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Abad-Santos F, Aliño SF, Borobia AM, García-Martín E, Gassó P, Maroñas O, Agúndez JAG. Developments in pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, and personalized medicine. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107061. [PMID: 38199278 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics in Western Europe is highly relevant in the worldwide scenario. Despite the usually low institutional support, many research groups, composed of basic and clinical researchers, have been actively working for decades in this field. Their contributions made an international impact and paved the way for further studies and pharmacogenomics implementation in clinical practice. In this manuscript, that makes part of the Special Issue entitled Spanish Pharmacology, we present an analysis of the state of the art of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics research in Europe, we compare it with the developments in Spain, and we summarize the most salient contributions since 1988 to the present, as well as recent developments in the clinical application of pharmacogenomics knowledge. Finally, we present some considerations on how we could improve translation to clinical practice in this specific scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Abad-Santos
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), CIBEREHD, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Salvador F Aliño
- Gene Therapy and Pharmacogenomics Group, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto M Borobia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martín
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Patricia Gassó
- Basic Clinical Practice Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olalla Maroñas
- Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Santiago University Hospital, Genomic Medicine group, Pharmacogenetics and Drug Discovery (GenDeM), CIBERER, Santiago Health Research Institute (IDIS), Galicia, Spain
| | - José A G Agúndez
- Universidad de Extremadura. University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Avda de las Ciencias s/n, 10071 Cáceres, Spain.
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Association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Null Deletions and GSTP1 rs1695 Polymorphism with the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.105632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Context: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as the most common type of primary liver cancer (accounting for 70% - 90% of all liver cancers), is the seventh most common malignancy worldwide. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a specific group of enzymes that are responsible for the detoxification of carcinogens. According to the available literature, genetic variations in this group of enzymes may be associated with the risk of HCC. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null deletions and GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism with the risk of HCC. Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using appropriate keywords to gather relevant data until March 2019. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis, using either fixed- or random-effects models based on the presence of heterogeneity. Results: This meta-analysis pooled 19 studies for GSTM1 null deletions, 14 studies for GSTT1 null deletions, and five studies for GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism. In terms of heterogeneity, the pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated in a random-effects model for both Asian and non-Asian populations. HCC was found to be associated with GSTM1 null deletions (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.00 - 1.58, P = 0.05) and GSTT1 null deletions (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.10 - 1.74, P = 0.005); however, no significant association was found between HCC and GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.86 - 1.50, P = 0.36). Conclusions: We found that GSTM1 and GSTT1 null deletions increased the risk of HCC; however, the GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism did not have a similar effect.
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Role of NSD1 in H2O2-induced GSTM3 suppression. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2757-64. [PMID: 25193115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing protein 1 (NSD1) has been proved to act as a histone methyltransferase and a transcription co-factor to regulate gene expression. However, the role of NSD1 in oxidative stress remains poorly understood. In the present study, we focused on the NSD1 regulation of antioxidant enzyme gene glutathione S-transferase M3 (GSTM3) expression in response to oxidative stress. H2O2 treatment caused the decrease of both NSD1 and GSTM3 expression, and the depletion of NSD1 expression by specific siRNA reversed the H2O2-reduced GSTM3 expression. Furthermore, we investigated NSD1 modulating the transcription of GSTM3 promoter with -63A/C polymorphism closed to TATA box in response to H2O2 by luciferase and in vitro or in vivo DNA-protein binding assays. The promoter activity of GSTM3 with -63A was higher than -63C, and was increased or decreased by the overexpression or depletion of NSD1, but -63C was not influenced. H2O2 repressed the promoter activity of GSTM3 with -63A more than -63C, and the depletion of NSD1 expression weakened H2O2 inhibition on the -63A promoter, but augmented H2O2 inhibition on the -63C promoter. In addition, NSD1 interacted with RNAPII and bound to GSTM3 -63A/C TATA box, with higher binding affinity to -63A than to -63C. These data indicated that NSD1 implicated in H2O2-induced oxidative stress, and H2O2-induced NSD1 suppression resulted in the decrease of GSTM3 expression through the -63A/C TATA box.
