1
|
Barnes DJ, Dutton P, Bruland Ø, Gelderblom H, Faleti A, Bühnemann C, van Maldegem A, Johnson H, Poulton L, Love S, Tiemeier G, van Beelen E, Herbschleb K, Haddon C, Billingham L, Bradley K, Ferrari S, Palmerini E, Picci P, Dirksen U, Strauss SJ, Hogendoorn PCW, Buddingh E, Blay JY, Cleton-Jansen AM, Hassan AB. Outcomes from a mechanistic biomarker multi-arm and randomised study of liposomal MTP-PE (Mifamurtide) in metastatic and/or recurrent osteosarcoma (EuroSarc-Memos trial). BMC Cancer 2022; 22:629. [PMID: 35672690 PMCID: PMC9175372 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase III clinical study of adjuvant liposomal muramyl tripeptide (MTP-PE) in resected high-grade osteosarcoma (OS) documented positive results that have been translated into regulatory approval, supporting initial promise for innate immune therapies in OS. There remains, however, no new approved treatment such as MTP-PE for either metastatic or recurrent OS. Whilst the addition of different agents, including liposomal MTP-PE, to surgery for metastatic or recurrent high-grade osteosarcoma has tried to improve response rates, a mechanistic hiatus exists in terms of a detailed understanding the therapeutic strategies required in advanced disease. Here we report a Bayesian designed multi-arm, multi-centre, open-label phase II study with randomisation in patients with metastatic and/or recurrent OS, designed to investigate how patients with OS might respond to liposomal MTP-PE, either given alone or in combination with ifosfamide. Despite the trial closing because of poor recruitment within the allocated funding period, with no objective responses in eight patients, we report the design and feasibility outcomes for patients registered into the trial. We demonstrate the feasibility of the Bayesian design, European collaboration, tissue collection with genomic analysis and serum cytokine characterisation. Further mechanistic investigation of liposomal MTP-PE alone and in combination with other agents remains warranted in metastatic OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Barnes
- Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, and Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Peter Dutton
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences and Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Øyvind Bruland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Department of Oncology-Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Gelderblom
- Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Postzone K1-P, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ade Faleti
- Department of Oncology Early Phase trials unit and Oncology Clinical Trials Office (OCTO), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Claudia Bühnemann
- Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, and Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Annemiek van Maldegem
- Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, and Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
- Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Postzone K1-P, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Johnson
- Department of Oncology Early Phase trials unit and Oncology Clinical Trials Office (OCTO), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Lisa Poulton
- Department of Oncology Early Phase trials unit and Oncology Clinical Trials Office (OCTO), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sharon Love
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences and Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Gesa Tiemeier
- Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, and Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
- Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Postzone K1-P, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Els van Beelen
- Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Postzone K1-P, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Herbschleb
- Department of Oncology Early Phase trials unit and Oncology Clinical Trials Office (OCTO), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Caroline Haddon
- Department of Oncology Early Phase trials unit and Oncology Clinical Trials Office (OCTO), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Lucinda Billingham
- Cancer Research Clinical Trials Unit (Cancer Sciences), Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Robert Aitken Building, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kevin Bradley
- Department of Radiology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Via C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Piero Picci
- Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Via C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Pediatrics III, West German Cancer Centre Network Essen-Muenster, University Hospital Essen, Hufelanstr 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Sandra J Strauss
- Department of Oncology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Pancras C W Hogendoorn
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences and Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
- Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Postzone K1-P, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emmeline Buddingh
- Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Postzone K1-P, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Andrew Bassim Hassan
- Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, and Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences and Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meazza C, Asaftei SD. State-of-the-art, approved therapeutics for the pharmacological management of osteosarcoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1995-2006. [PMID: 34058096 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1936499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Advances in the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS) came in the mid-1970s, when adding chemotherapy to surgery significantly improved patient survival. OS outcomes have since plateaued, however, despite exhaustive clinical investigations.Area covered: This review focuses on the most significant recent results of trials (in phases II and III) on localized and metastatic/relapsing OS and offers an overview of new targeted drugs.Expert opinion: Recent findings confirm the MAP (methotrexate, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) regimen as the gold standard for OS patients, also in metastatic cases, and the inefficacy of augmenting or modifying chemotherapy in poor responder patients. Immunotherapy and several tyrosine kinase inhibitors seem to be effective and promising in the treatment of OS. Optimizing the use of active drugs available by personalizing chemotherapies might prove important in the future. We urgently need bench-to-bedside research on OS. This will need to involve the extensive sequencing and immunoprofiling of all resected tumor tissue to find new therapeutic agents, especially for relapsing/metastatic patients. The low incidence of OS, its genomic complexity, and differences within and between tumors combine to complicate efforts to elucidate the biology of this disease. This means that we need to pool the resources of different groups studying OS and support translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Meazza
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Sebastian Dorin Asaftei
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Ospedale Infantile Regina Margherita, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Correlation between Prognostic Factors and the Histopathological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Osteosarcoma: A Retrospective Study. Int J Surg Oncol 2021; 2021:8843325. [PMID: 33996154 PMCID: PMC8096583 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8843325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multimodality treatment, incorporating neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, is the standard management plan for osteosarcoma that increases the overall survival (OS) rate. However, data regarding prognostic factors affecting the histopathological response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy is limited. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma in our center between 2008 and 2018. We classified patient characteristics according to gender, age, tumor size, site and stage at diagnosis, site of metastasis, type of surgery, necrosis rate based on the Huvos grading system, and the number of neoadjuvant chemotherapy cycles. We divided response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy into poor responder for patients with Huvos grades 1 and 2 and good responder for patients with Huvos grades 3 and 4. We also documented patients' survival and follow-up information. Results We reviewed 64 patients within 5–65 years of age, dominated by men (62.5%). The distal femur (53.1%) was the most common site of osteosarcoma. Fifteen (23.4%) patients had a good response while 49 (76.6%) patients were poor responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on the Huvos grading system. Based on multivariate analysis, gender (p = 0.012), age (p = 0.029), symptom duration (p = 0.004), and tumor enlargement after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with histopathological response. A scoring system was proposed integrating these significant variables (age > 20 years = 1 point, female gender = 1 point, symptom duration > 12 weeks = 1 point, and increased tumor size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy = 2 points). This scoring system divides patients into two groups with a total score of more than two predicting a poor responder to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions Age, gender, symptoms duration, and tumor size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are the prognostic features that affect the histopathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with osteosarcoma.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jimmy R, Stern C, Lisy K, White S. Effectiveness of mifamurtide in addition to standard chemotherapy for high-grade osteosarcoma: a systematic review. JBI DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS 2017; 15:2113-2152. [PMID: 28800058 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma mostly occurs during the period of rapid bone growth in children and adolescents as high-grade osteosarcomas. Current treatment recommended for high-grade non-metastatic and metastatic and/or relapsed osteosarcoma involves neoadjuvant multiagent conventional chemotherapy, followed by surgical resection of macroscopically detected tumor and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. However, residual micrometastatic deposits that develop following surgery have shown resistance to postoperative/adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, there is a critical need for more effective and innovative therapeutic approaches such as immune stimulatory agents. The most extensively studied immune stimulatory agent in the treatment of osteosarcoma is mifamurtide. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of mifamurtide in addition to standard chemotherapy on survival outcomes. OBJECTIVES To present the best available evidence on the treatment of high-grade non-metastatic and metastatic osteosarcoma with mifamurtide in addition to standard chemotherapy. INCLUSION CRITERIA TYPES OF PARTICIPANTS All populations of patients regardless of age, gender or ethnicity with high-grade, resectable, non-metastatic and metastatic osteosarcoma based on histological diagnosis. TYPES OF INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATORS This review focused on intravenous infusion of either of the pharmaceutical formulations of mifamurtide (MTP-PE or L-MTP-PE) in addition to standard chemotherapy, and the comparator was chemotherapy alone. TYPES OF STUDIES This review considered any experimental study design including randomized controlled trials, non-randomized trials and quasi-experimental studies. OUTCOMES The primary outcomes of interest were event-free survival, overall survival and recurrence of osteosarcoma. Secondary outcomes that were considered included health-related quality of life