1
|
Mahesh PA, Moitra S, Mabalirajan U, Garg M, Malamardi S, Vedanthan PK, Christopher DJ, Agrawal A, Krishna MT. Allergic diseases in India - Prevalence, risk factors and current challenges. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:276-294. [PMID: 36181726 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases in India during the last two decades. However, recent evidence from the Global Asthma Network study has observed a decrease in allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis in children. Still, with a population over 1.3 billion, there is a huge burden of allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis, and this is compounded by an unmet demand for trained allergy specialists and poor health service framework. There is wide variation in the prevalence of allergic diseases between different geographical locations in India, and the reasons are unclear at present. This may at least in part be attributable to considerable heterogeneity in aero-biology, weather, air pollution levels, cultural and religious factors, diet, socioeconomic strata and literacy. At present, factors enhancing risks and those protecting from development of atopy and allergic diseases have not been well delineated, although there is some evidence for the influence of genetic factors alongside cultural and environmental variables such as diet, exposure to tobacco smoke and air pollution and residence in urban areas. This narrative review provides an overview of data from India regarding epidemiology, risk factors and genetics and highlights gaps in evidence as well as areas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padukudru Anand Mahesh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Saibal Moitra
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkota, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Center of Excellence, Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mayank Garg
- Center of Excellence, Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sowmya Malamardi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India.,School of Psychology & Public Health, College of Science Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pudupakkam K Vedanthan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Anurag Agrawal
- Center of Excellence, Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mamidipudi Thirumala Krishna
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Laha A, Moitra S, Podder S. A review on aero-allergen induced allergy in India. Clin Exp Allergy 2023. [PMID: 36756731 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, rhinitis and eczema are an important public health issue globally in 21st century. Their prevalence and impact in India is high, in terms of total numbers of people affected. Due to diverse climate and lifestyle, the Indian population is exposed to a rich and varied range of aerobiological particles. In the last two decades in India, 83 pollens, 34 fungi, six dust mite and 19 insect species were reported as allergenic, often contributing to heavy allergenic exposure in indoor and outdoor environments. There are currently few practitioners who offer allergy diagnosis and treatment in India, but there is active basic and molecular research aiming to improve the health of allergic patients. This review explores the field of aero-allergy in India during the last two decades, with special emphasis on prevalence across various centres and relevant scientific advances such as genetic associations and new therapeutics. This review will be helpful for clinicians to select aero-allergens for sensitisation testing in patients suffering from symptoms in different regions of India, and to support patients undertaking prophylaxis of allergic symptoms in India according to local environmental conditions. This study also helps to define patient selection for allergy testing and the role of test results in guiding allergic disease management in the Indian context. Finally, we summarize genetic findings relevant to aero-allergy in India and discuss the development of novel therapeutics for investigation and management of aero-allergy in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Laha
- Ecology and Allergology Lab, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Saibal Moitra
- Apollo Multispecialty Hospitals, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjoy Podder
- Ecology and Allergology Lab, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pecak M, Korošec P, Kunej T. Multiomics Data Triangulation for Asthma Candidate Biomarkers and Precision Medicine. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 22:392-409. [PMID: 29927718 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a common complex disorder and has been subject to intensive omics research for disease susceptibility and therapeutic innovation. Candidate biomarkers of asthma and its precision treatment demand that they stand the test of multiomics data triangulation before they can be prioritized for clinical applications. We classified the biomarkers of asthma after a search of the literature and based on whether or not a given biomarker candidate is reported in multiple omics platforms and methodologies, using PubMed and Web of Science, we identified omics studies of asthma conducted on diverse platforms using keywords, such as asthma, genomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics. We extracted data about asthma candidate biomarkers from 73 articles and developed a catalog of 190 potential