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Gu L, Ma G, Li C, Lin J, Zhao G. New insights into the prognosis of intraocular malignancy: Interventions for association mechanisms between cancer and diabetes. Front Oncol 2022; 12:958170. [PMID: 36003786 PMCID: PMC9393514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.958170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intraocular malignancies, which mostly originate from the retina and uvea, exhibit a high incidence of blindness and even death. Uveal melanoma (UM) and retinoblastoma (RB) are the most common intraocular malignancies in adults and children, respectively. The high risks of distant metastases lead to an extremely poor prognosis. Nowadays, various epidemiological studies have demonstrated that diabetes is associated with the high incidence and mortality of cancers, such as liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and bladder cancer. However, the mechanisms and interventions associated with diabetes and intraocular malignancies have not been reviewed. In this review, we have summarized the associated mechanisms between diabetes and intraocular malignancy. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by prolonged periods of hyperglycemia. Recent studies have reported that the abnormal glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and the activation of the IGF/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling axis in diabetes contribute to the genesis, growth, proliferation, and metastases of intraocular malignancy. In addition, diabetic patients are more prone to suffer severe complications and poor prognosis after radiotherapy for intraocular malignancy. Based on the common pathogenesis shared by diabetes and intraocular malignancy, they may be related to interventions and treatments. Therefore, interventions targeting the abnormal glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling axis show therapeutic potentials to treat intraocular malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwen Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofeng Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Guiqiu Zhao,
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Alonso V, Escudero P, Fernández-Martos C, Salud A, Méndez M, Gallego J, Rodriguez JR, Martín-Richard M, Fernández-Plana J, Manzano H, Méndez JC, Zanui M, Falcó E, Gil-Raga M, Rojo F, Cuatrecasas M, Feliu J, García-Albéniz X, Maurel J. Coexpression of p-IGF-1R and MMP-7 Modulates Panitumumab and Cetuximab Efficacy in RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients. Neoplasia 2018; 20:678-686. [PMID: 29842993 PMCID: PMC6030389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coexpression of pIGF-1R and MMP-7 (double-positive phenotype, DP) correlates with poor overall survival (OS) in KRAS wild-type (WT) (exon 2) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with irinotecan-cetuximab in second/third line. METHODS We analyzed two prospective biomarker design trials of newly diagnosed RAS-WT mCRC patients treated with panitumumab-FOLFOX6 (PULSE trial; NCT01288339) or cetuximab plus either FOLFOX6/FOLFIRI (POSIBA trial; NCT01276379). The main exposure was DP phenotype (DP/non-DP), as assessed by two independent pathologists. DP cases were defined by immunohistochemistry as >70% expression of moderate or strong intensity for both MMP-7 and pIGF-1R. Primary endpoint: progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints: OS and response rate. PFS and OS were adjusted by baseline characteristics using multivariate Cox models. RESULTS We analyzed 67 patients (30 non-DP, 37 DP) in the PULSE trial and 181 patients in the POSIBA trial (158 non-DP, 23 DP). Response rates and PFS were similar between groups in both studies. DP was associated with prolonged OS in PULSE (adjusted HR: 0.23; 95%CI: 0.11-0.52; P=.0004) and with shorter OS in POSIBA (adjusted HR: 1.67; 95%CI: 0.96-2.90; P=.07). CONCLUSION A differential effect of anti-EGFRs on survival by DP phenotype was observed. Panitumumab might be more beneficial for RAS-WT mCRC patients with DP phenotype, whereas cetuximab might improve OS in non-DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Alonso
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Pilar Escudero
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | - Antonia Salud
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Miguel Méndez
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital de Móstoles, Móstoles, Spain.
| | - Javier Gallego
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital General Universitario of Elche, Elche, Spain.
| | - Jose-R Rodriguez
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Marta Martín-Richard
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Hermini Manzano
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain.
| | - José-Carlos Méndez
- Medical Oncology Service, Centro Oncologico de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Monserrat Zanui
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Spain.
| | - Esther Falcó
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma, Spain.
| | - Mireia Gil-Raga
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital de Sagunto, Sagunto, Spain.
