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Jiang B, Zhou H, Xie X, Xia T, Ke C. Down-regulation of zinc finger protein 335 undermines natural killer cell function in mouse colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25721. [PMID: 38375265 PMCID: PMC10875430 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells constitute an active and potent anti-tumor effector population against multiple malignancies. NK cells exploit tumoricidal machinery to restrain colorectal carcinoma (CRC) expansion and invasion. Nonetheless, it is becoming increasingly evident that functional exhaustion considerably compromises the potency of NK cells in patients with CRC. To elucidate the factors that impair NK cell function in the context of CRC, we determined the role of zinc finger protein 335 (ZFP335) in modulating NK cell activity in mouse CRC induced by azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium. ZFP335 was profoundly decreased in NK cells in mesenteric lymph nodes of CRC-bearing mice. ZFP335 was especially diminished in NK cells that were both phenotypically and functionally exhausted. Besides, effective ZFP335 knockdown markedly undermined NK cell proliferation, tumoricidal protein production, degranulation, and cytotoxic efficacy on malignant cells, strongly suggesting that ZFP335 reinforces NK cell function. Importantly, ZFP335 knockdown lowered the expression of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and Janus kinase 3 (JAK3), both of which play crucial roles in NK cell homeostasis and activation. Collectively, ZFP335 down-regulation is essential for NK cell exhaustion in mesenteric lymph nodes of mice with CRC. We discovered a new ZFP335-JAK1/3 signaling pathway that modulates NK cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia, and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Hongjian Zhou
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia, and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Xingwang Xie
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia, and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Tian Xia
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia, and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Chao Ke
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia, and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
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Tanis JB, Simlett-Moss AB, Ossowksa M, Maddox TW, Guillem J, Lopez-Jimenez C, Polton G, Burrow R, Finotello R. Canine anal sac gland carcinoma with regional lymph node metastases treated with sacculectomy and lymphadenectomy: Outcome and possible prognostic factors. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:276-292. [PMID: 34590408 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The staging system commonly used in canine anal sac gland carcinoma (ASGC) is a revised Tumour-Node-Metastasis (TNM) system published in 2007. This staging system consists in four stages and, for dogs with nodal metastases, the size of the metastatic lymph node (mLN) defines the N stage. However, we hypothesise that (1) the mLN size has no prognostic significance when the mLN can be excised, (2) a high number of mLNs is associated with poorer prognosis and (3) the measurement of the mLN on imaging is not reproducible. To investigate these hypotheses, medical records and diagnostic images of dogs with ASGC and mLN, treated with sacculectomy and lymphadenectomy, with or without chemotherapy, were reviewed. Interobserver variability for mLN measurement was assessed. Prognostic factors including mLN size and number were investigated. Time to documented progression (TDP) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were evaluated. Progression-free interval (PFI) was analysed with interval-censored data analysis. Fifty-seven dogs were included. The median PFI, TDP and DSS were 110 (95%CI 61.5-185.5), 196 (95%CI 162-283) and 340 days (95%CI 321-471), respectively. For measurement of the largest mLN, interobserver agreement was excellent but limits of agreement reached 39.7%. Neither the size of the largest mLN nor the use of adjuvant chemotherapy were associated with outcome. The number of mLNs was associated with outcome and having more than four mLNs was associated with shorter PFI (p < .001), TDP (p = .004) and DSS (p < .001). While mLN size measurement was not consistently reproducible and did not influence outcome in our cohort, number of mLNs did. Further studies are required for development of a revised staging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Benoit Tanis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Angharad B Simlett-Moss
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Malgorzata Ossowksa
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Thomas W Maddox
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - James Guillem
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | | | - Gerry Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, UK
| | - Rachel Burrow
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK.,Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Runcorn, UK
| | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal malignancies encompass a variety of primary tumor sites, each with different staging criteria and treatment approaches. In this review we discuss technical aspects of 18F-FDG-PET/CT scanning to optimize information from both the PET and computed tomography components. Specific applications for 18F-FDG-PET/CT are summarized for initial staging and follow-up of the major disease sites, including esophagus, stomach, hepatobiliary system, pancreas, colon, rectum, and anus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Howard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotheranostics, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3949, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Terence Z Wong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotheranostics, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3949, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Blei F. Update August 2020. Lymphat Res Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2020.29088.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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