1
|
Planned limited resection of the extrahepatic bile duct in a case of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct based on preoperative examinations. Clin J Gastroenterol 2019; 13:233-239. [PMID: 31598905 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-019-01049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is defined as a non-invasive malignancy; however, since there are disparities in its histological diagnosis, the operative strategy for typical IPNB has not yet been established. A 69-year-old male was diagnosed with a bile duct mass lesion at the confluence of the cystic duct by ultrasonography without clinical symptoms. Liver functional parameters and tumor markers were within normal ranges. Computed tomography showed an enhanced tumor with no findings of ductal invasion or node metastasis. The tumor was exposed in the hepatic duct lumen and biopsy via SpyGlass DS cholangiography revealed that it was a low-grade papillary lesion, indicating type 1 IPNB. Under preoperative diagnostic modalities, limited resection of the extrahepatic bile duct with D2 lymphadenectomy was planned and R0 resection was achieved. The postoperative histological diagnosis was type 1 IPNB without node metastasis. The postoperative course was uneventful and a good prognosis is expected at this stage. In the field of biliary surgery, although extended resection is generally performed for bile duct carcinomas, satisfactory limited surgical resection is possible for type 1 IPNB with lower malignant behavior.
Collapse
|
2
|
[Role of magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative assessement of hilar cholangiocarcinoma]. Presse Med 2018; 47:950-960. [PMID: 30224216 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is a non-invasive imaging, highly performant in detecting and locating biliary stenosis and in predicting its malignancy. The combination of two and three-dimensional MRI sequences is recommended to assess a biliary obstacle. Cholangiopathies are the main differential diagnosis of cholangiocarcinomas. In addition to bile duct abnormalities beyond the stenosis, the predictive signs of malignancy are: asymmetric irregular luminal narrowing (longer than 3mm and thicker than 13mm), abrupt discontinuation of stenosis, and enhancement superior to that of the adjacent hepatic parenchyma during arterial and portal acquisitions. Diffusion sequences improve the sensitivity of biliary stenosis detection. Moreover, restriction of diffusion is useful for distinguishing malignant from benign stenosis. Combining Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, late LAVA and diffusion sequences improves the sensitivity of detection of a possible biliary extension without significant specificity. MRI with gadolinium chelate injection is efficient in assessing vascular extension of cholangiocarcinomas. However its accuracy remains lower than that of Ct-scan. To assess hepatic, lymphatic and peritoneal extensions of cholangiocarcinomas, it is fundamental to combine diffusion and dynamic MRI sequences.
Collapse
|
3
|
Aliyev V, Yasuchika K, Hammad A, Tajima T, Fukumitsu K, Hata K, Okajima H, Uemoto S. A huge intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct treated by right trisectionectomy after right portal vein embolization. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2018; 22:150-155. [PMID: 29896576 PMCID: PMC5981145 DOI: 10.14701/ahbps.2018.22.2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a rare variant of bile duct tumors characterized by papillary growth within the bile duct lumen and recognized precursor of invasive carcinoma. IPNB was detected incidentally in a 60-year-old woman during check up. Radiologic images revealed a huge cystic mass with papillary projection and markedly dilated bile ducts. Biopsies revealed high-grade IPNB. Cholangioscopy detected a connection between the right posterior bile duct and cyst lumen with epithelial dysplasia of the bile duct. Right posterior sectional duct opened in the left hepatic duct. Consequently, right trisectionectomy and extrahepatic bile duct resection were conducted. Histological studies revealed intraductal papillary neoplasm with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (carcinoma in situ). IPNB patients without distant metastases are candidates for surgery and complete resection should be conducted to achieve long-term survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vusal Aliyev
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yasuchika
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ahmed Hammad
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Tetsuya Tajima
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Fukumitsu
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichiro Hata
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Okajima
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cross-Sectional Imaging of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Development, Growth, Spread, and Prognosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2017; 209:W64-W75. [PMID: 28570102 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.16.16923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignant tumor that arises from the intrahepatic bile ducts. Although the pathologic and imaging features of ICC have been clearly identified, recent updates have addressed the pathologic classification and imaging features of ICC using new imaging techniques. First, a proposed new pathologic ICC subclassification includes perihilar large duct and peripheral small duct ICCs. Second, advanced MR-based imaging features of ICC, such as hepatobiliary phase imaging using hepatocytespecific contrast material and DWI, have recently been described. These imaging features are important when differentiating ICCs from hepatocellular carcinomas. Finally, some imaging features of ICC, such as prominent arterial enhancement or degree of delayed enhancement, exhibit potential as prognostic imaging biomarkers. CONCLUSION Comprehensive and updated knowledge of ICC is necessary for accurate diagnosis and could facilitate prediction of clinical outcomes for patients with ICC.
