1
|
Wang T, Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhang X, Li D, Wei J. A SNP of miR-146a is involved in bladder cancer relapse by affecting the function of bladder cancer stem cells via the miR-146a signallings. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8545-8556. [PMID: 32596945 PMCID: PMC7412697 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR‐146a‐5p in urine samples was recently reported to be possibly used as a prognostic marker for bladder cancer (BC). Interestingly, YAP1 and COX2 were both demonstrated to function as stem cell regulators in BC. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to establish the molecular mechanism underlying the role of miR‐146a, YAP1 and COX2 in BC relapse. We also studied the possibility of using the C > G genotype of miR‐146a rs2910164 SNP as an indicator of BC relapse. A total of 170 BC patients were assigned into different groups based on their genotypes of rs2910164 SNP. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were plotted to compare the recurrence‐free rate among these groups. Real‐time PCR, Western Blot, bioinformatic analysis, luciferase assay and IHC assay were conducted to study the role of rs2910164 SNP in the progression of BC. Accordingly, GC/CC‐genotyped patients presented a higher risk of recurrence when compared with GG‐genotyped patients, while the expression of BC regulators was influenced by the presence of rs2910164. COX2 mRNA and YAP1 mRNA were, respectively, validated as direct target genes of miR‐146a, and the expression of YAP1 and COX2 mRNA/protein was both suppressed by miR‐146a precursors. The expression of ALDH1A1 mRNA/protein was inhibited upon the down‐regulation of YAP1, while the expression of let7 and SOX2 mRNA/protein was inhibited upon the down‐regulation of COX2. In conclusion, two signalling pathways, miR‐146a/YAP1/ALDH1A1 and miR‐146a/COX2/PGE2/let7/SOX2, were modulated by miR‐146a. As an SNP regulating the expression of miR‐146a, the rs2910164 G > C SNP could be utilized as a biomarker for BC relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianen Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuechong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinxing Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Polymorphisms of genes encoding cytokines predict the risk of high-grade bladder cancer and outcomes of BCG immunotherapy. Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 45:37-47. [PMID: 32425678 PMCID: PMC7226548 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.94674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study investigated the association of cytokines genes polymorphisms (IL-2, IL-8 and IL-18) and polymorphisms in genes encoding molecules related to the differentiation of Th17 subpopulation (IL-17 and IL-23R) with the risk of bladder cancer (BC) and response to BCG immunotherapy. Material and methods Altogether, 175 BC patients treated with BCG due to high-grade non-muscle invasive tumors and 207 healthy individuals were genotyped for the following polymorphisms: IL-17A-197G>A (rs2275913); IL-17F+7488T>C (rs763780); IL-23Rc.309C>A (rs10889677);IL-23Rc.1142G>A (rs11209026); IL-2-330T>G (rs2069762), IL-8-251A>T (rs4073), and IL-18-137G>C (rs187238) using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. Results The IL-23Rc.-309C>A[A] allele was associated with the risk of BC (OR: 1.42, p = 0.03). Moreover, heterozygocities for IL-17A-197G>A[GA] and IL-18-137G>C[GC] increased the risk of BC, as compared to both homozygotes (OR: 1.67, p = 0.01 and OR: 1.84, p = 0.008, respectively). The IL-18-137G>C[GC] heterozygous patients had the highest risk of tumor recurrence and progression, and the worst recurrence-free and progression-free survival. Homozygous IL-17A-197G>A[GG] patients presented the best recurrence-free survival, while IL-17A-197G>A[AA] patients had 1.8-fold higher risk of recurrence. Conclusions The present study highlighted the importance of IL-17, IL-18, and IL-23R gene polymorphisms for BC susceptibility and BCG immunotherapy outcomes. It may help to identify appropriate candidates for early radical treatment.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu S, Yang Z, Ye R, An D, Li C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Huang Y, Liu H, Li F, He L, Sun D, Yu Y, Li Q, Huang P, Zhang M, Zhao X, Bi T, Zhuang X, Zhang L, Lu J, Sun X, Zhou F, Liu C, Yang G, Hou Y, Fan Z, Cai Z. Novel variants in MLL confer to bladder cancer recurrence identified by whole-exome sequencing. