multimodality imaging in a pediatric patient: a case report and review of the literature. J Radiol Case Rep 2020; 14:16-24. [PMID: 33082923 DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v14i5.3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a case report of a 13-year-old male, presented to the Emergency Department complaining of a sudden onset left-sided pleuritic chest pain for 1 day. He was found to have a mass in the left Epipericardial fat with fat stranding and pleural effusion supporting the diagnosis of Epipericardial Fat Necrosis. The findings were established by Computed tomography and Ultrasound, and the final diagnosis was confirmed by Magnetic resonance imaging. Subsequently, the patient was discharged on analgesia; reassessment one-month later showed clinical improvement with no symptom recurrence. Repeated Ultrasound demonstrated a marked decrease in size and echogenicity of the mass. In this paper we review the clinical and radiological manifestations of Epipericardial fat necrosis and the different management approaches taken over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Alomari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Khushaim
- Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
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13
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Incidence, prognostic significance, and survival outcomes of primary cardiac sarcoma: An updated population-based retrospective study. Anatol J Cardiol 2020; 25:104-110. [PMID: 33583817 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2020.78107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary cardiac sarcoma, a rare tumor with an aggressive course and imprecise prognosis, constitutes over 95% of all malignant cardiac tumors. Given the sparsely available evidence, there is a paucity of information regarding current knowledge on cardiac sarcoma. This study aimed to determine the incidence and incidence-based rates, patient characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival factors of cardiac sarcoma. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the incidence, incidence-based mortality rates and characteristics of cardiac sarcoma between 1975 and 2016 was carried out using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The National Cancer Institute's Joinpoint Regression program was used to calculate the Annual Percentage Changes (APC). Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to determine the survival characteristics. RESULTS A total 408 patients were identified for the incidence analysis, while 385 eligible patients were identified for the survival analysis. The mean age at diagnosis was 46.3±17.9 years. The incidence rate (per 100.000 per year) of cardiac sarcoma within the indicated years was 0.22, with an increased APC of 1.7 (p=0.013, 95% CI=0.5-2.9). A total of 251 (61.5%) patients underwent surgery, 93 (22.8%) patients received adjuvant radiotherapy, and 197 (50.2%) patients received chemotherapy. Surgical resection, chemotherapy, stage of tumor, and younger age significantly improved the survival outcomes (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Cardiac sarcoma is a rare type of soft tissue sarcomas with poor prognosis. Over the past 30 years, the incidence of cardiac sar-coma has been on the increase. Surgery remains the mainstay of management. Further studies are needed to compare different diagnostic and treatment modalities so as to ascertain the best treatment option that would enhance survival and prognosis of cardiac sarcoma.
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14
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De Rubeis G, Galea N, Ceravolo I, Dacquino GM, Carbone I, Catalano C, Francone M. Aortic valvular imaging with cardiovascular magnetic resonance: seeking for comprehensiveness. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20170868. [PMID: 30277407 PMCID: PMC6732913 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has an emerging role in aortic valve disease evaluation, becoming an all-in-one technique. CMR evaluation of the anatomy and flow through the aortic valve has a higher reproducibility than echocardiography. Its unique ability of in vivo myocardial tissue characterization, significantly improves the risk stratification and management of patients. In addition, CMR is equivalent to cardiac CT angiography for trans-aortic valvular implantation and surgical aortic valve replacement planning; on the other hand, its role in the evaluation of ventricular function improving and post-treatment complications is undisputed. This review encompasses the existing literature regarding the role of CMR in aortic valve disease, exploring all the aspects of the disease, from diagnosis to prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca De Rubeis
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences,"Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Isabella Ceravolo
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences,"Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Dacquino
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences,"Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Iacopo Carbone
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences,"Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Catalano
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences,"Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Francone