and any mifamurtide-related adverse events. SEARCH STRATEGY A search for published and unpublished literature in English was undertaken (seven published literature databases, four unpublished literature databases, and three government agency and organizational websites were searched). Studies published between 1990 to June 2016 were considered. A three-step strategy was developed using MeSH terminology and keywords to ensure that all relevant studies were included related to this review. METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY The methodological quality of included studies was assessed by two reviewers, who appraised each study independently, using a standardized Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. DATA EXTRACTION Data was extracted from the studies that were identified as meeting the criteria for methodological quality using the standard JBI data extraction tool. DATA SYNTHESIS Due to the heterogeneity of populations and interventions in available studies, meta-analysis was not possible and results are presented in narrative form. RESULTS Three papers outlining two studies involving 802 patients evaluated the effectiveness of mifamurtide in addition of chemotherapy. Results indicated no significant difference in event-free survival between the addition of mifamurtide to standard chemotherapy regimen and chemotherapy alone, both in non-metastatic and metastatic osteosarcoma patients. There was a significant difference in progression-free survival favoring the addition of mifamurtide in pulmonary metastatic and/or relapsed osteosarcoma. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the addition of mifamurtide and chemotherapy alone in metastatic osteosarcoma; however there was a significant difference favoring the addition of mifamurtide in non-metastatic osteosarcoma patients. The addition of mifamurtide resulted in a significant difference in survival after relapse in pulmonary metastatic and/or relapsed osteosarcoma patients. Both studies reported on mifamurtide-related adverse events - the first was reported as toxicity which included haematological, hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiac, rhythm and nervous system disorders, ear disorders and others (infection, fever; and performance status) in metastatic osteosarcoma patients. Results were similar across all combined treatment regimens. Although no statistical analysis was undertaken, the figures suggest there were no significant differences between the treatment regimens. In the other study, mifamurtide-related adverse events were reported as clinical toxic effects of mifamurtide in relapsed osteosarcoma, which included chills, fever and headache for the initial dose of mifamurtide, while for the subsequent doses of mifamurtide all patients reported toxicity as delayed fatigue. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence on the effectiveness of mifamurtide in addition to a standard chemotherapy regimen for the treatment of high-grade osteosarcoma is limited and therefore no definitive conclusions can be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rincy Jimmy
- 1Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 2Speech Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yuan G, Chen J, Wu D, Gao C. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with limb salvage surgery in patients with limb osteosarcoma of Enneking stage II: a retrospective study. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:2745-2750. [PMID: 28603424 PMCID: PMC5457035 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s136621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with limb salvage surgery in patients with limb osteosarcoma of Enneking stage II. Patients and methods Medical records of 98 patients who met the inclusion criteria were retrospectively analyzed. Of these patients, 56 cases who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with limb salvage surgery were listed as group A, while another 42 patients who received limb salvage surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy were listed as group B. The recurrence and metastasis rate, survival rate, limb function and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results All 98 patients completed the treatment in this study. Baseline characteristics showed no significant differences between group A and group B, including age, gender, tumor location, maximum tumor diameter and Enneking stage (all P>0.05). The total metastasis and recurrence rate of group A was significantly lower than that of group B (25.0% vs 47.6%, χ2=5.419, P=0.020). The Kaplan–Meier method showed that progression-free survival (PFS) (log-rank χ2=4.014, P=0.045) and overall survival (OS) (log-rank χ2=3.859, P=0.049) of group A were both significantly higher than those of group B. There was no significant difference in the incidence of grades III–IV adverse reactions between the two groups (all P>0.05). The excellent and good rate of limb function in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (83.9% vs 66.7%, χ2=3.982, P=0.046). Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with limb salvage surgery for patients with Enneking stage IIA or IIB limb osteosarcoma patients has better efficacy and can significantly improve limb function of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangke Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan.,Department of Orthopedics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Chunzheng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nanomedicine applied to translational oncology: A future perspective on cancer treatment. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:81-103. [PMID: 26370707 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The high global incidence of cancer is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity worldwide. By taking advantage of the properties of matter at the nanoscale, nanomedicine promises to develop innovative drugs with greater efficacy and less side effects than standard therapies. Here, we discuss both clinically available anti-cancer nanomedicines and those en route to future clinical application. The properties, therapeutic value, advantages and limitations of these nanomedicine products are highlighted, with a focus on their increased performance versus conventional molecular anticancer therapies. The main regulatory challenges toward the translation of innovative, clinically effective nanotherapeutics are discussed, with a view to improving current approaches to the clinical management of cancer. Ultimately, it becomes clear that the critical steps for clinical translation of nanotherapeutics require further interdisciplinary and international effort, where the whole stakeholder community is involved from bench to bedside. From the Clinical Editor: Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and finding a cure remains the holy-grail for many researchers and clinicians. The advance in nanotechnology has enabled novel strategies to develop in terms of cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this concise review article, the authors described current capabilities in this field and outlined comparisons with existing drugs. The difficulties in bringing new drugs to the clinics were also discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Riccardo F, Aurisicchio L, Impellizeri JA, Cavallo F. The importance of comparative oncology in translational medicine. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:137-48. [PMID: 25548094 PMCID: PMC11029667 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human cancer is so complex that in vivo preclinical models are needed if effective therapies are to be developed. Naturally occurring cancers in companion animals are therefore a great resource, as shown by the remarkable growth that comparative oncology has seen over the last 30 years. Cancer has become a leading cause of death in companion animals now that more pets are living long enough to develop the disease. Furthermore, more owners are seeking advanced and novel therapies for their pets as they are very much considered family members. Living in the same environments, pets and humans are often afflicted by the same types of cancer which show similar behavior and, in some species, express the same antigen molecules. The treatment of pet tumors using novel therapies is of compelling translational significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riccardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anderson P, Meyers P, Kleinerman E, Venkatakrishnan K, Hughes D, Herzog C, Huh W, Sutphin R, Vyas YM, Shen V, Warwick A, Yeager N, Oliva C, Wang B, Liu Y, Chou A. Mifamurtide in metastatic and recurrent osteosarcoma: a patient access study with pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety assessments. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:238-44. [PMID: 23997016 PMCID: PMC4533988 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This non-randomized, patient-access protocol, assessed both safety and efficacy outcomes following liposomal muramyl-tripeptide-phosphatidylethanolamine (L-MTP-PE; mifamurtide) in patients with high-risk, recurrent and/or metastatic osteosarcoma. METHODS Patients received mifamurtide 2 mg/m(2) intravenously twice-weekly ×12 weeks, then weekly ×24 weeks with and without chemotherapy. Serum concentration-time profiles were collected. Adverse events within 24 hours of drug administration were classified as infusion-related adverse events (IRAE); other AEs and overall survival (OS) were assessed. RESULTS The study began therapy in January 2008; the last patient completed therapy in October 2012. Two hundred five patients were enrolled; median age was 16.0 years and 146/205 (71%) had active disease. Mifamurtide serum concentrations declined rapidly in the first 30 minutes post-infusion, then in a log-linear manner 2-6 hours post-dose; t1/2 was 2 hours. There were no readily apparent relationships between age and BSA-normalized clearance, half-life, or pharmacodynamic effects, supporting the dose of 2 mg/m(2) mifamurtide across the age range. Patients reported 3,679 IRAE after 7,482 mifamurtide infusions. These were very rarely grade 3 or 4 and most commonly included chills + fever or headache + fatigue symptom clusters. One- and 2-year OS was 71.7% and 45.9%. Patients with initial metastatic disease or progression approximated by within 9 months of diagnosis (N = 40) had similar 2-year OS (39.9%) as the entire cohort (45.9%) CONCLUSIONS Mifamurtide had a manageable safety profile; PK/PD of mifamurtide in this patient access study was consistent with prior studies. Two-year OS was 45.9%. A randomized clinical trial would be required to definitively determine impact on patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P.M. Anderson
- University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P. Meyers
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - E. Kleinerman
- University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - D.P. Hughes
- University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C. Herzog
- University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W. Huh
- University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - V. Shen
- Childrens Hospital of Orange County, Orange CA USA
| | - A. Warwick
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - N. Yeager
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Ohio State University Columbus OH, USA
| | | | - B. Wang
- Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Y. Liu
- Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A. Chou
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Errani C, Longhi A, Rossi G, Rimondi E, Biazzo A, Toscano A, Alì N, Ruggieri P, Alberghini M, Picci P, Bacci G, Mercuri M. Palliative therapy for osteosarcoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 11:217-27. [DOI: 10.1586/era.10.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
10
|