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2629-45. [PMID: 26625313 PMCID: PMC4823060 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is distinguished by high rate of recurrence after surgery, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we performed the whole-exome sequencing of 37 BC individuals including 20 primary and 17 recurrent samples in which the primary and recurrent samples were not from the same patient. We uncovered that MLL, EP400, PRDM2, ANK3 and CHD5 exclusively altered in recurrent BCs. Specifically, the recurrent BCs and bladder cancer cells with MLL mutation displayed increased histone H3 tri-methyl K4 (H3K4me3) modification in tissue and cell levels and showed enhanced expression of GATA4 and ETS1 downstream. What's more, MLL mutated bladder cancer cells obtained with CRISPR/Cas9 showed increased ability of drug-resistance to epirubicin (a chemotherapy drug for bladder cancer) than wild type cells. Additionally, the BC patients with high expression of GATA4 and ETS1 significantly displayed shorter lifespan than patients with low expression. Our study provided an overview of the genetic basis of recrudescent bladder cancer and discovered that genetic alterations of MLL were involved in BC relapse. The increased modification of H3K4me3 and expression of GATA4 and ETS1 would be the promising targets for the diagnosis and therapy of relapsed bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Wu
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Urological Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Ye
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan An
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Urological Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Urological Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Luyun He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Da Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jingxiao Lu
- Department of Urological Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojuan Sun
- Department of Urological Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guosheng Yang
- Guangdong Second People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zusen Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Department of Urological Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Variation in the Dicer and RAN Genes Are Associated with Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162279. [PMID: 27611467 PMCID: PMC5017754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNA machinery genes might affect microRNA processing and subsequently impact tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between SNPs in microRNA machinery genes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a Korean population. Genotyping of six SNPs in microRNA machinery genes was performed using blood samples from 147 patients with HCC and 209 healthy control subjects. None of the six SNPs in microRNA machinery genes were significantly associated with HCC development. However, among the models for six polymorphic loci—DICER (rs3742330 and rs13078), DROSHA (rs10719 and rs6877842), RAN (rs14035) and XPO5 (rs11077)—one allele combination (A-A-T-C-C-C) showed synergistic effects in terms of an increased risk of HCC development (odds ratio = 8.881, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.889–41.750; P = 0.002). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed a significant survival benefit for the DICER rs3742330 GG compared with the AA type (hazard ratio [HR], 0.314; 95% CI, 0.135–0.730; P = 0.007) and for the RAN rs14035 CT compared with the CC genotype (HR, 0.587; 95% CI, 0.349–0.987; P = 0.044). Although we found no direct association between DICER (rs3742330 and rs13078), DROSHA (rs10719 and rs6877842), RAN (rs14035) or XPO5 (rs11077) polymorphisms and HCC risk, we demonstrated that DICER (rs3742330) and RAN (rs14035) were associated with the survival of HCC patients. Future studies with larger samples are needed to determine associations of SNPs in microRNA machinery genes with HCC risk and prognosis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lima L, Oliveira D, Ferreira JA, Tavares A, Cruz R, Medeiros R, Santos L. The role of functional polymorphisms in immune response genes as biomarkers of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy outcome in bladder cancer: establishment of a predictive profile in a Southern Europe population. BJU Int 2015; 116:753-63. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Lima
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group; Portuguese Institute of Oncology; Porto Portugal
- ICBAS; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
- Nucleo de Investigação em Farmácia - Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA); School of Allied Health Sciences - Polytechnic Institute of Oporto; Porto Portugal
- LPCC; Research Department-Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte); Porto Portugal
| | - Daniela Oliveira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group; Portuguese Institute of Oncology; Porto Portugal
| | - José A. Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group; Portuguese Institute of Oncology; Porto Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Center of the University of Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
| | - Ana Tavares
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group; Portuguese Institute of Oncology; Porto Portugal
- Department of Pathology; Portuguese Institute of Oncology; Porto Portugal
| | - Ricardo Cruz
- Department of Urology; Portuguese Institute of Oncology; Porto Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- LPCC; Research Department-Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte); Porto Portugal
