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Clift AK, Dodwell D, Lord S, Petrou S, Brady SM, Collins GS, Hippisley-Cox J. The current status of risk-stratified breast screening. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:533-550. [PMID: 34703006 PMCID: PMC8854575 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from high-risk scenarios such as the presence of highly penetrant genetic mutations, breast screening typically comprises mammography or tomosynthesis strategies defined by age. However, age-based screening ignores the range of breast cancer risks that individual women may possess and is antithetical to the ambitions of personalised early detection. Whilst screening mammography reduces breast cancer mortality, this is at the risk of potentially significant harms including overdiagnosis with overtreatment, and psychological morbidity associated with false positives. In risk-stratified screening, individualised risk assessment may inform screening intensity/interval, starting age, imaging modality used, or even decisions not to screen. However, clear evidence for its benefits and harms needs to be established. In this scoping review, the authors summarise the established and emerging evidence regarding several critical dependencies for successful risk-stratified breast screening: risk prediction model performance, epidemiological studies, retrospective clinical evaluations, health economic evaluations and qualitative research on feasibility and acceptability. Family history, breast density or reproductive factors are not on their own suitable for precisely estimating risk and risk prediction models increasingly incorporate combinations of demographic, clinical, genetic and imaging-related parameters. Clinical evaluations of risk-stratified screening are currently limited. Epidemiological evidence is sparse, and randomised trials only began in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ash Kieran Clift
- Cancer Research UK Oxford Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - David Dodwell
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Lord
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Gary S Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia Hippisley-Cox
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Khan SA, Hernandez-Villafuerte KV, Muchadeyi MT, Schlander M. Cost-effectiveness of risk-based breast cancer screening: A systematic review. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:790-810. [PMID: 33844853 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To analyse published evidence on the economic evaluation of risk-based screening (RBS), a full systematic literature review was conducted. After a quality appraisal, we compared the cost-effectiveness of risk-based strategies (low-risk, medium-risk and high-risk) with no screening and age-based screening. Studies were also analysed for modelling, risk stratification methods, input parameters, data sources and harms and benefits. The 10 modelling papers analysed were based on screening performance of film-based mammography (FBM) (three); digital mammography (DM) and FBM (two); DM alone (three); DM, ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (one) and DM and US (one). Seven studies did not include the cost of risk-stratification, and one did not consider the cost of diagnosis. Disutility was incorporated in only six studies (one for screening and five for diagnosis). None of the studies reported disutility of risk-stratification (being considered as high-risk). Risk-stratification methods varied from only breast density (BD) to the combination of familial risk, genetic susceptibility, lifestyle, previous biopsies, Jewish ancestry and reproductive history. Less or no screening in low-risk women and more frequent mammography screening in high-risk women was more cost-effective compared to no screening and age-based screening. High-risk women screened annually yielded a higher mortality rate reduction and more quality-adjusted life years at the expense of higher cost and false positives. RBS can be cost effective compared to the alternatives. However, heterogeneity among risk-stratification methods, input parameters, and weaknesses in the methodologies hinder the derivation of robust conclusions. Therefore, further studies are warranted to assess newer technologies and innovative risk-stratification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Alam Khan
- Division of Health Economics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Muchandifunga Trust Muchadeyi
- Division of Health Economics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Schlander
- Division of Health Economics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Roubidoux MA, Shih-Pei Wu P, Nolte ELR, Begay JA, Joe AI. Availability of prior mammograms affects incomplete report rates in mobile screening mammography. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 171:667-673. [PMID: 29951970 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mobile mammography can improve access to screening mammography in rural areas and underserved populations. We evaluated the frequency of incomplete reports in mobile mammography screening and the relationships between prior mammograms and recall rates. METHODS The frequency of incomplete mammogram reports, the subgroups of those needing prior comparison mammograms, recalls for additional imaging, and availability of prior mammograms of a mobile screening mammography unit were compared with fixed site mammography from January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2009. All mobile unit mammograms were full field digital mammography (FFDM). Differences between rates of recall, incomplete reports, and availability of prior mammograms were calculated using the Chi-Square statistic. RESULTS Of 2640 mobile mammography cases, 21.9% (578) reports were incomplete, versus 15.2% (7653) (p ≤ 0.001) of 50325 fixed site reports. Of incomplete cases, recall for additional imaging occurred among 8.3% (218) of mobile mammography reports versus 11.3% (5708) (p ≤ 0.001) of fixed site reports. Prior mammograms were needed among 13.6% (360) of mobile mammography versus 3.9% (1945) (p ≤ 0.001) of fixed site reports. Mobile mammography recall rate varied with availability of prior mammograms: 16.0% (54) when no prior mammograms, 7.6% (127) when prior mammograms were elsewhere but unavailable and 5.9% (37) when prior FFDM were immediately available (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Incomplete reports were more frequent in mobile mammography than the fixed site. The availability of prior comparison mammograms at time of interpretation decreased the rate of incomplete mammogram reports. Recall rates were higher without prior comparison mammograms and lowest when comparison FFDM mammograms were available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn A Roubidoux
- Division of Breast Imaging, Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine - University of Michigan, University of Michigan Health System, 2910H Taubman Center, SPC 5326, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, 2902TC, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Peggy Shih-Pei Wu
- Kaiser Permanente, South Sacramento Medical Group, 6600 Bruceville Rd, 1st Floor, Sacramento, CA, 95823, USA
| | - Emily L Roen Nolte
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Greenbay Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Joel A Begay
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Annette I Joe