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences,"Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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15
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Cely Cely A, Jiménez López-Guarch C, Charterina SA. Masas cardiacas: multimodalidad-resonancia magnética cardiaca. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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16
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Muscogiuri G, Suranyi P, Eid M, Varga-Szemes A, Griffith L, Pontone G, Schoepf UJ, De Cecco CN. Pediatric Cardiac MR Imaging:: Practical Preoperative Assessment. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2019; 27:243-262. [PMID: 30910096 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) is rapidly increasing due to continuous advancements in diagnostic techniques and medical or surgical treatment approaches. Along with cardiac computed tomography angiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) serves as a fundamental imaging modality for pre-surgical planning in patients with CHD, as CMR allows for the evaluation of cardiac and great vessel anatomy, biventricular function, flow dynamics, and tissue characterization. This information is essential for risk-assessment and optimal timing of surgical interventions. This article discusses the current role of pediatric cardiac MR imaging as a practical preoperative assessment tool in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Muscogiuri
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Via Carlo Parea, 4, 20138 Milano MI, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Pal Suranyi
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, 5 Courtenay Dr, MUSC, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Marwen Eid
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, 5 Courtenay Dr, MUSC, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Akos Varga-Szemes
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, 5 Courtenay Dr, MUSC, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Lewis Griffith
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, 5 Courtenay Dr, MUSC, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Via Carlo Parea, 4, 20138 Milano MI, Italy
| | - Uwe Joseph Schoepf
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, 5 Courtenay Dr, MUSC, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Carlo N De Cecco
- Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University Hospital, Emory Healthcare, Inc., 1364 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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17
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Malakan Rad E, Radmehr H, Vasei M, Rahimi Rastgoo B. Giant congenital right atrial epithelioid-capillary hemangioma with prolonged QT interval: Case report and practical surgical treatment strategy for primary cardiac tumors in children based on 25-year review of 299 cases. Echocardiography 2018; 35:1471-1481. [PMID: 30030856 DOI: 10.1111/echo.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hemangioma is very rare and accounts for 2%-3% of the primary cardiac tumors. Cardiac epitheloid-capillary hemangioma has not been reported in the pediatric population so far. We report the fatal outcome of a preterm neonate with a huge congenital right atrial epitheloid-capillary hemangioma and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein, associated with prolonged QT interval. We describe the echocardiographic, computed tomographic (CT) imaging, microscopic and immunohistochemical features of the tumor. Complete resection of the tumor was done at operation necessitating extensive reconstruction of atrial walls. Intramural infiltration of this tumor into the surrounding myocardial walls is a challenging characteristic of cardiac hemangioma. The temptation to complete resection should be avoided in the setting of extensive intramural infiltration and entrapment of the tumoral cells into atrial walls, particularly in a preterm neonate. None of the current classifications for hemangioma was inclusive of our case. Based on a concise literature review of nine published classification systems from 1996 to 2017 , we discuss the shortcomings of the current classifications for hemangioma. We also performed a 25-year-review of 299 cases of primary cardiac tumors in neonates and children, from 1993 to May 2018. We suggest a stepwise surgical treatment strategy according to the characteristics of the patient and of the tumor, based on this review. The stepwise strategy includes watchful observation, partial resection, complete resection and cardiac transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Malakan Rad
- Pediatric Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Radmehr
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vasei
- Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Primary cardiac tumors associated with genetic syndromes: a comprehensive review. Pediatr Radiol 2018; 48:156-164. [PMID: 29214333 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-4027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Various cardiac tumors occur in the setting of a genetic syndrome such as myxomas in Carney complex and rhabdomyomas in tuberous sclerosis. Tumor biology can be different in syndromic forms, and on imaging children sometimes demonstrate additional manifestations of the underlying syndrome. We discuss the imaging appearance of cardiac tumors occurring in the framework of a genetic syndrome, the findings that suggest an underlying syndrome, and the impact on management.