- Molecular Oncology Group; Portuguese Institute of Oncology; Porto Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
- Health Faculty of University Fernando Pessoa; Porto Portugal
| | - Lúcio Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group; Portuguese Institute of Oncology; Porto Portugal
- Health Faculty of University Fernando Pessoa; Porto Portugal
- Department of Surgical Oncology; Portuguese Institute of Oncology; Porto Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Grotenhuis AJ, Vermeulen SH, Kiemeney LA. Germline genetic markers for urinary bladder cancer risk, prognosis and treatment response. Future Oncol 2011; 6:1433-60. [PMID: 20919828 DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
After decades of research using a candidate gene approach, only NAT2 and GSTM1 have consistently been demonstrated to be germline genetic susceptibility markers for urinary bladder cancer (UBC). The recent shift to an agnostic genome-wide association approach led to the identification of several UBC susceptibility loci, and provided valuable leads for new mechanistic insights into UBC carcinogenesis. The markers do not have sufficient discriminatory ability yet to be applied for risk assessment in the population and the question is whether they ever will. Prognostic and predictive studies in UBC are still in their infancy compared with etiologic studies. In the future, focus on a genome-wide association approach possibly using whole-genome sequence data, consortia formation and meta-analyses, and blood and tumor tissue collection, preferably in the context of randomized controlled trials will stimulate well designed and sufficiently powered studies, and thereby enhance the elucidation of genetic prognostic and predictive markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Grotenhuis
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & HTA, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin J, Horikawa Y, Tamboli P, Clague J, Wood CG, Wu X. Genetic variations in microRNA-related genes are associated with survival and recurrence in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1805-12. [PMID: 20732906 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We took a polygenic approach to evaluate the effects of 41 potentially functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNAs (miRNAs)-related genes on survival and recurrence among renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. During a median follow-up of 21.8 months, among 316 RCC patients, 64 died and 56 developed recurrence. In single-SNP analysis, we identified seven SNPs significantly associated with RCC survival and five SNPs with recurrence. The most significant associations were SNPs in GEMIN4 with the variant alleles of both rs7813 and rs910925 associated with 1.74-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15-2.62] increased risk of death, whereas the variant allele of rs3744741 conferred a decreased risk of death [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.19-0.77]. Several SNPs belonging to the pre-miRNA and were identified to be significantly associated with RCC recurrence. Haplotypes of DICER and DROSHA were also associated with altered patient survival and recurrence. More importantly, we observed cumulative effects of multiple SNPs on RCC survival. Compared with subjects carrying zero to two unfavorable genotypes, those carrying three to five and six and more unfavorable genotypes had an increased risk of death with a HR of 2.49 (95% CI = 1.24-5.00) and 6.66 (95% CI = 2.49-17.86), respectively, with significant dose-response trend (P for trend<0.001). As the first study of miRNA-related genetic polymorphisms on RCC clinical outcome, our results strongly suggested that miRNA-related SNPs may impact the recurrence and survival in RCC patients. Future investigation in larger populations and functional characterizations are necessary to validate these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ørntoft TF, Dyrskjøt L. Gene signatures for risk-adapted treatment of bladder cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010:166-74. [DOI: 10.1080/03008880802283730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torben F. Ørntoft
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Apolo AB, Milowsky M, Bajorin DF. Clinical states model for biomarkers in bladder cancer. Future Oncol 2009; 5:977-92. [PMID: 19792967 DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a significant healthcare problem in the USA, with a high recurrence rate, the need for expensive continuous surveillance and limited treatment options for patients with advanced disease. Research has contributed to an understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of bladder cancer, and that understanding has led to the discovery of potentially diagnostic, predictive and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, a clinical states model of bladder cancer is introduced and integrated into a paradigm for biomarker development. Biomarkers are systematically incorporated with predefined end points to aid in clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B Apolo
