1
|
Chuma M, Yokoo H, Hiraoka A, Ueda K, Yokoyama T, Tsuji K, Shimada N, Uojima H, Kobayashi S, Hattori N, Okubo T, Atsukawa M, Ishikawa T, Takaguchi K, Tsutsui A, Toyoda H, Tada T, Saito Y, Hirose S, Tanaka T, Takeda K, Otani M, Sekikawa Z, Watanabe T, Hidaka H, Morimoto M, Numata K, Kagawa T, Sakamoto M, Kumada T, Maeda S. Identification of CT Values That Could Be Predictive of Necrosis (N-CTav) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Lenvatinib Treatment. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:3259-3271. [PMID: 35621656 PMCID: PMC9139739 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29050266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the utility of measurement of the computed tomography (CT) attenuation value (CTav) in predicting tumor necrosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who achieve a complete response (CR), defined using modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST), after lenvatinib treatment. Method: We compared CTav in arterial phase CT images with postoperative histopathology in four patients who underwent HCC resection after lenvatinib treatment, to determine CTav thresholds indicative of histological necrosis (N-CTav). Next, we confirmed the accuracy of the determined N-CTav in 15 cases with histopathologically proven necrosis in surgical specimens. Furthermore, the percentage of the tumor with N-CTav, i.e., the N-CTav occupancy rate, assessed using Image J software in 30 tumors in 12 patients with CR out of 571 HCC patients treated with lenvatinib, and its correlation with local recurrence following CR were examined. Results: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed an optimal cut-off value of CTav of 30.2 HU, with 90.0% specificity and 65.0% sensitivity in discriminating between pathologically identified necrosis and degeneration, with a CTav of less than 30.2 HU indicating necrosis after lenvatinib treatment (N30-CTav). Furthermore, the optimal cut-off value of 30.6% for the N30-CTav occupancy rate by ROC analysis was a significant indicator of local recurrence following CR with 76.9% specificity and sensitivity (area under the ROC curve; 0.939), with the CR group with high N30-CTav occupancy (≥30.6%) after lenvatinib treatment showing significantly lower local recurrence (8.3% at 1 year) compared with the low (<30.6%) N30-CTav group (p < 0.001, 61.5% at 1 year). Conclusion: The cut-off value of 30.2 HU for CTav (N30-CTav) might be appropriate for identifying post-lenvatinib necrosis in HCC, and an N30-CTav occupancy rate of >30.6% might be a predictor of maintenance of CR. Use of these indicators have the potential to impact systemic chemotherapy for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Chuma
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-261-5656
| | - Hideki Yokoo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplant Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Hiraoka
- Gastroenterological Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama 790-0024, Japan; (A.H.); (T.T.)
| | - Kazuhiko Ueda
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan;
| | - Takahiro Yokoyama
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.)
| | - Kunihiko Tsuji
- Center of Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo 006-8555, Japan; (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Noritomo Shimada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Otakanomori Hospital, Kashiwa 277-0863, Japan;
| | - Haruki Uojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0375, Japan; (H.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Satoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama 241-8585, Japan; (S.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Nobuhiro Hattori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; (N.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Tomomi Okubo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai 270-1694, Japan;
| | - Masanori Atsukawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan;
| | - Toru Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata 950-1104, Japan;
| | - Koichi Takaguchi
- Department of Hepatology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu 760-8557, Japan; (K.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Akemi Tsutsui
- Department of Hepatology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu 760-8557, Japan; (K.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki 503-8502, Japan;
| | - Toshifumi Tada
- Department of Internal medicine, Japanese Red Cross Himeji Hospital, Himeji 670-8540, Japan;
| | - Yoshinori Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asahikawa-Kosei General Hospital, Asahikawa 078-8211, Japan;
| | - Shunji Hirose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (S.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Takaaki Tanaka
- Gastroenterological Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama 790-0024, Japan; (A.H.); (T.T.)
| | - Kazuhisa Takeda
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.)
| | - Masako Otani
- Diagnostic Pathology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan;
| | - Zenjiro Sekikawa
- Diagnostic Radiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan;
| | - Tsunamasa Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; (N.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Hisashi Hidaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0375, Japan; (H.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Manabu Morimoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama 241-8585, Japan; (S.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Kazushi Numata
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan; (T.Y.); (K.T.); (K.N.)
| | - Tatehiro Kagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (S.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
| | - Takashi Kumada
- Center of Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo 006-8555, Japan; (K.T.); (T.K.)