asthma biomarkers (167 human, 23 animal data), comprising DNA loci, transcripts, proteins, metabolites, epimutations, and noncoding RNAs. The data were sorted according to 13 omics types: genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, interactomics, metabolomics, ncRNAomics, glycomics, lipidomics, environmental omics, pharmacogenomics, phenomics, and integrative omics. Importantly, we found that 10 candidate biomarkers were apparent in at least two or more omics levels, thus promising potential for further biomarker research and development and precision medicine applications. This multiomics catalog reported herein for the first time contributes to future decision-making on prioritization of biomarkers and validation efforts for precision medicine in asthma. The findings may also facilitate meta-analyses and integrative omics studies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matija Pecak
- 1 Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana , Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Peter Korošec
- 2 Laboratory for Clinical Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases , Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Kunej
- 1 Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana , Domzale, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yucesoy B, Kissling GE, Johnson VJ, Lummus ZL, Gautrin D, Cartier A, Boulet LP, Sastre J, Quirce S, Tarlo SM, Cruz MJ, Munoz X, Luster MI, Bernstein DI. N-Acetyltransferase 2 Genotypes Are Associated With Diisocyanate-Induced Asthma. J Occup Environ Med 2015; 57:1331-6. [PMID: 26641831 PMCID: PMC5215051 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether genetic variants of N-acetyltransferase (NAT) genes are associated with diisocyanate asthma (DA). METHODS The study population consisted of 354 diisocyanate-exposed workers. Genotyping was performed using a 5'-nuclease polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS The NAT2 rs2410556 and NAT2 rs4271002 variants were significantly associated with DA in the univariate analysis. In the first logistic regression model comparing DA+ and asymptomatic worker groups, the rs2410556 (P = 0.004) and rs4271002 (P < 0.001) single nucleotide polymorphisms and the genotype combination, NAT2 rs4271002*NAT1 rs11777998, showed associations with DA risk (P = 0.014). In the second model comparing DA+ and DA- groups, NAT2 rs4271002 variant and the combined genotype, NAT1 rs8190845*NAT2 rs13277605, were significantly associated with DA risk (P = 0.022, P = 0.036, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that variations in the NAT2 gene and their interactions contribute to DA susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berran Yucesoy
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology (Drs Yucesoy, Lummus, and Bernstein), University of Cincinnati, Ohio; NIEHS/NIH (Dr Kissling), Research Triangle Park; BRT-Burleson Research Technologies (Dr Johnson), Morrisville, North Carolina; Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (Drs Gautrin and Cartier), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec; Hôpital Laval (Dr Boulet), Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada; Department of Allergy (Dr Sastre), Fundación Jiménez Díaz and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES; Department of Allergy (Dr Quirce), Hospital La Paz-IdiPAZ and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Dr Tarlo), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hospitals Vall D'Hebron (Drs Cruz and Munoz), Barcelona and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain; and School of Public Health (Dr Luster), West Virginia University, Morgantown
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
NAT2 slow acetylation genotypes contribute to asthma risk among Caucasians: evidence from 946 cases and 1,091 controls. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:1849-55. [PMID: 24442317 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
NAT2 plays a critical role in external chemical detoxification. Thus, polymorphism of NAT2 has been suggested to associate with several disorders. A number of studies have been devoted to the relationship between NAT2 polymorphism and asthma risk. However, the results were inconclusive. In this study we aimed to derive a more precise estimation of the association. A literature search in the common databases was conducted and then meta-analyses evaluating the association of NAT2 polymorphism and asthma risk were performed. Eligible studies were identified for the period up to May 2013. A total of five case-control studies containing 946 cases and 1,091 controls were lastly included for analysis. The overall data showed that slow acetylators of NAT2 might have an association with increased asthma risk (OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.31-3.72). The pooled data suggest that slow acetylators of NAT2 might contribute to asthma risk among Caucasians. Future studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chamorro JG, Castagnino JP, Musella RM, Nogueras M, Aranda FM, Frías A, Visca M, Aidar O, Perés S, de Larrañaga GF. Sex, ethnicity, and slow acetylator profile are the major causes of hepatotoxicity induced by antituberculosis drugs. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013. [PMID: 23190413 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Treatment with antituberculosis (TB) drugs produces liver damage in a large proportion of patients. Isoniazid, an antibacterial drug, is primarily responsible for this hepatotoxicity. Several polymorphisms of the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT-2) and cytochrome P450 2E1 enzymes, which are involved in the metabolism of isoniazid, may be directly associated with the development of hepatotoxicity. This study was designed to analyze the association between the NAT-2 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms with the development of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH). METHODS One hundred and seventy-five TB patients who had been treated with anti-TB drugs were studied. The allelic and genotypic frequency distributions of the NAT-2 and CYP2E1 enzymes were studied using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms methodology. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to compare the results between TB patients with and without the development of hepatotoxicity. RESULTS Having a slow acetylator status (odds ratio [OR] = 2.615; confidence interval [CI] = 1.264-5.411; P = 0.01), being female (OR = 2.734; CI = 1.325-5.639, P = 0.006), and having Bolivian ethnicity (OR = 2.711; CI = 1.307-6.625, P = 0.007) were found to be independent predictor variables for ATDH. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that a patient's NAT-2 acetylator status, gender, and ethnic origin may be regarded as important risk factors for developing hepatotoxicity. Contrary to expectations, the CYP2E1 c1/c2 polymorphism did not show a significant association with hepatotoxicity in this study. Given the increases in TB cases and ATDH incidence levels, as well as the associated hospitalization costs, it may also be helpful to know patients' acetylator status prior to or at the beginning of the TB treatment regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julián G Chamorro
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratory, Hospital of Infectious Diseases Dr. F. J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tilak AV, Iyer SN, Mukherjee MS, Singhal RS, Lele SS. Full-gene-sequencing analysis of N-acetyltransferase-2 in an adult Indian population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 17:188-94. [PMID: 23216273 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Drug-metabolizing enzymes play a major role in determining the outcome of drug therapy. N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) is one of the main enzymes involved in metabolism of isoniazid used in treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Several variations in the NAT2 gene give rise to multiple haplotypes that phenotypically code for different acetylator status. The objective was to generate a more unambiguous picture of the NAT2 scenario in India as compared to that obtained from polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. METHODS Full-gene-sequencing analysis of NAT2 was carried out in 181 healthy Indian subjects from different regional groups. RESULTS A total of 33 diplotypes were recorded from six known single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The overall frequency of the slow acetylator haplotypes detected in this study was 65%, followed by 26% and 9% intermediate and rapid acetylators, respectively. Of the slow acetylator alleles, the NAT2*5B/*6A occurred in 25% of the study subjects. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that the frequency of slow acetylator alleles is high in the adult Indian population. Since the prevalence of TB is high in this population, pharmacogenetic testing for NAT2 alleles may be advisable before start of therapy with isoniazid to prevent drug toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini V Tilak
- Food Engineering and Technology Department (FETD), Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Matunga, Mumbai, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Palikhe NS, Kim SH, Nam YH, Ye YM, Park HS. Polymorphisms of Aspirin-Metabolizing Enzymes CYP2C9, NAT2 and UGT1A6 in Aspirin-Intolerant Urticaria. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2011; 3:273-6. [PMID: 21966608 PMCID: PMC3178826 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2011.3.4.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) is metabolized by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 (UGT1A6), cytochrome P4502C9 (CYP2C9), and N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2). Variations in the activities of these enzymes may modulate adverse ASA-related symptoms such as urticaria. We examined whether polymorphisms in the UGT1A6, CYP2C9, and NAT2 genes are related to ASA-intolerant urticaria (AIU). The genotypes of 148 subjects with AIU (AIU group) and 260 normal healthy control subjects (NC group) were analyzed with respect to the following single nucleotide polymorphisms: CYP2C9 -1188T>C and CYP2C9(*)3A1075C; UGT1A6 T181A A>G and UGT1A6 R184S A>C; and NAT2 9796A>T, NAT2 197G>A, NAT2 286G>A, NAT2 9601A>G, and NAT2 9306A>G. There were significant differences in the allele frequencies for the CYP2C9 polymorphisms between the two groups. The frequency of the minor allele CYP2C9 -1188T>C was significantly higher in the AIU group than in the NC group (P=0.005). The frequency of the variant genotype CC was higher in the AIU group compared with the controls in both the co-dominant (P=0.007) and recessive models (P=0.012). The frequency of haplotype 2 [CA] was also significantly higher in the AIU group in both the co-dominant (P=0.006) and dominant models (P=0.012). There was no significant difference in genotype frequencies for any of the UGT1A6 or NAT2 polymorphisms between the two groups. Clinical parameters did not differ according to genotype. These results suggest that the C allele of CYP2C9 -1188T>C may be associated with AIU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nami Shrestha Palikhe