- Division of Breast Imaging, Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine - University of Michigan, University of Michigan Health System, 2910H Taubman Center, SPC 5326, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, 2902TC, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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6
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Qiao Y, Hayward JH, Balassanian R, Ray KM, Joe BN, Lee AY. Tuberculosis mastitis presenting as bilateral breast masses. Clin Imaging 2018. [PMID: 29514120 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis mastitis can be a challenging diagnosis, often presenting with clinical and imaging findings that are suspicious for malignancy. We present a case of a 49-year-old female with a breast mass initially diagnosed as idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Failure to respond to standard treatments, development of new breast masses, and discovery of a concurrent ulcerating thigh rash with similar histologic findings as the breast masses prompted further investigation, which ultimately lead to the diagnosis of tuberculosis mastitis. There was rapid resolution of both breast and skin symptoms after initiation of empiric drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Qiao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Jessica H Hayward
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Ronald Balassanian
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Kimberly M Ray
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Bonnie N Joe
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Amie Y Lee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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Shieh Y, Eklund M, Madlensky L, Sawyer SD, Thompson CK, Stover Fiscalini A, Ziv E, Van't Veer LJ, Esserman LJ, Tice JA. Breast Cancer Screening in the Precision Medicine Era: Risk-Based Screening in a Population-Based Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:2938659. [PMID: 28130475 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing controversy over the optimal approach to breast cancer screening has led to discordant professional society recommendations, particularly in women age 40 to 49 years. One potential solution is risk-based screening, where decisions around the starting age, stopping age, frequency, and modality of screening are based on individual risk to maximize the early detection of aggressive cancers and minimize the harms of screening through optimal resource utilization. We present a novel approach to risk-based screening that integrates clinical risk factors, breast density, a polygenic risk score representing the cumulative effects of genetic variants, and sequencing for moderate- and high-penetrance germline mutations. We demonstrate how thresholds of absolute risk estimates generated by our prediction tools can be used to stratify women into different screening strategies (biennial mammography, annual mammography, annual mammography with adjunctive magnetic resonance imaging, defer screening at this time) while informing the starting age of screening for women age 40 to 49 years. Our risk thresholds and corresponding screening strategies are based on current evidence but need to be tested in clinical trials. The Women Informed to Screen Depending On Measures of risk (WISDOM) Study, a pragmatic, preference-tolerant randomized controlled trial of annual vs personalized screening, will study our proposed approach. WISDOM will evaluate the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of risk-based screening beginning in the fall of 2016. The adaptive design of this trial allows continued refinement of our risk thresholds as the trial progresses, and we discuss areas where we anticipate emerging evidence will impact our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwey Shieh
- Affiliations of authors: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (YS, EZ, JAT), Department of Surgery (SDS, CKT, ASF, LJE), Department of Radiology (LJE), and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (LJvV), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (ME); Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA (LM)
| | - Martin Eklund
- Affiliations of authors: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (YS, EZ, JAT), Department of Surgery (SDS, CKT, ASF, LJE), Department of Radiology (LJE), and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (LJvV), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (ME); Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA (LM)
| | - Lisa Madlensky
- Affiliations of authors: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (YS, EZ, JAT), Department of Surgery (SDS, CKT, ASF, LJE), Department of Radiology (LJE), and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (LJvV), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (ME); Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA (LM)
| | - Sarah D Sawyer
- Affiliations of authors: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (YS, EZ, JAT), Department of Surgery (SDS, CKT, ASF, LJE), Department of Radiology (LJE), and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (LJvV), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (ME); Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA (LM)
| | - Carlie K Thompson
- Affiliations of authors: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (YS, EZ, JAT), Department of Surgery (SDS, CKT, ASF, LJE), Department of Radiology (LJE), and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (LJvV), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (ME); Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA (LM)
| | - Allison Stover Fiscalini
- Affiliations of authors: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (YS, EZ, JAT), Department of Surgery (SDS, CKT, ASF, LJE), Department of Radiology (LJE), and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (LJvV), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (ME); Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA (LM)
| | - Elad Ziv
- Affiliations of authors: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (YS, EZ, JAT), Department of Surgery (SDS, CKT, ASF, LJE), Department of Radiology (LJE), and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (LJvV), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (ME); Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA (LM)
| | - Laura J Van't Veer
- Affiliations of authors: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (YS, EZ, JAT), Department of Surgery (SDS, CKT, ASF, LJE), Department of Radiology (LJE), and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (LJvV), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (ME); Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA (LM)
| | - Laura J Esserman
- Affiliations of authors: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (YS, EZ, JAT), Department of Surgery (SDS, CKT, ASF, LJE), Department of Radiology (LJE), and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (LJvV), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (ME); Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA (LM)
| | - Jeffrey A Tice
- Affiliations of authors: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (YS, EZ, JAT), Department of Surgery (SDS, CKT, ASF, LJE), Department of Radiology (LJE), and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (LJvV), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (ME); Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA (LM)
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