Lamplot JD, Denduluri S, Qin J, Li R, Liu X, Zhang H, Chen X, Wang N, Pratt A, Shui W, Luo X, Nan G, Deng ZL, Luo J, Haydon RC, He TC, Luu HH. The Current and Future Therapies for Human Osteosarcoma. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2013; 9:55-77. [PMID: 26834515 PMCID: PMC4730918 DOI: 10.2174/1573394711309010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common non-hematologic malignant tumor of bone in adults and children. As sarcomas are more common in adolescents and young adults than most other forms of cancer, there are a significant number of years of life lost secondary to these malignancies. OS is associated with a poor prognosis secondary to a high grade at presentation, resistance to chemotherapy and a propensity to metastasize to the lungs. Current OS management involves both chemotherapy and surgery. The incorporation of cytotoxic chemotherapy into therapeutic regimens escalated cure rates from <20% to current levels of 65-75%. Furthermore, limb-salvage surgery is now offered to the majority of OS patients. Despite advances in chemotherapy and surgical techniques over the past three decades, there has been stagnation in patient survival outcome improvement, especially in patients with metastatic OS. Thus, there is a critical need to identify novel and directed therapy for OS. Several Phase I trials for sarcoma therapies currently ongoing or recently completed have shown objective responses in OS. Novel drug delivery mechanisms are currently under phase II and III clinical trials. Furthermore, there is an abundance of preclinical research which holds great promise in the development of future OS-directed therapeutics. Our continuously improving knowledge of the molecular and cell-signaling pathways involved in OS will translate into more effective therapies for OS and ultimately improved patient survival. The present review will provide an overview of current therapies, ongoing clinical trials and therapeutic targets under investigation for OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Lamplot
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sahitya Denduluri
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiaqiang Qin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of the Key Laboratory for Pediatrics co-designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of the Key Laboratory for Pediatrics co-designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Abdullah Pratt
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wei Shui
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoji Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guoxin Nan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of the Key Laboratory for Pediatrics co-designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Deng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of the Key Laboratory for Pediatrics co-designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ando K, Mori K, Corradini N, Redini F, Heymann D. Mifamurtide for the treatment of nonmetastatic osteosarcoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011; 12:285-92. [PMID: 21226638 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2011.543129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The standard treatment for osteosarcoma requires both macroscopic surgical wide resection and postoperative multi-drug chemotherapy in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. However, the 5-year event-free survival has remained at a plateau of 60-70% of patients with nonmetastatic osteosarcoma for more than 30 years. AREAS COVERED Mifamurtide (liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine; L-MTP-PE) is a new agent. L-MTP-PE is a nonspecific immunomodulator, which is a synthetic analog of a component of bacterial cell walls. L-MTP-PE activates macrophages and monocytes as a potent activator of immune response in addition to standard chemotherapy. It also improves the overall survival from 70 to 78% and results in a one-third reduction in the risk of death from osteosarcoma. This review summarizes the most recent findings about L-MTP-PE and its therapeutic application for nonmetastatic osteosarcoma. EXPERT OPINION Recently, L-MTP-PE has been approved in Europe for the treatment of nonmetastatic osteosarcoma with chemotherapy. L-MTP-PE in combination with traditional treatment is expected to go mainstream and to be beneficial for patients with osteosarcoma. Information about potential benefit regarding mifamurtide use in the neoadjuvant setting (i.e., before surgery) and/or usefulness of L-MTP-PE in metastatic in relapsed and metastatic osteosarcoma requires analysis of expanded access and/or future clinical trials of L-MTP-PE in high-burden and low-burden situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Ando
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hingorani P, Kolb EA. Past, present and future of therapies in pediatric sarcomas. Future Oncol 2010; 6:605-18. [PMID: 20373872 DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited progress has been made over the past 30 years in improving the outcome of patients with high-risk pediatric sarcomas. The 5-year overall survival rate remains at 20% or less with metastatic sarcomas. Therefore, current and future research is focused on the identification and development of molecular or biological agents targeting the pathogenic pathways in sarcomas, either alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy. To this end, the most promising activity has been seen with IGF-1 receptor antibodies and mTOR inhibitors. Other agents of interest are oncolytic viruses, epigenetic modulators (e.g., histone deacetylase inhibitors), immune modulators (e.g., muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine) and other biological agents (e.g., trabectedin). In addition to the development of novel drugs, the other major area of recent focus is developing immune therapies, such as dendritic cell vaccines and adoptive immunotherapy for treating pediatric sarcomas. This article discusses the successes, the failures and the future direction of these therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Hingorani