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Service, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jaime Feliu
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Xabier García-Albéniz
- Department of Oncology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston (MA), United States of America.
| | - Joan Maurel
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Group, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Warsito D, Lin Y, Gnirck AC, Sehat B, Larsson O. Nuclearly translocated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor phosphorylates histone H3 at tyrosine 41 and induces SNAI2 expression via Brg1 chromatin remodeling protein. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42288-42302. [PMID: 27275536 PMCID: PMC5173135 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has crucial roles in cell proliferation and protection from apoptosis. It is therefore not surprising that IGF-1R is often found overexpressed in many types of tumors. This has made IGF-1R a prominent target molecule for pharmacological companies to develop new anti-cancer agents. However, several clinical trials during the last 5 years using IGF-1R specific antibodies have shown disappointing results. We have previously shown that upon IGF-1 stimulation, the receptor becomes SUMOylated and translocates into the nucleus of cancer cells to act as a transcription co-factor. Soon after our original study, several others have reported nuclear IGF-1R (nIGF-1R) as well, and some of them have demonstrated a prognostic value of nIGF-1R expression in cancer. In the current study we demonstrate that nIGF-1R binds to and phosphorylates histone H3 at tyrosine 41 (H3Y41) in HeLa cells. Furthermore, our results suggest that phosphorylation of H3Y41 by nIGF-1R, stabilizes the binding of Brg1 chromatin remodeling protein to Histone H3. Our findings suggest that phosphorylated nIGF-1R, rather than total nIGF-1R, plays a superior role in these contexts. We identified SNAI2 oncogene as a target gene for nIGF-1R and its expression was decreased upon mutation of H3Y41 or by Brg1 knockdown. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both IGF-1R and Brg1 binds to the SNAI2 promoter. As SNAI2 protein is implicated in e.g. cancer invasion and metastasis, the nIGF-1R-mediated effects shown in this study may influence such important tumor phenotypic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudi Warsito
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yingbo Lin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christin Gnirck
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bita Sehat
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Nuclear IGF-1R predicts chemotherapy and targeted therapy resistance in metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1777-1786. [PMID: 29123263 PMCID: PMC5729466 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although chemotherapy is the cornerstone treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), acquired chemoresistance is common and constitutes the main reason for treatment failure. Monoclonal antibodies against insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) have been tested in pre-treated mCRC patients, but results have been largely deceiving. Methods: We analysed time to progression, overall survival, and the mutational status of RAS, BRAF and nuclear p-IGF-1R expression by immunohistochemistry, in 470 metastatic CRC patients. The effect of IGF-1R activation and distribution was also assessed using cellular models of CRC and RNAi for functional validation. Results: Nuclear IGF-1R increased in metastatic tumours compared to paired untreated primary tumours, and significantly correlated with poor overall survival in mCRC patients. In vitro, chemo-resistant cell lines presented significantly higher levels of IGF-1R expression within the nuclear compartment, and PIAS3, a protein implicated also in the sumoylation process of intranuclear proteins, contributed to IGF-1R nuclear sequestration, highlighting the essential role of PIAS3 in this process. Intriguingly, we observed that ganitumab, an IGF-1R blocking-antibody used in several clinical trials, and dasatinib, an SRC inhibitor, increased the nuclear localisation of IGF-1R. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that IGF-1R nuclear location might lead to chemotherapy and targeted agent resistance.