Collapse
|
5
|
Dogheim OY, Rizvani M. Cholangiocarcinoma: Diagnosis and Pre-operative Evaluation. CURRENT RADIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40134-016-0168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Hong GS, Byun JH, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Lee SS, Hong SM, Lee MG. Thread sign in biliary intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: a novel specific finding for MRI. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:3112-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-4158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
7
|
Yoon M. Intrahepatic and extrahepatic intraductal papillary neoplasms of bile duct. KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SURGERY 2013; 17:48-52. [PMID: 26155213 PMCID: PMC4304504 DOI: 10.14701/kjhbps.2013.17.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There has been an increase in the number of reported cases of biliary neoplasm of the hepatobiliary system characterized by markedly dilated and multifocal papillary epithelial lesions of the bile ducts or cystic biliary lesions with or without mucin secretion, and mucinous lesions or tumors, possibly due to recent advances in radiological diagnosis. This lesion of the bile duct is believed to show a better clinical course than non-papillary biliary neoplasm. Therefore, the early recognition and treatment is important. We report two cases of intrahepatic and extrahepatic intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct that were completely resected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myunghee Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Minami Y, Kudo M. Hepatic malignancies: Correlation between sonographic findings and pathological features. World J Radiol 2010; 2:249-56. [PMID: 21160664 PMCID: PMC2999329 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v2.i7.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonography (US) findings are inevitably based on pathological features. Knowledge of the pathological features of hepatic malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver metastasis and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is essential for correct US diagnosis and appropriate management. One type of hepatocarcinogenesis is step-wise development from a low-grade dysplastic nodule (DN), high-grade DN, high-grade DN with malignant foci, and well-differentiated HCC, to classical HCC. The intranodular blood supply changes in accordance with this progression. Moreover, the malignant potential tends to change as the macroscopic configuration progresses. Therefore, typical US findings of advanced HCC are a mosaic pattern, septum formation, peripheral sonolucency (halo), lateral shadow produced by fibrotic pseudocapsule, posterior echo enhancement, arterial hypervascularity with dilated intratumoral blood sinusoids, and perinodular daughter nodule formation. Bull's eye appearance is a common presentation of metastases from gastrointestinal (GI) adenocarcinomas, and represents histological findings that show an area of central necrosis surrounded by a zonal area of viable tumor. Thick zonal area reflects the layer of viable cells that are fed by minute tumor vessels. US imaging features of liver metastases from the GI tract are as follows: Bull's eye appearance, multiple masses, irregular tumor border, arterial rim-like enhancement, and hypoenhancement in the late vascular phase. Most intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are ductal adenocarcinomas. The bile ducts peripheral to the tumor are usually dilated because of obstruction by tumors. US imaging features of mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma are as follows: peripheral bile duct dilatation, irregular tumor border, arterial enhancement due to minute intratumoral blood sinusoids, and hypoenhancement in the late vascular phase.
Collapse
|
9
|
Papillary adenoma arising in the left hepatic duct: an unusual tumour in an uncommon location. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 22:886-8. [PMID: 20545030 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3283392a62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bile duct adenomas are rare tumours that arise more frequently in the distal extrahepatic biliary tree. We report the case of a papillary adenoma arising at the junction of the common and left hepatic ducts and review the available literature on this rare entity. A 73-year-old lady presented with a history of mild weight loss and vague upper abdominal pain. Routine blood tests revealed an elevated c-glutaryl transferase, and an ultrasound scan showed gross dilatation of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree. Subsequent radiological imaging confirmed biliary dilatation and identified tumour within the left and common hepatic ducts with the provisional diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. At laparotomy, there was no evidence of extraductal tumour, and choledochoscopy showed a papillary lesion within the common hepatic and proximal left hepatic ducts. The tumour was excised and the biliary tree was reconstructed. Histological evaluation of the resected specimen confirmed a papillary adenoma with mild dysplasia. This case illustrates that not all biliary tumours are cholangiocarcinomas and referral to a hepatopancreaticobiliary unit for investigation and treatment is mandatory for all cases of obstructive jaundice.