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Phoenix Childrens Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85003, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kager L, Pötschger U, Bielack S. Review of mifamurtide in the treatment of patients with osteosarcoma. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2010; 6:279-86. [PMID: 20596505 PMCID: PMC2893760 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone. The disease, however, is very rare with less than 2,000 expected patients at all age groups per year within the European Union and the United States of America. With multimodal therapy, which combines multiagent chemotherapy and complete resection of all macroscopically detectable tumors, about 60%–70% of patients with localized osteosarcoma can be cured. The prognosis, however, is still poor for patients with synchronous or metachronous metastatic or nonresectable primary disease, with reported 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rates of less than 30%. Overall, the EFS rate has been rather stable since the introduction of combination chemotherapy including doxorubicin, cisplatin, high-dose methotrexate with leukovorin rescue, and/or ifosfamide. Mifamurtide, a modulator of innate immunity, which activates macrophages and monocytes, which in turn release chemicals with potential tumoricidal effects, may help to control microscopic metastatic disease and has been safely given together with standard adjuvant chemotherapy to patients with high-grade osteosarcoma. Results of the recently published intergroup study 0133 trial from the Children’s Cancer and Pediatric Oncology Groups suggest that mifamurtide is a medicine that deserves further investigation in this orphan disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Kager
- St. Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Mifamurtide (liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl ethanolamine; Mepact) is an immunomodulator with antitumor effects that appear to be mediated via activation of monocytes and macrophages. In the EU, mifamurtide is indicated in children, adolescents, and young adults for the treatment of high-grade, resectable, non-metastatic osteosarcoma after macroscopically complete surgical resection; it is administered by intravenous infusion in conjunction with postoperative multiagent chemotherapy. In the US, mifamurtide is currently an investigational agent that holds orphan drug status for the treatment of osteosarcoma. In a large, randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase III trial, the addition of adjuvant (postoperative) mifamurtide to three- or four-drug combination chemotherapy (doxorubicin, cisplatin, and high-dose methotrexate with, or without, ifosfamide) was associated with a statistically significant improvement in overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed, high-grade, non-metastatic, resectable osteosarcoma. The pattern of outcome was generally similar in a small cohort of patients with metastatic disease who were enrolled in this trial. Mifamurtide is generally well tolerated; adverse events attributed to administration of the drug include chills, fever, headache, nausea, and myalgias. Based on the available data, mifamurtide can be considered for inclusion in treatment protocols for localized osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E Frampton
- Adis, a Wolters Kluwer Business, Mairangi Bay, North Shore, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chou AJ, Kleinerman ES, Krailo MD, Chen Z, Betcher DL, Healey JH, Conrad EU, Nieder ML, Weiner MA, Wells RJ, Womer RB, Meyers PA. Addition of muramyl tripeptide to chemotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed metastatic osteosarcoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Cancer 2009; 115:5339-48. [PMID: 19637348 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addition of liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE) to chemotherapy has been shown to improve overall survival in patients with nonmetastatic osteosarcoma (OS). The authors report the results of addition of liposomal MTP-PE to chemotherapy for patients with metastatic OS. METHODS Intergroup-0133 was a prospective randomized phase 3 trial for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with OS. The authors compared 3-drug chemotherapy with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and high-dose methotrexate (Regimen A) to the same 3 drugs with the addition of ifosfamide (Regimen B). The addition of liposomal MTP-PE to chemotherapy was evaluated. RESULTS Five-year event-free survival (EFS) for patients who received liposomal MTP-PE (n = 46) was 42% versus 26% for those who did not (n = 45) (relative risk for liposomal MTP-PE, 0.72; P = .23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42-1.2). The 5-year overall survival for patients who received MTP-PE versus no MTP-PE was 53% and 40%, respectively (relative risk for liposomal MTP-PE, 0.72; P = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.40-1.3). The comparison of Regimen A with Regimen B did not suggest a difference for EFS (35% vs 34%, respectively; relative risk for Regimen B, 1.07; P = .79; 95% CI, 0.62-1.8) or overall survival (52% vs 43%, respectively; relative risk for Regimen B, 1.1, P = .75; 95% CI, 0.61-2.0). CONCLUSIONS When the metastatic cohort was considered in isolation, the addition of liposomal MTP-PE to chemotherapy did not achieve a statistically significant improvement in outcome. However, the pattern of outcome is similar to the pattern in nonmetastatic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Volkov VV, Righini R. Partitioning of an Anchor Dipeptide in a Phospholipid Membrane. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:16246-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9082536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor V. Volkov
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberto Righini
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guise TA, O'Keefe R, Randall RL, Terek RM. Molecular biology and therapeutics in musculoskeletal oncology. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009; 91:724-32. [PMID: 19255238 PMCID: PMC3346176 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.i.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A. Guise
- University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 801419, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Regis O'Keefe