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Li S, Pinard M, Wang Y, Yang L, Lin R, Hiscott J, Su B, Brodt P. Crosstalk between the TNF and IGF pathways enhances NF-κB activation and signaling in cancer cells. Growth Horm IGF Res 2015; 25:253-261. [PMID: 26239406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor for type I insulin like growth factor (IGF-IR) and NFκB signaling both play essential roles in cancer initiation and progression but relatively little is known about possible crosstalk between these pathways. We have shown that the IGF-IR could rescue lung and colon carcinoma cells from Tumor necrosis factor -α (ΤΝF-α)-induced apoptosis by activating autocrine, pro-survival IL-6/gp130/STAT3 signaling, suggesting that IGF-IR expression could alter NF-κB signaling that is required for transcriptional activation of IL-6. OBJECTIVE Here we sought to determine if and how IGF-IR signaling promotes TNF-α-induced NFκB activation. DESIGN We used lung carcinoma M-27 and colon carcinoma MC-38 cells to investigate IGF-IR-induced changes to the IKK/IκBα/NFκB pathway by a combination of qPCR, Western blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, a reporter assay and gene silencing. RESULTS We show that in the presence of increased IGF-IR expression or activation levels, nuclear translocation of NFκB in response to TNF-α was enhanced in lung and colon carcinoma cells and this was due to accelerated phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. This effect was AKT-dependent and mediated via mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3(MEKK3) activation. CONCLUSION The results suggest that ligand-mediated activation of IGF-IR alters NF-κB signaling in cancer cells in an AKT/MEKK3-dependent manner and that temporal aspects of NF-κB activation can regulate the cytokine profile of the tumor cells and thereby, their interaction with the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Maxime Pinard
- Dept of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Yunling Wang
- Dept of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Long Yang
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Rongtuan Lin
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada; The Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - John Hiscott
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada; Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Canada; The Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - Bing Su
- Dept of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada; Dept of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada.
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Kwasniewski W, Gozdzicka-Jozefiak A, Kotarska M, Polak G, Barczynski B, Broniarczyk J, Nowak W, Wolun-Cholewa M, Kwasniewska A, Kotarski J. Analysis of cytosine-adenine repeats in P1 promoter region of IGF-1 gene in peripheral blood cells and cervical tissue samples of females with cervical intraepithelial lesions and squamous cervical cancer. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:766-74. [PMID: 25384883 PMCID: PMC4262512 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High oncogenic risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are closely associated with cancer of the cervix. However, HPV infection alone may not be sufficient to cause cervical cancer, and other factors or cofactors may have a cumulative effect on the risk of progression from cervical HPV infection to cancer. The present study investigates the cytosine-adenine (CA) repeat polymorphism in the P1 promoter region of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene among cervical precancerous and cancer patients and healthy control females. The association between these polymorphisms, tissue and blood serum levels of IGF-1, and cervical cancer risk and progression is evaluated. The material for analysis consisted of blood cells and postoperative tissues from patients diagnosed with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (L-SILs), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (H-SILs) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC). A polymerase chain reaction amplification and the sequencing of DNA were used for the identification of (CA)n repeats in the IGF-1 P1 region and detection of HPV DNA. The blood serum concentration of IGF was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The identification of the IGF-1 protein in the cervical tissues was performed by immunohistochemical analysis. The range of the length of the CA repeats in the study DNA was 11 to 21. However, the most common allele length and genotype in the control and study patients from serum and tissues was 19 CA repeats and a homozygous genotype of CA19/19. Statistically significant differences in the concentration of IGF-1 in the blood serum were observed between H-SILs and controls, only (p=0.047). However, the concentration of IGF-1 in the group of females with CA19/19, CA19<19 and CA19>19 was significantly higher in the group of patients with H-SIL (P=0.041) and ICC (P=0.048) in comparison with the control group. An association was detected between CA repeat length <19 and/or >19, IGF concentration in blood serum and tissues and the development of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Kwasniewski
- Department of Gynecological Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | | | - Maria Kotarska
- Rush Medical College, Rush Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606-12, USA
| | - Grzegorz Polak
- Department of Gynecological Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Barczynski
- Department of Gynecological Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | - Justyna Broniarczyk
- Department of Molecular Virology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - Witold Nowak