Collapse
|
10
|
FDG PET/CT findings in malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile ducts. Clin Nucl Med 2010; 35:83-5. [PMID: 20090451 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0b013e3181c7bff0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
11
|
Nanashima A, Sumida Y, Tobinaga S, Abo T, Takeshita H, Sawai T, Hidaka S, Fukuoka H, Nagayasu T. Characteristics of bile duct carcinoma with superficial extension in the epithelium. World J Surg 2009; 33:1255-8. [PMID: 19363579 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-009-9993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal tumor extension from the main tumor involves intramural or superficial spread along the bile duct, which influences surgical curability. Identifying the range of superficial extension is difficult by preoperative imaging. To clarify specific characteristics of bile duct carcinoma (BDC) with superficial extension of epithelium in the bile duct, we examined clinicopathologic features and patient outcomes in BDC patients with or without superficial extension who underwent surgical resection. METHODS Between 1994 and 2008, we retrospectively examined clinicopathologic findings and outcomes for 42 BDC patients who underwent surgical resection and divided them into two groups: (1) superficial extension (SE) group (n = 10); and (2) non-SE group (n = 32). RESULTS In terms of macroscopic growth of the main tumor, the papillary type was more common in the SE group than in the non-SE group, whereas the nodular type was dominant in the non-SE group. The prevalence of cancer-positive findings at the cut end of the bile duct was higher in the SE group. Portal vein invasion was not observed in the SE group, and the prevalence of regional lymph node metastasis was significantly greater in the non-SE group than in the SE group. No patients died of cancer in the SE group, who tended to show better survival than the non-SE group. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that a good prognosis may be achieved in BDC patients with SE when complete resection is accomplished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nanashima
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Differential CT features of intraductal biliary metastasis and double primary intraductal polypoid cholangiocarcinoma in patients with a history of extrabiliary malignancy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009; 193:1061-9. [PMID: 19770330 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.08.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to discern clinical and imaging features for differentiating intraductal metastasis from double primary intraductal cholangiocarcinoma in patients with a history of extrabiliary malignant disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Over a 10-year period, the cases of 14 patients with histopathologically proven intraductal metastasis (n = 8) or double primary intraductal cholangiocarcinoma (n = 6) who had a history of extrabiliary malignancy were identified. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed CT (n = 14) and MR (n = 6) images for the size and appearance of the intraductal lesion, presence of a parenchymal mass, multiplicity, attenuation on arterial and portal phase images, and presence of calcification. Clinical findings such as the location of extrabiliary malignancy and presence of Clonorchis sinensis infestation also were recorded. Univariate tests were used to differentiate the two disease entities. RESULTS Histopathologic confirmation was obtained by surgical resection (n = 12) or ultrasound-guided biopsy (n = 2). All intraductal metastatic lesions were of colorectal cancer, and all intraductal cholangiocarcinomas were associated with extracolonic malignant disease, including three cases of gastric cancer (p < 0.0001). All cholangiocarcinomas manifested themselves as purely intraductal masses, but five of the eight intraductal metastatic lesions were contiguous with parenchymal masses (p = 0.031). The appearance of the intraductal lesion was predominantly expansile in cases of metastasis (seven of eight cases) but not in cases of cholangiocarcinoma (one of six cases) (p = 0.026). Other findings were not statistically significant in differentiating the two disease entities. CONCLUSION When an intraductal lesion is found in a patient with extrabiliary malignancy, the presence of a contiguous parenchymal mass, an expansile nature of the intraductal lesion, and a history of colorectal cancer may suggest the presence of intraductal metastasis rather than double primary intraductal cholangiocarcinoma.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee S, Kim YS, Lee WJ, Jang KT. Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: ultrasonography and CT findings with pathological correlations. Clin Radiol 2009; 64:841-4. [PMID: 19589423 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2009.