- Faculty of Nursing, Gifu Kyoritsu University, Ogaki 503-0001, Japan
| | - Shin Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elsayes KM, Hooker JC, Agrons MM, Kielar AZ, Tang A, Fowler KJ, Chernyak V, Bashir MR, Kono Y, Do RK, Mitchell DG, Kamaya A, Hecht EM, Sirlin CB. 2017 Version of LI-RADS for CT and MR Imaging: An Update. Radiographics 2018; 37:1994-2017. [PMID: 29131761 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017170098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is a reporting system created for the standardized interpretation of liver imaging findings in patients who are at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This system was developed with the cooperative and ongoing efforts of an American College of Radiology-supported committee of diagnostic radiologists with expertise in liver imaging and valuable input from hepatobiliary surgeons, hepatologists, hepatopathologists, and interventional radiologists. In this article, the 2017 version of LI-RADS for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is reviewed. Specific topics include the appropriate population for application of LI-RADS; technical recommendations for image optimization, including definitions of dynamic enhancement phases; diagnostic and treatment response categories; definitions of major and ancillary imaging features; criteria for distinguishing definite HCC from a malignancy that might be non-HCC; management options following LI-RADS categorization; and reporting. ©RSNA, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Elsayes
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 (K.M.E.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.C.H., C.B.S.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.K.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (M.M.A.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.D.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (A.K.); and Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (E.M.H.)
| | - Jonathan C Hooker
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 (K.M.E.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.C.H., C.B.S.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.K.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (M.M.A.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.D.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (A.K.); and Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (E.M.H.)
| | - Michelle M Agrons
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 (K.M.E.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.C.H., C.B.S.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.K.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (M.M.A.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.D.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (A.K.); and Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (E.M.H.)
| | - Ania Z Kielar
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 (K.M.E.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.C.H., C.B.S.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.K.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (M.M.A.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.D.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (A.K.); and Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (E.M.H.)
| | - An Tang
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 (K.M.E.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.C.H., C.B.S.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.K.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (M.M.A.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.D.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (A.K.); and Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (E.M.H.)
| | - Kathryn J Fowler
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 (K.M.E.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.C.H., C.B.S.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.K.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (M.M.A.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.D.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (A.K.); and Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (E.M.H.)
| | - Victoria Chernyak
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 (K.M.E.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.C.H., C.B.S.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.K.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (M.M.A.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.D.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (A.K.); and Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (E.M.H.)
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 (K.M.E.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.C.H., C.B.S.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.K.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (M.M.A.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.D.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (A.K.); and Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (E.M.H.)
| | - Yuko Kono
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 (K.M.E.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.C.H., C.B.S.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.K.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (M.M.A.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.D.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (A.K.); and Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (E.M.H.)
| | - Richard K Do
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 (K.M.E.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.C.H., C.B.S.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.K.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (M.M.A.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.D.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (A.K.); and Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (E.M.H.)
| | - Donald G Mitchell
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 (K.M.E.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.C.H., C.B.S.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.K.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (M.M.A.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.D.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (A.K.); and Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (E.M.H.)
| | - Aya Kamaya
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 (K.M.E.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.C.H., C.B.S.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.K.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (M.M.A.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.D.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (A.K.); and Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (E.M.H.)
| | - Elizabeth M Hecht
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 (K.M.E.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.C.H., C.B.S.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.K.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (M.M.A.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.D.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (A.K.); and Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (E.M.H.)
| | - Claude B Sirlin
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 (K.M.E.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.C.H., C.B.S.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y.K.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (M.M.A.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.K.D.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa (D.G.M.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (A.K.); and Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (E.M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|