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Saban R, Simpson C, Davis CA, Dozmorov I, Maier J, Fowler B, Ihnat MA, Hurst RE, Wershil BK, Saban MR. Transcription factor network downstream of protease activated receptors (PARs) modulating mouse bladder inflammation. BMC Immunol 2007; 8:17. [PMID: 17705868 PMCID: PMC2000913 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-8-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All four PARs are present in the urinary bladder, and their expression is altered during inflammation. In order to search for therapeutic targets other than the receptors themselves, we set forth to determine TFs downstream of PAR activation in the C57BL/6 urinary bladders. METHODS For this purpose, we used a protein/DNA combo array containing 345 different TF consensus sequences. Next, the TF selected was validated by EMSA and IHC. As mast cells seem to play a fundamental role in bladder inflammation, we determined whether c-kit receptor deficient (Kit w/Kit w-v) mice have an abrogated response to PAR stimulation. Finally, TFEB antibody was used for CHIP/Q-PCR assay and revealed up-regulation of genes known to be downstream of TFEB. RESULTS TFEB, a member of the MiTF family of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper, was the only TF commonly up-regulated by all PAR-APs. IHC results confirm a correlation between inflammation and TFEB expression in C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, Kit w/Kit w-v mice did not exhibit inflammation in response to PAR activation. EMSA results confirmed the increased TFEB binding activity in C57BL/6 but not in Kit w/Kit w-v mice. CONCLUSION This is the first report describing the increased expression of TFEB in bladder inflammation in response to PAR activation. As TFEB belongs to a family of TFs essential for mast cell survival, our findings suggest that this molecule may influence the participation of mast cells in PAR-mediated inflammation and that targeting TFEB/MiTF activity may be a novel approach for the treatment of bladder inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Saban
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Cindy Simpson
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Carole A Davis
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Imaging Core Facility, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Julie Maier
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Microarray/Euk. Genomics Core Facility, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104. USA
| | - Ben Fowler
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Microarray/Euk. Genomics Core Facility, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104. USA
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Cell Biology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Robert E Hurst
- Department of Urology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Barry K Wershil
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine Division of Pediatric GI and Nutrition The Children's Hospital at Montefiore Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Marcia R Saban
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Saban R, D'Andrea MR, Andrade-Gordon P, Derian CK, Dozmorov I, Ihnat MA, Hurst RE, Simpson C, Saban MR. Regulatory network of inflammation downstream of proteinase-activated receptors. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 7:3. [PMID: 17397547 PMCID: PMC1853107 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-7-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Protease-activated receptors (PAR) are present in the urinary bladder, and their expression is altered in response to inflammation. PARs are a unique class of G protein-coupled that carry their own ligands, which remain cryptic until unmasked by proteolytic cleavage. Although the canonical signal transduction pathway downstream of PAR activation and coupling with various G proteins is known and leads to the rapid transcription of genes involved in inflammation, the effect of PAR activation on the downstream transcriptome is unknown. We have shown that intravesical administration of PAR-activating peptides leads to an inflammatory reaction characterized by edema and granulocyte infiltration. Moreover, the inflammatory response to intravesical instillation of known pro-inflammatory stimuli such as E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), substance P (SP), and antigen was strongly attenuated by PAR1- and to a lesser extent by PAR2-deficiency. Results Here, cDNA array experiments determined inflammatory genes whose expression is dependent on PAR1 activation. For this purpose, we compared the alteration in gene expression in wild type and PAR1-/- mice induced by classical pro-inflammatory stimuli (LPS, SP, and antigen). 