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Zhao K, Pang K, Hung AL, Zheng H, Yan R, Sung K. A Deep Learning-Based Framework for Highly Accelerated Prostate MR Dispersion Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2983. [PMID: 39272841 PMCID: PMC11393971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16172983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) measures microvascular perfusion by capturing the temporal changes of an MRI contrast agent in a target tissue, and it provides valuable information for the diagnosis and prognosis of a wide range of tumors. Quantitative DCE-MRI analysis commonly relies on the nonlinear least square (NLLS) fitting of a pharmacokinetic (PK) model to concentration curves. However, the voxel-wise application of such nonlinear curve fitting is highly time-consuming. The arterial input function (AIF) needs to be utilized in quantitative DCE-MRI analysis. and in practice, a population-based arterial AIF is often used in PK modeling. The contribution of intravascular dispersion to the measured signal enhancement is assumed to be negligible. The MR dispersion imaging (MRDI) model was recently proposed to account for intravascular dispersion, enabling more accurate PK modeling. However, the complexity of the MRDI hinders its practical usability and makes quantitative PK modeling even more time-consuming. In this paper, we propose fast MR dispersion imaging (fMRDI) to effectively represent the intravascular dispersion and highly accelerated PK parameter estimation. We also propose a deep learning-based, two-stage framework to accelerate PK parameter estimation. We used a deep neural network (NN) to estimate PK parameters directly from enhancement curves. The estimation from NN was further refined using several steps of NLLS, which is significantly faster than performing NLLS from random initializations. A data synthesis module is proposed to generate synthetic training data for the NN. Two data-processing modules were introduced to improve the model's stability against noise and variations. Experiments on our in-house clinical prostate MRI dataset demonstrated that our method significantly reduces the processing time, produces a better distinction between normal and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) lesions, and is more robust against noise than conventional DCE-MRI analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kaifeng Pang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Alex LingYu Hung
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 92521, USA; (A.L.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haoxin Zheng
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 92521, USA; (A.L.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Kyunghyun Sung
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 92521, USA
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Jager A, Oddens JR, Postema AW, Miclea RL, Schoots IG, Nooijen PGTA, van der Linden H, Barentsz JO, Heijmink SWTPJ, Wijkstra H, Mischi M, Turco S. Is There an Added Value of Quantitative DCE-MRI by Magnetic Resonance Dispersion Imaging for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2431. [PMID: 39001493 PMCID: PMC11240399 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this multicenter, retrospective study, we evaluated the added value of magnetic resonance dispersion imaging (MRDI) to standard multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) for PCa detection. The study included 76 patients, including 51 with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), who underwent radical prostatectomy and had an mpMRI including dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Two radiologists performed three separate randomized scorings based on mpMRI, MRDI and mpMRI+MRDI. Radical prostatectomy histopathology was used as the reference standard. Imaging and histopathology were both scored according to the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System V2.0 sector map. Sensitivity and specificity for PCa detection were evaluated for mpMRI, MRDI and mpMRI+MRDI. Inter- and intra-observer variability for both radiologists was evaluated using Cohen's Kappa. On a per-patient level, sensitivity for csPCa for radiologist 1 (R1) for mpMRI, MRDI and mpMRI+MRDI was 0.94, 0.82 and 0.94, respectively. For the second radiologist (R2), these were 0.78, 0.94 and 0.96. R1 detected 4% additional csPCa cases using MRDI compared to mpMRI, and R2 detected 20% extra csPCa cases using MRDI. Inter-observer agreement was significant only for MRDI (Cohen's Kappa = 0.4250, p = 0.004). The results of this study show the potential of MRDI to improve inter-observer variability and the detection of csPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auke Jager
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorg R Oddens
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud W Postema
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Urology, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Razvan L Miclea
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Imaging, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo G Schoots
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peet G T A Nooijen
- Department of Pathology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 5223 GZ 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van der Linden
- Department of Pathology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 5223 GZ 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle O Barentsz
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegenfi, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn W T P J Heijmink
- Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hessel Wijkstra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Mischi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Turco
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Clemente A, Selva G, Berks M, Morrone F, Morrone AA, Aulisa MDC, Bliakharskaia E, De Nicola A, Tartaro A, Summers PE. Comparison of Early Contrast Enhancement Models in Ultrafast Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:870. [PMID: 38732285 PMCID: PMC11083228 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14090870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tofts models have failed to produce reliable quantitative markers for prostate cancer. We examined the differences between prostate zones and lesion PI-RADS categories and grade group (GG) using regions of interest drawn in tumor and normal-appearing tissue for a two-compartment uptake (2CU) model (including plasma volume (vp), plasma flow (Fp), permeability surface area product (PS), plasma mean transit time (MTTp), capillary transit time (Tc), extraction fraction (E), and transfer constant (Ktrans)) and exponential (amplitude (A), arrival time (t0), and enhancement rate (α)), sigmoidal (amplitude (A0), center time relative to arrival time (A1 - T0), and slope (A2)), and empirical mathematical models, and time to peak (TTP) parameters fitted to high temporal resolution (1.695 s) DCE-MRI data. In 25 patients with 35 PI-RADS category 3 or higher tumors, we found Fp and α differed between peripheral and transition zones. Parameters Fp, MTTp, Tc, E, α, A1 - T0, and A2 and TTP all showed associations with PI-RADS categories and with GG in the PZ when normal-appearing regions were included in the non-cancer GG. PS and Ktrans were not associated with any PI-RADS category or GG. This pilot study suggests early enhancement parameters derived from ultrafast DCE-MRI may become markers of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Clemente
- Radiology Unit, Centro Medicina Nucleare N1, “Centro Morrone”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (A.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Guerino Selva
- Radiology Unit, Centro Medicina Nucleare N1, “Centro Morrone”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (A.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Michael Berks
- Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Federica Morrone
- Radiology Unit, Centro Radiologico Vega, “Centro Morrone”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (F.M.); (A.A.M.)