- University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642
| | | | - Richard M. Terek
- Brown University, 2 Dudley Street, Suite 200, Providence, RI 02905. E-mail address:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that chemotherapy alone is usually unsuccessful as exclusive therapy for osteosarcoma (Cancer 95:2202-2201, 2002). Information will be presented for situations where non-surgical alternatives could be considered as useful, if not necessary, adjuncts to chemotherapy. In the thorax these include treatment of pleural effusions, chest wall lesions, central lung or mediastinal osteosarcoma, as well as recurrences in patients with limited pulmonary reserve. Other situations include too many metastases to easily resect, axial osteosarcomas, bone metastases, liver and brain metastases. Non-surgical local control measures include radiation with chemotherapy for radiosensitization, bone-seeking radioisotopes (e.g., 153Sm-EDTMP, 223Ra), bisphosphonates, heat (radiofrequency ablation), freezing and thawing (cryoablation), and intracavitary or regional (aerosol) therapy. Because of the predictable and common pattern of pulmonary metastases in osteosarcoma, aerosol therapy also offers an attractive regional treatment strategy. Principles and use of aerosol cytokines (e.g., GM-CSF, IL-2), and aerosol chemotherapy with gemcitabin will be discussed. Individual cases illustrating strategy and techniques will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pete Anderson
- Children's Cancer Hospital, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 87, Pediatrics, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Inhibition of breast cancer metastasis by dual liposomes to disturb complex formation. Int J Pharm 2008; 370:121-8. [PMID: 19100823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between tumour cells and blood components, mainly platelets, plays an important role in metastasis. In this study, the anti-metastatic effect of vesicles containing the cytotoxic drug perifosine (OPP) and the haemostatic inhibitor dipyridamole (DIP) was tested. These dual liposomes (DIP/OPP-L) encapsulating up to 400microg DIP/ml and 6mM OPP were prepared by extrusion technique. In vitro, DIP/OPP-L significantly inhibited the aggregation of platelets and reduced their adhesion to immobilized MT3 cells by up to 60% and 24.7%, respectively. Complex formation between platelets and tumour cells in vitro was completely prevented by DIP/OPP-vesicles. These combinatory liposomes also inhibited the metastatic capacity of circulating tumour cells by reducing the complex formation with platelets. Formation of lung and extrapulmonary metastases after intravenous administration of MT3 breast cancer cells was significantly reduced when mice were treated with a single intravenous dose of DIP/OPP-L containing 100nmol lipid 6h before tumour cell inoculation.
Collapse
|
20
|
Niederhafner P, Reinis M, Sebestík J, Jezek J. Glycopeptide dendrimers, part III: a review. Use of glycopeptide dendrimers in immunotherapy and diagnosis of cancer and viral diseases. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:556-87. [PMID: 18275089 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycopeptide dendrimers containing different types of tumor associated-carbohydrate antigens (T(N), TF, sialyl-T(N), sialyl-TF, sialyl-Le(x), sialyl-Le(a) etc.) were used in diagnosis and therapy of different sorts of cancer. These dendrimeric structures with incorporated T-cell epitopes and adjuvants can be used as antitumor vaccines. Best results were obtained with multiantigenic vaccines, containing, e.g. five or six different TAAs. The topic of TAAs and their dendrimeric forms at molecular level are reviewed, including structure, syntheses, and biological activities. Use of glycopeptide dendrimers as antiviral vaccines against HIV and influenza is also described. Their syntheses, physico-chemical properties, and biological activities are given with many examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Niederhafner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mori K, Ando K, Heymann D. Liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl ethanolamine: a safe and effective agent against osteosarcoma pulmonary metastases. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2008; 8:151-9. [PMID: 18279055 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.8.2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common form of primary malignant bone tumor. The use of chemotherapy drugs with many side effects, including high-dose methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin and ifosfamide, has greatly improved osteosarcoma survival compared with surgery alone. However, for 20 years, overall survival remained at a plateau of 60-70% in nonmetastatic disease and 20-30% in metastatic osteosarcoma owing to lung metastases. Liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl ethanolamine (L-MTP-PE) is a new agent that improves overall osteosarcoma survival (chemotherapy without L-MTP-PE 70% versus with L-MTP-PE 78%; p = 0.03). L-MTP-PE offers additional benefit for osteosarcoma treatment in combination with chemotherapy, particularly ifosfamide-containing regimens. Clinical experience indicates that side effects such as fever are temporary and controlled or prevented with ibuprofen and/or acetoaminophen premedication; severe side effects are rare. Although surgery will remain the main approach for osteosarcoma treatment of lung metastases, L-MTP-PE combined with other modalities, including chemotherapy, appears to be of benefit in these patients as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Mori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192 Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Naturally occurring cancers in pet dogs and humans share many features, including histological appearance, tumour genetics, molecular targets, biological behaviour and response to conventional therapies. Studying dogs with cancer is likely to provide a valuable perspective that is distinct from that generated by the study of human or rodent cancers alone. The value of this opportunity has been increasingly recognized in the field of cancer research for the identification of cancer-associated genes, the study of environmental risk factors, understanding tumour biology and progression, and, perhaps most importantly, the evaluation and development of novel cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Paoloni