75 transcripts were considered to be dependent on PAR-1 activation and further annotated in silico by Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) and gene ontology (GO). Selected transcripts were target validated by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR). Among PAR1-dependent transcripts, the following have been implicated in the inflammatory process: b2m, ccl7, cd200, cd63, cdbpd, cfl1, dusp1, fkbp1a, fth1, hspb1, marcksl1, mmp2, myo5a, nfkbia, pax1, plaur, ppia, ptpn1, ptprcap, s100a10, sim2, and tnfaip2. However, a balanced response to signals of injury requires a transient cellular activation of a panel of genes together with inhibitory systems that temper the overwhelming inflammation. In this context, the activation of genes such as dusp1 and nfkbia seems to counter-balance the inflammatory response to PAR activation by limiting prolonged activation of p38 MAPK and increased cytokine production. In contrast, transcripts such as arf6 and dcnt1 that are involved in the mechanism of PAR re-sensitization would tend to perpetuate the inflammatory reaction in response to common pro-inflammatory stimuli. Conclusion The combination of cDNA array results and genomic networks reveals an overriding participation of PAR1 in bladder inflammation, provides a working model for the involvement of downstream signaling, and evokes testable hypotheses regarding the transcriptome downstream of PAR1 activation. It remains to be determined whether or not mechanisms targeting PAR1 gene silencing or PAR1 blockade will ameliorate the clinical manifestation of cystitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Saban
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael R D'Andrea
- J&J Pharmaceutical Research and Development Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | | | - Claudia K Derian
- J&J Pharmaceutical Research and Development Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Microarray/Euk. Genomics Core Facility, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Cell Biology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Robert E Hurst
- Department of Urology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Cindy Simpson
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Marcia R Saban
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Saban R, D'Andrea MR, Andrade-Gordon P, Derian CK, Dozmorov I, Ihnat MA, Hurst RE, Davis CA, Simpson C, Saban MR. Mandatory role of proteinase-activated receptor 1 in experimental bladder inflammation. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 7:4. [PMID: 17397548 PMCID: PMC1853108 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-7-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background In general, inflammation plays a role in most bladder pathologies and represents a defense reaction to injury that often times is two edged. In particular, bladder neurogenic inflammation involves the participation of mast cells and sensory nerves. Increased mast cell numbers and tryptase release represent one of the prevalent etiologic theories for interstitial cystitis and other urinary bladder inflammatory conditions. The activity of mast cell-derived tryptase as well as thrombin is significantly increased during inflammation. Those enzymes activate specific G-protein coupled proteinase-activated receptors (PAR)s. Four PARs have been cloned so far, and not only are all four receptors highly expressed in different cell types of the mouse urinary bladder, but their expression is altered during experimental bladder inflammation. We hypothesize that PARs may link mast cell-derived proteases to bladder inflammation and, therefore, play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of cystitis. Results Here, we demonstrate that in addition to the mouse urinary bladder, all four PA receptors are also expressed in the J82 human urothelial cell line. Intravesical administration of PAR-activating peptides in mice leads to an inflammatory reaction characterized by edema and granulocyte infiltration. Moreover, the inflammatory response to intravesical instillation of known pro-inflammatory stimuli such as E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), substance P, and antigen was strongly attenuated by PAR1-, and to a lesser extent, by PAR2-deficiency. Conclusion Our results reveal an overriding participation of PAR1 in bladder inflammation, provide a working model for the involvement of downstream signaling, and evoke testable hypotheses regarding the role of PARs in bladder inflammation. It remains to be determined whether or not mechanisms targeting PAR1 gene silencing or PAR1 blockade will ameliorate the clinical manifestations of cystitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Saban
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael R D'Andrea
- J&J Pharmaceutical Research and Development Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | | | - Claudia K Derian
- J&J Pharmaceutical Research and Development Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Microarray/Euk. Genomics Core Facility, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Cell Biology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Robert E Hurst
- Department of Urology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Carole A Davis
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Cindy Simpson
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Marcia R Saban
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|