2
|
Haseli S, Mansoori B, Christensen D, Abadi A, Pooyan A, Shomal Zadeh F, Mau B, Khalili N, Murphey M, Chalian M. Fibroblastic and Myofibroblastic Soft-Tissue Tumors: Imaging Spectrum and Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation. Radiographics 2023; 43:e230005. [PMID: 37440448 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors are a variable group of neoplasms ranging from benign to malignant. These lesions may affect patients of any age group but are more frequently encountered in the pediatric population. Patient clinical presentation depends on the location, growth pattern, adjacent soft-tissue involvement, and pathologic behavior of these neoplasms. In the 2020 update to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system, these tumors are classified on the basis of their distinct biologic behavior, histomorphologic characteristics, and molecular profiles into four tumor categories: (a) benign (eg, fibrous hamartoma of infancy, nodular fasciitis, proliferative fasciitis, fibroma of the tendon sheath, calcifying aponeurotic fibroma); (b) intermediate, locally aggressive (eg, desmoid fibromatosis); (c) intermediate, rarely metastasizing (eg, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma, low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma, infantile fibrosarcoma); and (d) malignant (eg, sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcomas; low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma; myxofibrosarcoma; fibrosarcoma, not otherwise specified). Detection of various components of solid tumors at imaging can help in prediction of the presence of corresponding histopathologic variations, thus influencing diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning. For example, lesions with a greater myxoid matrix or necrotic components tend to show higher signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images, whereas lesions with hypercellularity and dense internal collagen content display low signal intensity. In addition, understanding the radiologic-pathologic correlation of soft-tissue tumors can help to increase the accuracy of percutaneous biopsy and allow unnecessary interventions to be avoided. ©RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Haseli
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention (S.H., A.P., F.S.Z., M.C.), Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging (B.M., D.C., A.A.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (B.M.), University of Washington, UW Radiology-Roosevelt Clinic, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Box 354755, Seattle, WA 98105; Cancer Immunology Project, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Philadelphia, Pa (N.K.); and Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC (M.M.)
| | - Bahar Mansoori
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention (S.H., A.P., F.S.Z., M.C.), Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging (B.M., D.C., A.A.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (B.M.), University of Washington, UW Radiology-Roosevelt Clinic, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Box 354755, Seattle, WA 98105; Cancer Immunology Project, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Philadelphia, Pa (N.K.); and Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC (M.M.)
| | - Diana Christensen
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention (S.H., A.P., F.S.Z., M.C.), Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging (B.M., D.C., A.A.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (B.M.), University of Washington, UW Radiology-Roosevelt Clinic, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Box 354755, Seattle, WA 98105; Cancer Immunology Project, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Philadelphia, Pa (N.K.); and Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC (M.M.)
| | - Alireza Abadi
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention (S.H., A.P., F.S.Z., M.C.), Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging (B.M., D.C., A.A.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (B.M.), University of Washington, UW Radiology-Roosevelt Clinic, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Box 354755, Seattle, WA 98105; Cancer Immunology Project, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Philadelphia, Pa (N.K.); and Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC (M.M.)
| | - Atefe Pooyan
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention (S.H., A.P., F.S.Z., M.C.), Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging (B.M., D.C., A.A.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (B.M.), University of Washington, UW Radiology-Roosevelt Clinic, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Box 354755, Seattle, WA 98105; Cancer Immunology Project, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Philadelphia, Pa (N.K.); and Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC (M.M.)
| | - Firoozeh Shomal Zadeh
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention (S.H., A.P., F.S.Z., M.C.), Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging (B.M., D.C., A.A.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (B.M.), University of Washington, UW Radiology-Roosevelt Clinic, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Box 354755, Seattle, WA 98105; Cancer Immunology Project, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Philadelphia, Pa (N.K.); and Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC (M.M.)
| | - Brian Mau
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention (S.H., A.P., F.S.Z., M.C.), Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging (B.M., D.C., A.A.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (B.M.), University of Washington, UW Radiology-Roosevelt Clinic, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Box 354755, Seattle, WA 98105; Cancer Immunology Project, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Philadelphia, Pa (N.K.); and Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC (M.M.)
| | - Nastaran Khalili
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention (S.H., A.P., F.S.Z., M.C.), Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging (B.M., D.C., A.A.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (B.M.), University of Washington, UW Radiology-Roosevelt Clinic, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Box 354755, Seattle, WA 98105; Cancer Immunology Project, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Philadelphia, Pa (N.K.); and Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC (M.M.)