| | | | | | | | - Andrea De Nicola
- Radiology Unit, SS. Annunziata Hospital, ASL Lanciano Vasto Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Armando Tartaro
- Department of Clinical, Oral Sciences and Biotechnology, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- MRI Unit, Santissima Trinità Hospital, ASL Pescara, 65026 Popoli, Italy
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Dinis Fernandes C, Schaap A, Kant J, van Houdt P, Wijkstra H, Bekers E, Linder S, Bergman AM, van der Heide U, Mischi M, Zwart W, Eduati F, Turco S. Radiogenomics Analysis Linking Multiparametric MRI and Transcriptomics in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3074. [PMID: 37370685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly prevalent cancer type with a heterogeneous prognosis. An accurate assessment of tumor aggressiveness can pave the way for tailored treatment strategies, potentially leading to better outcomes. While tumor aggressiveness is typically assessed based on invasive methods (e.g., biopsy), radiogenomics, combining diagnostic imaging with genomic information can help uncover aggressive (imaging) phenotypes, which in turn can provide non-invasive advice on individualized treatment regimens. In this study, we carried out a parallel analysis on both imaging and transcriptomics data in order to identify features associated with clinically significant PCa (defined as an ISUP grade ≥ 3), subsequently evaluating the correlation between them. Textural imaging features were extracted from multi-parametric MRI sequences (T2W, DWI, and DCE) and combined with DCE-derived parametric pharmacokinetic maps obtained using magnetic resonance dispersion imaging (MRDI). A transcriptomic analysis was performed to derive functional features on transcription factors (TFs), and pathway activity from RNA sequencing data, here referred to as transcriptomic features. For both the imaging and transcriptomic features, different machine learning models were separately trained and optimized to classify tumors in either clinically insignificant or significant PCa. These models were validated in an independent cohort and model performance was used to isolate a subset of relevant imaging and transcriptomic features to be further investigated. A final set of 31 imaging features was correlated to 33 transcriptomic features obtained on the same tumors. Five significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found, of which, three had moderate strength (|r| ≥ 0.5). The strongest significant correlations were seen between a perfusion-based imaging feature-MRDI A median-and the activities of the TFs STAT6 (-0.64) and TFAP2A (-0.50). A higher-order T2W textural feature was also significantly correlated to the activity of the TF STAT6 (-0.58). STAT6 plays an important role in controlling cell proliferation and migration. Loss of the AP2alpha protein expression, quantified by TFAP2A, has been strongly associated with aggressiveness and progression in PCa. According to our findings, a combination of texture features extracted from T2W and DCE, as well as perfusion-based pharmacokinetic features, can be considered for the prediction of clinically significant PCa, with the pharmacokinetic MRDI A feature being the most correlated with the underlying transcriptomic information. These results highlight a link between quantitative imaging features and the underlying transcriptomic landscape of prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Dinis Fernandes
- Electrical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Annekoos Schaap
- Electrical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joan Kant
- Biomedical Engineering-Computational Biology Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Petra van Houdt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hessel Wijkstra
- Electrical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elise Bekers
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Linder
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries M Bergman
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Uulke van der Heide
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Mischi
- Electrical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Biomedical Engineering-Computational Biology Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Eduati
- Biomedical Engineering-Computational Biology Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Turco
- Electrical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Fernandes CD, Mischi M, Wijkstra H, Barentsz JO, Heijmink SWTPJ, Turco S. Radiomic combination of spatial and temporal features extracted from DCE-MRI for prostate cancer detection . ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:3153-3156. [PMID: 34891910 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multi-parametric MRI is part of the standard prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic protocol. Recent imaging guidelines (PI-RADS v2) downgraded the value of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE)-MRI in the diagnosis of PCa. A purely qualitative analysis of the DCE-MRI time series, as it is generally done by radiologists, might indeed overlook information on the microvascular architecture and function. In this study, we investigate the discriminative power of quantitative imaging features derived from texture and pharmacokinetic analysis of DCE-MRI. In 605 regions of interest (benign and malignant tissue) delineated in 80 patients, we found through independent cross-validation that a subset of quantitative spatial and temporal features extracted from DCE-MRI and incorporated in machine learning classifiers obtains a good diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.80-0.86) in distinguishing malignant from benign regions.Clinical Relevance- These findings highlight the underlying potential of quantitative DCE-derived radiomic features in identifying PCa by MRI.