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19
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Leiter Herrán F, Restrepo CS, Alvarez Gómez DI, Suby-Long T, Ocazionez D, Vargas D. Hamartomas from head to toe: an imaging overview. Br J Radiol 2016; 90:20160607. [PMID: 27936889 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hamartomas are tumours composed of mesenchymal tissues such as cartilage, fat, connective tissue and smooth muscle and can be found in virtually any organ system. These masses commonly develop sporadically, but are also seen in certain syndromes such as tuberous sclerosis or Carney triad. While their imaging appearance varies depending on the organ they arise from, findings are usually unique and a diagnosis can be confidently made. Radiologists must be aware of the clinical and imaging presentations of these lesions with the particular goal of avoiding unnecessary studies or invasive procedures. Furthermore, knowledge of common syndromic entities is crucial, as the radiologist may be the first to suggest the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas Suby-Long
- 4 University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Daniel Vargas
- 4 University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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20
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Etesami M, Gilkeson RC, Rajiah P. Utility of late gadolinium enhancement in pediatric cardiac MRI. Pediatr Radiol 2016; 46:1096-113. [PMID: 26718199 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-015-3526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequence is increasingly used in the evaluation of pediatric cardiovascular disorders, and although LGE might be a normal feature at the sites of previous surgeries, it is pathologically seen as a result of extracellular space expansion, either from acute cell damage or chronic scarring or fibrosis. LGE is broadly divided into ischemic and non-ischemic patterns. LGE caused by myocardial infarction occurs in a vascular distribution and always involves the subendocardial portion, progressively involving the outer regions in a waveform pattern. Non-ischemic cardiomyopathies can have a mid-myocardial (either linear or patchy), subepicardial or diffuse subendocardial distribution. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy can have a linear mid-myocardial pattern, while hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can have fine, patchy enhancement in hypertrophied and non-hypertrophied segments as well as right ventricular insertion points. Myocarditis and sarcoidosis have a mid-myocardial or subepicardial pattern of LGE. Fabry disease typically affects the basal inferolateral segment while Danon disease typically spares the septum. Pericarditis is characterized by diffuse or focal pericardial thickening and enhancement. Thrombus, the most common non-neoplastic cardiac mass, is characterized by absence of enhancement in all sequences, while neoplastic masses show at least some contrast enhancement, depending on the pathology. Regardless of the etiology, presence of LGE is associated with a poor prognosis. In this review, we describe the technical modifications required for performing LGE cardiac MR sequence in children, review and illustrate the patterns of LGE in children, and discuss their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Etesami
- Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Robert C Gilkeson
- Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Prabhakar Rajiah
- Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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21
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Chlebowski M, O'Brien J, Hertzenberg C, Wagner J. Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Myxoma in a 12-Year-Old Male. Tex Heart Inst J 2016; 43:267-9. [PMID: 27303249 DOI: 10.14503/thij-15-5318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myxoma is the most common cardiac tumor in patients of all ages; the majority are encountered as single left atrial tumors. Left ventricular myxomas are exceedingly rare, having been recorded in a small number of case reports involving children worldwide. We report a case of a left ventricular myxoma with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a previously healthy, asymptomatic adolescent black male. Transthoracic echocardiograms revealed a single, large (2.5 × 5-cm), lobulated, mobile mass within the left ventricular cavity that oscillated into the outflow tract, thereby causing moderate obstruction during systole. Advanced images delineated the location and tissue composition of the mass, characterizing it as a myxoma. Complete surgical excision of the mass was accomplished via aortotomy. Gross examination and histology confirmed the diagnosis of myxoma.
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22
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Sorensen C, Gach P, Pico H, Hugues N, Dabadie A, Desvignes C, Bourlière B, Aschero A, Colavolpe N, Petit P, Gorincour G. Cardiac CT or MRI in pediatric practice: Which one to choose? Diagn Interv Imaging 2016; 97:513-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Díaz Angulo C, Méndez Díaz C, Rodríguez García E, Soler Fernández R, Rois Siso A, Marini Díaz M. Imaging findings in cardiac masses (Part i): Study protocol and benign tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Díaz Angulo C, Méndez Díaz C, Rodríguez García E, Soler Fernández R, Rois Siso A, Marini Díaz M. Imaging findings in cardiac masses (Part I): study protocol and benign tumors. RADIOLOGIA 2015; 57:480-8. [PMID: 26307666 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac masses represent a diagnostic challenge because decisions about treatment are based on imaging techniques. Echocardiography, magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) are fundamental for the detection, characterization, and staging of cardiac masses as well as for planning their treatment. Most primary cardiac tumors are benign; myxomas, papillary fibroelastomas, and lipomas are the most common. The location of the tumors and its characteristics on CT and MR orient the etiologic diagnosis in most cases. This article describes the protocols for CT and MR studies of cardiac masses as well as the morphologic findings, predominant locations, and most useful characteristics for characterizing benign cardiac masses and establishing the differential diagnosis with malignant cardiac tumors and non-neoplastic pseudotumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Díaz Angulo
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, España
| | - C Méndez Díaz
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, España
| | - E Rodríguez García
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, España
| | - R Soler Fernández
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, España.
| | - A Rois Siso
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, España
| | - M Marini Díaz
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, España
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Hart C. Erkrankungen von Herz und Gefäßen im Kindesalter. Radiologe 2015; 55:561-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00117-014-2772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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