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 2144, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jeys LM, Grimer RJ, Carter SR, Tillman RM, Abudu A. Post Operative Infection and Increased Survival in Osteosarcoma Patients: Are They Associated? Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 14:2887-95. [PMID: 17653803 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-007-9483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite neo-adjuvant chemotherapy osteosarcomas having significant mortality, recent studies have shown survival advantages following infections for some tumour types. This study investigates the effect of post-operative infection in patients treated for osteosarcoma using endoprosthetic replacement and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS A consecutive series of 547 patients underwent surgery between 1981 and 2001 for osteosarcoma. Patients were excluded from the study if over 60 years old at diagnosis (n = 14) as they would not routinely receive chemotherapy. Studies showed that 70% of deep infections occur within one year from reconstruction. Therefore landmark analysis was performed; all patients infected after 12 months of reconstruction were excluded (15 patients, 2.7%) and those who died within 12 months from diagnosis due to metastases were excluded (105 patients, 19.2%), leaving 412 patients. Any survival advantage of early infection was analysed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis from this landmark point. RESULTS Overall population survival was 65% at 10 years after landmarking. There were 41 patients (10%) who developed an infection within one year of implantation. These patients had significantly better survival (p = 0.017). The 10-year survival for patients with osteosarcoma with infection was 84.5% compared to 62.3% in the non-infected group after landmarking. There was no significant difference in the percentage post-chemotherapy specimen necrosis between the two groups (p = 0.36). Infection was an independent prognostic factor on cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS There was evidence for increased survival after deep post-operative infection in osteosarcoma patients, in keeping with other research. The authors feel this warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Jeys
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital Oncology Service, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, B31 2AP, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
When connective tissue undergoes malignant transformation, glioblastomas and sarcomas arise. However, the ancient biochemical mechanisms, which are now operational in sarcomas distorted by mutations and gene fusions in misaligned chromosomes, were originally acquired by those cells that emerged during the Cambrian explosion. Preserved throughout evolution up to the genus Homo, these mechanisms dictate the apoptosis- and senescence-resistant immortality of malignant cells. A 'retroviral paradox' distinguishes human sarcomas from those of the animal world. In contrast to the retrovirally induced sarcomatous transformation of animal (avian, murine, feline and simian) cells, human sarcomas have so far failed to yield a causative retroviral isolate. However, the proto-oncogenes/oncogenes transduced from their host cells by retroviruses of animals are the same that are active in human sarcomas. Since the encoded oncoproteins arise after birth, they are recognized frequently by the immune system of the host. Immune lymphocytes that kill autologous sarcoma cells in vitro commonly fail to do so in vivo. Sarcoma vaccines generate immune T- and natural killer cell reactions; even when vaccinated patients do not show a clinical response, their tumors become more sensitive to chemotherapy. The aim of this review is to lay a solid molecular biological foundation for the conclusion that targeting the sarcoma oncogenes will result in regression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Sinkovics
- Cancer Institute of St. Joseph's Hospital Affiliated with the HL Moffitt Cancer Center, The University of South Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Tampa, Florida, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Anderson P, Salazar-Abshire M. Improving outcomes in difficult bone cancers using multimodality therapy, including radiation: Physician and nursing perspectives. Curr Oncol Rep 2006; 8:415-22. [PMID: 17040619 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-006-0069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Principles of therapy are similar for Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma. Chemotherapy or surgery alone cures few patients. Multimodality measures are needed for durable response. Quality of life and function are very important short- and long-term considerations. The spine, sacrum, pelvis, ankle, hand, mediastinum, pulmonary hilum, and chest wall are examples of bone cancer locations for which surgery is difficult. Patients with positive margins may need radiation and may experience systemic therapy delay, recurrence, loss of function, or any combination of these. When radiation is used as a means of local control, concomitant chemotherapy can increase its effectiveness. Options for difficult Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma situations and multimodality solutions, including 1 mCi/kg of samarium and proton therapy, are discussed. Combination radiation and chemotherapy regimens are summarized, and organization of patients, caregivers, and medical teams for multimodality therapy is described, along with tools used in our institution that aid in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pete Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|