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of bile ducts radiologic and pathologic features: a case report. CASES JOURNAL 2008; 1:319. [PMID: 19014697 PMCID: PMC2613149 DOI: 10.1186/1757-1626-1-319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of a 67-year-old Caucasian man with right upper quadrant abdominal pain. He underwent radiologic investigations that revealed a solid, focal mass, at the V hepatic segment. Because a definitive diagnosis, based on imaging appearance of the lesion, was impossible in our case, we performed a hystopathological investigation but the biopsies were inconclusive. So, the definitive diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of bile ducts was made on surgical resected material. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the liver (IPNL) is a recently recognized entity which closely resembles an intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) of the pancreas.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tsou YK, Liu NJ, Wu RC, Lee CS, Tang JH, Hung CF, Jan YY. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in the diagnosis and treatment of mucobilia. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008; 43:1137-44. [PMID: 18609170 DOI: 10.1080/00365520802029856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some biliary neoplasms secrete copious mucin into bile ducts, yet the management of mucobilia is not well known. The objective of this study was to analyze 16 patients with copious mucin in the biliary tract stressing the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixteen patients with mucobilia were found among 5635 cases of ERC from October 1999 to October 2006 in our institution. Diagnostic and therapeutic ERC as well as clinical features were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Mucin had a greater impact than the neoplasm itself on the cholangiogram and clinical presentation. ERC failed to show the tumors but a disproportionate or aneurysmal dilatation of the segmental or lobar duct correlated with the tumor-bearing duct was evident. Endoscopic managements included clearance of intraductal mucin and/or endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD). Three patients were excluded from outcome assessment because of non-specific symptoms or spontaneously subsiding jaundice. Among the 13 patients eligible for assessment, subjective improvement in symptoms and/or a decrease in jaundice along with subsiding cholangitis following ERC was observed in 5 of the 7 patients that underwent both clearance of intraductal mucin and ENBD (ENBD function was poor in all 7 patients), in 1 patient who underwent only clearance of intraductal mucin, and in 3 of the 5 patients who underwent only ENBD. The three patients with progressive jaundice, despite endoscopic management, had advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS ERC revealed the tumor-bearing duct but not the extent of the disease in most of the patients with mucobilia. When mucobilia is encountered during ERC, the management should include clearance of as much intraductal mucin as possible. ENBD is frequently obstructed by mucin and may be helpful only in selected cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Kuan Tsou
- Departments of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nanashima A, Sumida Y, Tomoshige K, Takeshita H, Shibata K, Sawai T, Yasutake T, Kinoshita N, Hayashi T, Nakanuma Y, Nagayasu T. A case of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct with stromal invasion. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2008; 2:314-20. [PMID: 21490862 PMCID: PMC3075190 DOI: 10.1159/000154818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) represents biliary papillary tumors mainly growing and is considered to be of relatively low-grade malignancy. Here we report a case of IPNB in whom the poorly differentiated component deeply infiltrated the bile duct wall. A 77-year-old male had an invasive carcinoma of the bile duct 3 cm in size. He underwent right hemihepatectomy with combined resection of the extrahepatic bile duct. Papillary growing tumor was observed in the common bile duct and the right posterior Glisson's pedicle was invaded. Histologic finding showed papillary adenocarcinoma in the surface layer superficially extending to the epithelium of the surrounding bile duct. In the subserosal layer, the tumor represented poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The tumor was diagnosed as invasive bile duct carcinoma arising from IPNB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nanashima
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim NR, Lee JM, Kim SH, An SK, Han CJ, Choi SH, Han JK, Lee HS, Jang JJ, Choi BI. Enhancement characteristics of cholangiocarcinomas on mutiphasic helical CT: emphasis on morphologic subtypes. Clin Imaging 2008; 32:114-20. [PMID: 18313575 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2007.