| | - Mark Murphey
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention (S.H., A.P., F.S.Z., M.C.), Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging (B.M., D.C., A.A.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (B.M.), University of Washington, UW Radiology-Roosevelt Clinic, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Box 354755, Seattle, WA 98105; Cancer Immunology Project, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Philadelphia, Pa (N.K.); and Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC (M.M.)
| | - Majid Chalian
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention (S.H., A.P., F.S.Z., M.C.), Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging (B.M., D.C., A.A.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (B.M.), University of Washington, UW Radiology-Roosevelt Clinic, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Box 354755, Seattle, WA 98105; Cancer Immunology Project, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Philadelphia, Pa (N.K.); and Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Swami VG, Demicco EG, Naraghi A, White LM. Soft tissue solitary fibrous tumors of the musculoskeletal system: spectrum of MRI appearances and characteristic imaging features. Skeletal Radiol 2022; 51:807-817. [PMID: 34430995 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) uncommonly occur in the musculoskeletal system, with limited available data on their MRI appearance. This study was performed to assess the MRI features of SFTs in the musculoskeletal system (MSK-SFTs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Pre-treatment MRI in 39 patients with pathologically proven SFTs in the trunk or extremities was evaluated. Patient demographics, clinical management and follow-up, and lesion histology were reviewed. MRI features including lesion location, size, morphology, signal characteristics, vascularity, and relationship to major neurovascular structures were assessed. RESULTS MSK-SFTs most frequently occurred in the lower extremity (23/39 cases, 59%), deep to fascia (29/39, 74%), and intermuscular (22/29, 76%) in location. The majority of deep lesions were located along a major neurovascular bundle (20/29, 69%). Lesions had well-defined margins (39/39, 100%), multilobulated contours (27/39, 69%), and measured mean 6.9 ± 2.8 cm. The majority of lesions had slightly hyperintense T1 signal (34/39, 87%) and heterogenous intermediate-to-high T2/STIR signal (28/38, 74%). A "pseudo-cerebriform" internal architectural pattern on fluid-sensitive sequences, with internal lobulations and low signal bands/septations, was observed in 63% (24/38) of lesions. Lesions commonly demonstrated prominent intra-lesional (30/39, 75%) and peripheral juxta-lesional flow voids. Local invasion of surrounding structures was uncommon (3/39, 8%). Mitotically active lesions (p = 0.02) and lesions with tumor necrosis (p < 0.01) were larger in size. Tumor necrosis was associated with T1 heterogeneity (p = 0.04). Distant metastasis occurred in 10% (4/39) of patients, all in mitotically active lesions pre-operatively considered at least at intermediate risk of metastasis. CONCLUSION MSK-SFTs commonly present as well-defined, hypervascular masses deep to fascia along major neurovascular bundles, with heterogeneous slightly hyperintense T1 signal, intermediate-to-high T2/STIR signal, and prominent macroscopic flow voids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vimarsha G Swami
- Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G1X5, Canada
| | - Elizabeth G Demicco
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G1X5, Canada
| | - Ali Naraghi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G1X5, Canada
| | - Lawrence M White
- Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G1X5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Finkelstein D, Foremny G, Singer A, Clifford P, Pretell-Mazzini J, Kerr DA, Subhawong TK. Differential diagnosis of T2 hypointense masses in musculoskeletal MRI. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:1981-1994. [PMID: 33651128 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Many soft tissue masses have an indeterminate appearance on MRI, often displaying varying degrees and extent of T2 hyperintensity. However, a subset of neoplasms and tumor-like lesions may exhibit prominent areas of T2 hypointensity relative to skeletal muscle. The hypointensity observed on T2-weighted MRI can be caused by a variety of substances, including evolving blood products, calcifications or other inorganic crystals, or fibrous tissue. Carefully evaluating the presence and pattern of T2 hypointensity in soft tissue masses and considering potential causes in their associated clinical contexts can help to narrow the differential diagnosis among neoplastic and non-neoplastic possibilities. These include endometriosis, aneurysmal bone cysts, tenosynovial giant cell tumor, arteriovenous malformation and pseudoaneurysm, calcium pyrophosphate and hydroxyapatite deposition diseases, tumoral calcinosis, gout, amyloidosis, hemangiomas with phleboliths, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, ossifying fibromyxoid tumor, collagenous fibroma, desmoid-type fibromatosis, myxofibrosarcoma, peripheral nerve sheath tumors, dedifferentiated liposarcoma, and treated sarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dara Finkelstein
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Ave, JMH WW 279, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gregory Foremny
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Ave, JMH WW 279, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Adam Singer
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Paul Clifford
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Ave, JMH WW 279, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Juan Pretell-Mazzini
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Darcy A Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Ty K Subhawong
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Ave, JMH WW 279, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|