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Zhao Y, Wang Q, Deng X, Shi P, Wang Z. Quantitative assessment of the association between GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2121-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Qi L, Zou ZQ, Wang LY, Gao S, Fan YC, Long B, Guo YM, Xu AL, Han J, Li T, Wang K. Methylation of the glutathione-S-transferase M3 gene promoter is associated with oxidative stress in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2013; 228:43-51. [PMID: 22976281 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.228.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major cause for liver disease worldwide, ranking as the first cause for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) is most commonly caused by acute severe exacerbation during CHB virus infection. The pathophysiology of ACHBLF is still poorly understood. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M3 belongs to GSTs superfamily and it has been demonstrated to contribute to oxidative stress-mediated liver damage. The present study was aimed to determine the potential association between GSTM3 promoter methylation and oxidative stress in ACHBLF patients. Thirty ACHBLF patients, 30 CHB patients and 10 healthy controls were included in this study. Methylation of GSTM3 promoter was determined using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) method. Plasma biomarkers for oxidative stress including malondialdehyde (MDA) and GST were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scoring system was used for predicting the severity and prognosis of liver failure. ACHBLF patients had significant higher GSTM3 promoter methylation rate than CHB patients (30% versus 6.7%, χ(2) = 5.455, P = 0.020). Plasma MDA and GST levels were significantly increased in ACHBLF patients compared with CHB patients. Meanwhile, MDA, MELD scores and mortality rate were significantly higher in methylated group than those in unmethylated group of ACHBLF patients. Furthermore, plasma MDA levels were positively correlated with MELD scores of ACHBLF (r = 0.588, P = 0.001). In conclusion, the methylation of GSTM3 promoter may contribute to oxidative stress-associated liver damage and correlate with the disease severity in ACHBLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qi
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Juan, PR, China
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Feng X, Dong CQ, Shi JJ, Zhou HF, He W, Zheng BS. Lack of Association of Glutathione S-transferase M3 Gene Polymorphism with the Susceptibility of Lung Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:4465-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.9.4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Teixeira D, Vargens D, Príncipe A, Oliveira E, Amorim A, Prata M, Suarez-Kurtz G. High prevalence of the GSTM3*A/B polymorphism in sub-Sarahan African populations. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:677-80. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Teixeira
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal; University of Porto, Portugal
| | | | - A. Príncipe
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal; University of Porto, Portugal
| | - E. Oliveira
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal; University of Porto, Portugal
| | - A. Amorim
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal; University of Porto, Portugal
| | - M.J. Prata
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal; University of Porto, Portugal
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Chen YL, Tseng HS, Kuo WH, Yang SF, Chen DR, Tsai HT. Glutathione S-Transferase P1 (GSTP1) gene polymorphism increases age-related susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:46. [PMID: 20331903 PMCID: PMC2851593 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasms in the world. Genetic polymorphism has been reported to be a factor increasing the risk of HCC. Phase II enzymes such as glutathione s-transferases (GSTP1, GSTA1) play important roles in protecting cells against damage induced by carcinogens. The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship of the GSTP1 and GSTA1 gene polymorphisms to HCC risk and clinico-pathological status. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to measure GSTP1 (A-->G) and GSTA1 (C-->T) gene polymorphisms in 386 healthy controls and 177 patients with HCC. RESULTS Neither gene polymorphism was associated with the clinico-pathological status of HCC and serum expression of liver-related clinico-pathological markers. No association between the GSTA1 gene polymorphism and HCC susceptibility was found. However, in the younger group, aged < or = 57 years, individuals with AG or GG alleles of GSTP1 had a 2.18-fold (95%CI = 1.09-4.36; p = 0.02) and 5.64-fold (95%CI = 1.02-31.18; p = 0.04) risk, respectively, of developing HCC compared to individuals with AA alleles, after adjusting for other confounders. CONCLUSION AG and GG alleles of GSTP1 gene polymorphisms may be considered as factors increasing the susceptibility to and risk of HCC in Taiwanese aged < or = 57 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Li Chen
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Gruber-Olipitz M, Ströbel T, Kang SU, John JPP, Grotzer MA, Slavc I, Lubec G. Neurotrophin 3/TrkC-regulated proteins in the human medulloblastoma cell line DAOY. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:540-9. [PMID: 19156760 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor and high neurotrophin (NP) receptor TrkC mRNA expression was identified as a powerful independent predictor of favorable survival outcome. In order to determine downstream effector proteins of TrkC signaling, the MB cell line DAOY was stably transfected with a vector containing the full-length TrkC cDNA sequence or an empty vector control. A proteomic approach was used to search for expressional changes by two mass spectrometric methods and immunoblotting for validation of significant results. Multiple time points for up to 48 h following NP-3-induced TrkC receptor activation were chosen. Thirteen proteins from several pathways (nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, stathmin, valosin-containing protein, annexin A1, dihydropyrimidinase-related protein-3, DJ-1 protein, glutathione S-transferase P, lamin A/C, fascin, cofilin, vimentin, vinculin, and moesin) were differentially expressed and most have been shown to play a role in differentiation, migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, drug resistance, or oncogenesis. Knowledge on effectors of TrkC signaling may represent a first useful step for the identification of marker candidates or reflecting probable pharmacological targets for specific treatment of MB.
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