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim JM, Park BL, Park SM, Lee SH, Kim MO, Jung S, Lee EH, Uh ST, Park JS, Choi JS, Kim YH, Kim MK, Choi IS, Cho SH, Choi BW, Park HS, Chang HS, Shin HD, Park CS. Association analysis of N-acetyl transferase-2 polymorphisms with aspirin intolerance among asthmatics. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 11:951-8. [PMID: 20602614 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cysteinyl leukotrienes are inactivated by acetyl coenzyme A-dependent N-acetyltransferase (NAT). Thus, functional alterations of the NAT gene may contribute to the risk of aspirin-intolerant asthma. MATERIALS & METHODS Asthmatics (n = 438) were categorized into aspirin-intolerant asthma (15% or greater decrease in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s or cutaneous reactions, n = 170) or aspirin-tolerant asthma (n = 268) groups. In total, 14 polymorphisms of the NAT2 gene were genotyped by a single-base extension method. RESULTS The distributions of all loci of the 14 SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). Among the 14 SNPs, six common SNPs (minor allele frequency >5%) in a Korean population were used for haplotype construction and further statistical analysis. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that NAT2 -9246G>C and haplotype 2 (TCACGG) were significantly associated with the risk of aspirin-intolerant asthma. The rare allele frequencies of the SNP and Ht2 were significantly higher in the aspirin-intolerant asthma group than in the aspirin-tolerant asthma group (p(corr) = 0.03 and p(corr) = 0.02 in codominant model). CONCLUSION In a large genetic epidemiology study of aspirin-intolerant asthma in a Korean population, genetic polymorphisms of NAT2 were found to be related to a risk of aspirin hypersensitivity among asthmatics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Moo Kim
- Genome Research Center for Allergy & Respiratory Disease, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174 Jung-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-767, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Food allergy, a growing clinical and public health problem in the United States and worldwide, is likely determined by multiple environmental and genetic factors. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in food allergy genetic research. RECENT FINDINGS There is compelling evidence that genetic factors may play a role in food allergy. However, the specific genetic loci that may modulate individual risk of food allergy remain to be identified. To date, only a limited number of candidate gene association studies of food allergy have been reported. Polymorphism(s) in nine genes have been associated with the incidence of food allergy or food allergy severity in at least one study. But most of these findings remain to be replicated in independent populations. In contrast, there are considerable advances in genetics of other allergic diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis. Although asthma and atopic dermatitis often coexist with food allergy, the relevance of their candidate genes to food allergy remains to be evaluated. SUMMARY Genetics in food allergy is a promising research area but is still in its infancy. More studies are needed to dissect susceptible genes of food allergy. A genome-wide association approach may serve as a powerful tool to identify novel genes related to food allergy. Furthermore, the role of gene-environment interaction, gene-gene interaction, and epigenetics in food allergy remains largely unexplored. Given the complex nature of food allergy, future studies need to integrate environment, genomics, and epigenomics in order to better understand the multifaceted etiology and biological mechanisms of food allergy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pawlik A, Juzyszyn Z, Gawronska-Szklarz B. N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) polymorphism in patients with atopic asthma. Arch Med Res 2009; 40:264-7. [PMID: 19608015 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways where, on exposure to allergens, the body mounts an immune response. The etiology of asthma is complex and multifactorial. Rapid and slow acetylators reflect the genetically determined variation in the elimination of xenobiotics. Recent advances have demonstrated the importance of genetic and environmental factors in the development of atopic asthma. Hepatic arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) takes part in the detoxification of some drugs and arylamine xenobiotics. The aim of the present study was to determine the NAT2 polymorphism in patients with atopic asthma. METHODS In the study, 184 unrelated asthmatic patients and 181 healthy controls were included. The mutations at positions 481T, 803G, 590A and 857A of the NAT2 gene were determined by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS The frequency of homozygous fast acetylators did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Compared with the control population, the significant prevalence of slow acetylators in the group of patients with atopic asthma was observed. There was a statistically significant prevalence of subjects with NAT2*5/NAT2*5 and NAT2*5/NAT2*6 genotypes. The risk of an atopic asthma development was 3.4 times greater in slow than in fast acetylators (OR = 3.3657; p <0.000001, 95% CI = 2.1282-5.3228). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NAT2 polymorphism may be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boukouvala S, Westwood IM, Butcher NJ, Fakis G. Current trends in N-acetyltransferase research arising from the 2007 International NAT Workshop. Pharmacogenomics 2008; 9:765-71. [DOI: 10.2217/14622416.9.6.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) research has been influenced in recent years by the rapid progress in genomics, proteomics, structural genomics and other cutting-edge disciplines. To keep up with these advancements, the NAT scientific community has fostered collaboration and exchange of know-how between its members. As a specialized event bringing together experts from many different laboratories, the triennial International NAT Workshop has been instrumental in maintaining this culture over the past ten years. The 2007 Workshop took place in Alexandroupolis, Greece, and covered ongoing research on the structure and enzymatic function of human NATs, the prokaryotic and eukaryotic models for NAT, the mechanisms of NAT gene regulation and expression, the frequencies and effects of polymorphisms in the human NAT genes, and the involvement of NATs in multifactorial diseases, including cancer, allergic conditions, endometriosis and endemic nephropathies. Gene nomenclature issues were also addressed and the participants discussed current trends in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria Boukouvala
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Demetras 19, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Isaac M Westwood
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Neville J Butcher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Giannoulis Fakis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Demetras 19, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Roy PD, Majumder M, Roy B. Pharmacogenomics of anti-TB drugs-related hepatotoxicity. Pharmacogenomics 2008; 9:311-21. [DOI: 10.2217/14622416.9.3.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-TB drug (ATD)-related hepatotoxicity is a worldwide serious medical problem among TB patients. Apart from acting on the bacteria, isoniazid, the principal ATD, is also metabolized by human enzymes to generate toxic chemicals that might cause hepatotoxicity. It has been proposed that the production and elimination of the toxic metabolites depends on the activities of several enzymes, such as N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2), cytochrome P450 oxidase (CYP2E1) and glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1). There is now evidence that DNA sequence variations or polymorphisms at these loci (NAT2, CYP2E1 and GSTM1) could modulate the activities of these enzymes and, hence, the risk of hepatotoxicity. Since the prevalence of polymorphisms is different in worldwide populations, the risk of ATD hepatotoxicity varies in the populations. Thus, the knowledge of polymorphisms at these loci, prior to medication, may be useful in evaluating risk and controlling ATD hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puspita Das Roy
- Human Genetics Unit, Biological Sciences Division, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Mousumi Majumder
- Human Genetics Unit, Biological Sciences Division, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Bidyut Roy
- Human Genetics Unit, Biological Sciences Division, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arif E, Vibhuti A, Alam P, Deepak D, Singh B, Athar M, Pasha MAQ. Association of CYP2E1 and NAT2 gene polymorphisms with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 382:37-42. [PMID: 17442289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detoxification genes are potential candidates in the susceptibility of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Polymorphisms in these genes alter the metabolism of xenobiotics such as present in cigarette smoke. METHODS We conducted a case-control study to investigate total 9 polymorphisms of CYP2E1, CYP2D6 and NAT2 genes by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS The -1053C/T and -1293G/C promoter polymorphisms of CYP2E1 were found to be in complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) (D'=1.00, r(2)=1.0, p<0.0001), whereas -1293G/C and 7632T/A polymorphisms of the same gene were also in significant LD (D'=0.5183, r(2)=1.0, p=0.01) in patients. The patients over-represented the -1293GC+CC genotypes of -1293G/C polymorphism of CYP2E1 (p=0.03) and NAT2*4/7, NAT2()5/6, NAT2*5/7, NAT2*6/6 and NAT2*6/7 genotypes of NAT2 (p=0.01, p=0.039, p=0.01, p=0.032, p=0.006, respectively), resulting in to higher frequency of -1293C (OR=7.02, 95% CI=1.63-30.15, p=0.002), NAT2*6 (OR=1.90, 95% CI=1.27-2.83, p=0.001) and NAT2*7 (OR=2.91, 95% CI=1.65-5.12, p=0.0001) alleles. The 7632T/A and 9893C/G polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and 1934G/A polymorphism of CYP2D6 did not associate with the disease (p>0.05). The haplotypes -1293G:9893C and -1293G:7632T:9893C were under-represented (p<0.001), whereas haplotypes -1293C:7632T, -1293C:9893C, -1293C:9893G and -1293C:7632T:9893C of the 4 CYP2E1 polymorphisms were over-represented in patients (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The CYP2E1 and NAT2 variants associated with COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|