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to characterize the differences in CT enhancement pattern among the morphologic subtypes of cholangiocarcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unenhanced, hepatic arterial (HAP), and portal venous phase (PVP) CT images of 84 patients with pathologically proven cholangiocarcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. Tumors were of the following types: 27 mass-forming, 39 periductal-infiltrating, and 18 intraductal. The CT attenuation values of tumors were measured at each phase. The tumor enhancement ratio (ER) on HAP and PVP was calculated. RESULTS Each cholangiocarcinoma subtype produced characteristic enhancement relative to liver on HAP and PVP images: mass-forming tumors demonstrated hyperenhancing periphery and hyopenhancing centers; periductal-infiltrating tumors, hyperenhancing; and intraductal tumors, hypoenhancing. The ER of the tumor types was significantly different (P<.001, HAP, PVP): periductal-infiltrating tumors showed the highest ER (2.5; 3.8); the centers of mass-forming tumors, lowest (1.5; 2.2); the peripheries of mass-forming tumors, high (2.1; 3.0); intraductal tumors, low (1.9; 2.6). CONCLUSION Cholangiocarcinoma subtypes tended to exhibit distinct enhancement characteristics. Knowledge of these enhancement patterns may aid diagnosis and surgical planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ra Kim
- Department of Radiology, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lim JH, Jang KT, Rhim H, Kim YS, Lee KT, Choi SH. Biliary cystic intraductal papillary mucinous tumor and cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma: differentiation by CT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 32:644-51. [PMID: 17437076 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-006-9161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify differential findings of biliary cystic intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) and biliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma on CT images. MATERIALS AND METHODS Records of 7 patients with biliary cystic IPMT and 17 patients with biliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma were accessed. A pathologist reviewed gross morphologic and microscopic findings and confirmed the diagnosis. Two radiologists who were blind to the pathologic diagnosis reviewed CT images regarding size of cystic mass, mural nodule, septa, calcification, dilatation of the proximal, and distal bile ducts to the tumor, and the results were analyzed using multivariate analysis. RESULTS Mural nodule and dilatation of the bile ducts distal to the cystic tumor were more commonly seen in patients with cystic IPMT than in patients with biliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma and these are statistically significant, the P values being 0.029 and 0.016, respectively. Size of the cystic tumor, presence of septa, calcification, and dilatation of the bile duct proximal to the cystic tumor were not statistically different. CONCLUSION Biliary cystic IPMT could be differentiated from biliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma on CT images based on the presence of mural nodules and dilatation of the bile ducts distal to the cystic tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
F-18-FDG PET and PET/CT are useful for staging, predicting the prognosis, and evaluating recurrence and treatment response in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and cholangiocarcinomas. Increased F-18-FDG uptake within tumors could be a surrogate marker of aggressive behavior and poor clinical outcome, despite high false-negative rates in detecting primary intrahepatic low-grade HCCs and periductal-infiltrating cholangiocarcinomas. Dualtracer PET or PET/CT using carbon-11-acetate and F-18-FDG will increase diagnostic performance in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Doo Lee
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsan-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
| | - Won Jun Kang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsan-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsan-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Park MS, Yu JS, Lee DK, Yoon DS, Cha SW, Kim KW. Gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the bile ducts. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 25:625-7. [PMID: 17326091 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.20791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 63-year-old male with intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) of the bile ducts. We discuss the role of gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA)-enhanced T1-weighted MRI in the visualization of mucin flow, localization of the papillary tumor, and confirming the diagnosis of this uncommon disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Suk Park
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Intrahepatic Biliary Intraductal Oncocytic Papillary Neoplasm/Carcinoma: First Reported Case in Australia and Literature Review. Radiol Case Rep 2007; 2:95. [DOI: 10.2484/rcr.v2i3.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
22
|