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Abstract
Prostate MRI has seen increasing interest in recent years and has led to the development of new MRI techniques and sequences to improve prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis which are reviewed in this article. Numerous studies have focused on improving image quality (segmented DWI) and faster acquisition (compressed sensing, k-t-SENSE, PROPELLER). An increasing number of studies have developed new quantitative and computer-aided diagnosis methods including artificial intelligence (PROSTATEx challenge) that mitigate the subjective nature of mpMRI interpretation. MR fingerprinting allows rapid, simultaneous generation of quantitative maps of multiple physical properties (T1, T2), where PCa are characterized by lower T1 and T2 values. New techniques like luminal water imaging (LWI), restriction spectrum imaging (RSI), VERDICT and hybrid multi-dimensional MRI (HM-MRI) have been developed for microstructure imaging, which provide information similar to histology. The distinct MR properties of tissue components and their change with the presence of cancer is used to diagnose prostate cancer. LWI is a T2-based imaging technique where long T2-component corresponding to luminal water is reduced in PCa. RSI and VERDICT are diffusion-based techniques where PCa is characterized by increased signal from intra-cellular restricted water and increased intracellular volume fraction, respectively, due to increased cellularity. VERDICT also reveal loss of extracellular-extravascular space in PCa due to loss of glandular structure. HM-MRI measures volumes of prostate tissue components, where PCa has reduced lumen and stromal and increased epithelium volume similar to results shown in histology. Similarly, molecular imaging using hyperpolarized 13C imaging has been utilized.
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Wildeboer RR, van Sloun RJG, Wijkstra H, Mischi M. Artificial intelligence in multiparametric prostate cancer imaging with focus on deep-learning methods. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 189:105316. [PMID: 31951873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer represents today the most typical example of a pathology whose diagnosis requires multiparametric imaging, a strategy where multiple imaging techniques are combined to reach an acceptable diagnostic performance. However, the reviewing, weighing and coupling of multiple images not only places additional burden on the radiologist, it also complicates the reviewing process. Prostate cancer imaging has therefore been an important target for the development of computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) tools. In this survey, we discuss the advances in CAD for prostate cancer over the last decades with special attention to the deep-learning techniques that have been designed in the last few years. Moreover, we elaborate and compare the methods employed to deliver the CAD output to the operator for further medical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier R Wildeboer
- Lab of Biomedical Diagnostics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Zaale, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Ruud J G van Sloun
- Lab of Biomedical Diagnostics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Zaale, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Hessel Wijkstra
- Lab of Biomedical Diagnostics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Zaale, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Massimo Mischi
- Lab of Biomedical Diagnostics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Zaale, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Sung K. Modified MR dispersion imaging in prostate dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:1307-1317. [PMID: 30773769 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An estimation of an intravascular dispersion parameter was previously proposed to improve the overall accuracy and precision of the model parameters, but the high computation complexity can limit its practical usability in prostate dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). PURPOSE To compare and evaluate the model fitting uncertainty and error in the model parameter estimation using different DCE-MRI analysis models and to evaluate the ability of the intravascular dispersion parameter to delineate between noncancerous and cancerous prostate tissue in the transition and peripheral zones. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION Fifty-three patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T/3D RF-spoiled gradient echo sequence. ASSESSMENT The coefficient of variation was used to assess the model fitting uncertainty by adding random noise to the time-concentration curves, and the Akaike information criterion was used to assess the model fitting error. The parametric maps derived from four DCE-MRI analysis models were evaluated by evaluating the delineation between noncancerous tissue and prostate cancer or clinically significant prostate cancer. STATISTICAL TESTS The receiver operating curve analysis was performed to compare the ability to delineate between noncancerous and prostate cancer tissue in the transition and peripheral zones. RESULTS Both MR dispersion imaging (MRDI) and Weinmann analysis models had the maximum coefficient of variation in different tissue types, while the model fitting uncertainty of modified (m)MRDI was similar to the standard Toft model. In mMRDI, the model fitting error was minimum, and the delineation between noncancerous and clinically significant prostate cancer tissue was improved in both transition (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.92) and peripheral zones (AUC = 0.92), in comparison with MRDI (AUC = 0.89 and AUC = 0.85, respectively). DATA CONCLUSION The mMRDI showed promising results in detecting prostate cancer while maintaining a similar model fitting uncertainty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1307-1317.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghyun Sung
- Department of Radiological Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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