Yeh TS, Tseng JH, Chiu CT, Liu NJ, Chen TC, Jan YY, Chen MF. Cholangiographic spectrum of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile ducts. Ann Surg 2006; 244:248-53. [PMID: 16858187 PMCID: PMC1602176 DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000217636.40050.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To propose a cholangiographic classification for intraductal growth type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IG-ICC) and its precursor, collectively termed intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile ducts (IPMN-B). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA For the extensive clinicopathologic variations of IPMN-B, a detailed characterization of cholangiography for IPMN-B is beneficial for determining the optimal therapeutic strategy. METHODS A total of 124 patients with cholangiography-available and pathologically proven IPMN-B were retrospectively studied. Numbers of IPMN-B type 1, type 2, type 3, and type 4 were 33, 17, 15, and 59, respectively. A cholangiographic classification was proposed based on the presence of hepatolithiasis, mucobilia, neoplasia localization, and concomitant malignancies. The demographics, histologic grading, management, and survival were also analyzed. RESULTS All 33 IPMN-B type 1 and 12 of 17 IPMN-B type 2 displayed cholangiographic pattern IA demonstrating hepatolithiasis-related biliary stricture. The remaining 5 IPMN-B type 2 displayed cholangiographic pattern IB or IC, which demonstrated mucobilia without discernible neoplasia. Seven of 15 IPMN-B type 3 and 52 of the 59 IPMN-B type 4 displayed cholangiographic pattern IIA or IIB, which demonstrated overt intraductal neoplasia. Seven IPMN-B type 3 or 4 displayed cholangiographic pattern IIIA or IIIB, which demonstrated IPMN-B and concomitant malignancies. For those presenting with cholangiographic pattern IA, IC, IIA, IIB, and IIIA, straightforward hepatectomies for the diseased lobes were performed. For those with pattern IB, surgical resections were performed only when there was emergence of mucin-producing neoplasia. For those with IIIB, the concomitant malignancies were considered inoperable. No disease-related death occurred in IPMN-B type 1and 2. The mean survival rates of IPMN-B type 3 and type 4 were 55.5 +/- 17.1 months and 36.9 +/- 6.3 months, respectively. CONCLUSION The presented cholangiographic classification facilitates the management for IPMN-B. Significant survival discrepancy at the various stages warrants a more aggressive surgical strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nanashima A, Sumida Y, Tamaru N, Nakanuma Y, Abo T, Tanaka K, Sawai T, Yasutake T, Nagayasu T, Hayashi T, Fukuda Y. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct extending superficially from the intrahepatic to extrahepatic bile duct. J Gastroenterol 2006; 41:495-9. [PMID: 16799893 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-006-1803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) or liver is a recently noted rare disease, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Here we present a case of IPNB with an interesting morphology, which was treated by resection of the right hemiliver and extrahepatic bile duct. A 79-year-old woman was found to have a high alkaline phosphatase level and slight dilatation of the right intrahepatic bile duct on imaging studies. The right intrahepatic bile duct became dilated over a 2-year period; however, no solid mass could be detected, and tumor markers were not elevated. Hepatic resection was scheduled because a mucin-producing bile duct carcinoma of the liver was suspected. A right hemihepatectomy was conducted, and the extrahepatic bile duct was also resected after malignant cells were found in the surgical stump of the right bile duct and in the bile itself. Macroscopically, diffuse dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct was noted, but no solid component or mucin within the duct was found. Histopathological findings revealed carcinoma in situ, IPNB, in the majority of intrahepatic bile ducts, with no lymph node metastasis, and it extended continuously to the epithelium of the common bile duct. No tumor recurrence or biliary dilatation was observed at follow-up 2 years after surgery. It is important to consider malignancy in the presence of a dilated bile duct and in the absence of any cause of occlusion. Complete resection of IPNB results in a good prognosis and no recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nanashima
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lim JH, Yoon KH, Kim SH, Kim HY, Lim HK, Song SY, Nam KJ. Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the bile ducts. Radiographics 2004; 24:53-66; discussion 66-7. [PMID: 14730036 DOI: 10.1148/rg.241035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Papillary tumors of the bile ducts are intraductal tumors with numerous minute frondlike papillary projections. Some intraductal papillary tumors of the bile ducts produce a large amount of mucin that disturbs bile flow and causes severe biliary dilatation. In the presence of a tumor of this subgroup, the entire biliary tree is dilated; segmental or lobar bile ducts are dilated disproportionately, and aneurysmal dilatation may occur. Mucin is depicted at cholangiography as multiple elongated or cordlike filling defects, and the tumor is depicted on cross-sectional images as a castlike, polypoid, or fungating mass in the dilated biliary tree. Based on these characteristic imaging features-dilatation, mucin, and tumor-correct diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the bile ducts may be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135\N710, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lim JH. Cholangiocarcinoma: morphologic classification according to growth pattern and imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003; 181:819-27. [PMID: 12933488 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.181.3.1810819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-Dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lim JH, Kim MH, Kim TK, Lee MG, Lee SS, Lee JW, Lee KT, Lee JK, Lim HK. Papillary neoplasms of the bile duct that mimic biliary stone disease. Radiographics 2003; 23:447-55. [PMID: 12640158 DOI: 10.1148/rg.232025030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Papillary tumors of the bile duct are intraductal tumors with innumerable minute, frondlike papillary projections. These tumors may be either fixed to or detached from the bile duct wall. However, because the papillary projections on the surface of papillary tumors are long and slender, the tumors are friable and slough easily. The sloughed tumor fragments may float within the bile ducts, resulting in intermittent partial biliary obstruction and mimicking bile duct stones at clinical examination and at ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and cholangiography. A tumor manifests radiologically as thickening and irregularity of the bile duct wall or as a fixed or sloughed intraductal mass. A nonshadowing intraductal echogenic cast seen at US, an intraductal noncalcified soft-tissue mass with asymmetric wall thickening seen at CT, and an intraductal mass with a papillary surface and a serrated bile duct margin seen at cholangiography are all appearances that suggest a papillary tumor and may be helpful in differentiating a tumor from a bile duct stone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lim
- Departmen of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul, Korea 135-710.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lim JH, Yi CA, Lim HK, Lee WJ, Lee SJ, Kim SH. Radiological spectrum of intraductal papillary tumors of the bile ducts. Korean J Radiol 2002; 3:57-63. [PMID: 11919480 PMCID: PMC2713988 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2002.3.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary tumor of the bile duct is characterized by the presence of an intraductal tumor with a papillary surface comprising innumerable frondlike infoldings of proliferated columnar epithelial cells surrounding slender fibrovascular stalks. There may be multiple tumors along the bile ducts (papillomatosis or papillary carcinomatosis), which are dilated due to obstruction by a tumor per se, by sloughed tumor debris, or by excessive mucin. Radiologically, the biliary tree is diffusely dilated, either in a lobar or segmental fashion, or aneurysmally, depending on the location of the tumor, the debris, and the amount of mucin production. A tumor can be depicted by imaging as an intraductal mass with a thickened and irregular bile duct wall. Sloughed tumor debris and mucin plugs should be differentiated from bile duct stones. Cystically or aneurysmally, dilated bile ducts in mucin-hypersecreting variants (intraductal papillary mucinous tumors) should be differentiated from cystadenoma, cystadenocarcinoma and liver abscess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee WJ, Lim HK, Jang KM, Kim SH, Lee SJ, Lim JH, Choo IW. Radiologic spectrum of cholangiocarcinoma: emphasis on unusual manifestations and differential diagnoses. Radiographics 2001; 21 Spec No:S97-S116. [PMID: 11598251 DOI: 10.1148/radiographics.21.suppl_1.g01oc12s97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most cholangiocarcinomas are ductal adenocarcinomas that arise from both intra- and extrahepatic bile duct epithelium, and their typical growth pattern can be classified as exophytic, infiltrative, polypoid, or a combination of these. Those of unusual histologic type (eg, mucin-hypersecreting cholangiocarcinoma, squamous adenocarcinoma, biliary cystadenocarcinoma, and mucinous carcinoma) show a growth pattern different from that of the typical ones (ie, ductal). Cholangiocarcinomas frequently develop in patients with any of a variety of preexisting bile duct diseases, some of which are considered precursors of cholangiocarcinoma (eg, biliary lithiasis, clonorchiasis, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis). Some bulky hepatic tumors of either primary or secondary origin mimic exophytic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma. Some variants of hepatocellular carcinoma, such as sclerosing, fibrolamellar, and cholangiohepatocellular carcinoma, resemble exophytic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma, while that with intraductal growth resembles polypoid cholangiocarcinoma. Among benign bile duct diseases, tumorous conditions (eg, benign biliary tumors) may mimic polypoid cholangiocarcinoma, whereas benign stricture of various causes (eg, cholangitides, traumatic and postsurgical sequelae, chronic pancreatitis, papillary stenosis) usually mimics infiltrative cholangiocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W J Lee
- Department of Radiology and Gastrointestinal Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-Dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|