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - Maria Wolun-Cholewa
- Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-806, Poland
| | - Anna Kwasniewska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | - Jan Kotarski
- Department of Gynecological Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
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Durzyńska J. IGF axis and other factors in HPV-related and HPV-unrelated carcinogenesis (review). Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2295-306. [PMID: 25333772 PMCID: PMC4240475 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis promotes the growth of cells, tissues and organs. IGF-1 is mainly produced in the liver but is also secreted from local tissues. In the circulation, IGF-1 is bound to insulin-like binding proteins (IGFBPs), and when released it activates the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R). The signal is further transmitted by intracellular signaling pathways leading to gene expression that regulates, among others, cell proliferation and survival. This review presents the IGF axis in the context of cell transformation and cancer development. Aspects involving IGF-1 deficiency and protection from cancer are also briefly described. Furthermore, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) interplaying with IGF axis components in cervical cancer development are described. These small dsDNA viruses are divided into low-risk and high-risk HPVs with regard to the potency of their oncogenic actions; they mainly infect epithelial or mucosal cells. Special attention is drawn to expression of two major HPV oncogenes (E6 and E7) initiating and maintaining cervical carcinogenesis, which is a multistep and multifactorial process; therefore, involvement of additional factors such as mitochondrial DNA changes, sex hormones, retinoic and folic acids are also discussed. Finally, IGF axis components and HPV oncogenes as targets in anticancer treatment are presented which include IGF-1R downregulation, RNA interference and anti-HPV therapeutic vaccines. The review concludes that despite an enormous advancement in research on IGF and HPV-related cancers, more molecular studies and clinical trials are needed before commercialized therapies are widely available for oncology patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Durzyńska
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 60-614 Poznań, Poland
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Xue H, Zhou S, Lu W, Zhao Z. [The targets research of non-small cell lung cancer targeted therapy]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2013; 16:107-13. [PMID: 23425904 PMCID: PMC6000387 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2013.02.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
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Ioannou N, Seddon AM, Dalgleish A, Mackintosh D, Modjtahedi H. Treatment with a combination of the ErbB (HER) family blocker afatinib and the IGF-IR inhibitor, NVP-AEW541 induces synergistic growth inhibition of human pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:41. [PMID: 23367880 PMCID: PMC3598209 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression and activation of the IGF-IR have been reported in a variety of human cancers and have been associated with resistance to HER targeted therapy. In this study, we investigated the effect of simultaneous targeting of IGF-IR and HER (erbB) family, with NVP-AEW541 and afatinib, on proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods The sensitivity of a panel of human pancreatic cancer cell lines to treatment with NVP-AEW541 used alone or in combination with afatinib, anti-EGFR antibody ICR62, and cytotoxic agents was determined using the Sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay. Growth factor receptor expression, cell-cycle distribution and cell signalling were determined using flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Results All pancreatic cancer cell lines were found to be IGF-IR positive and NVP-AEW541 treatment inhibited the growth of the pancreatic cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 342 nM (FA6) to 2.73 μM (PT45). Interestingly, of the various combinations examined, treatment with a combination of NVP-AEW541 and afatinib was superior in inducing synergistic growth inhibition of the majority of pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusion Our results indicate that co-targeting of the erbB (HER) family and IGF-IR, with a combination of afatinib and NVP-AEW541, is superior to treatment with a single agent and encourages further investigation in vivo on their therapeutic potential in IGF-IR and HER positive pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Ioannou
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
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Wang LM, Xie KP, Huo HN, Shang F, Zou W, Xie MJ. Luteolin inhibits proliferation induced by IGF-1 pathway dependent ERα in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:1431-7. [PMID: 22799344 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of many breast tumors is stimulated by IGF-1, which activates signal transduction pathways inducing cell proliferation. ERα is important in this process. The aim of the study was to investigate relationships in vitro among inhibitory effects of luteolin on the growth of MCF-7 cells, IGF-1 pathway and ERα. Our results showed that luteolin could effectively block IGF-1-stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation in a dose- and time- dependent manner and block cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis evidenced by the flow cytometric detection of sub-G1DNA content. Luteolin markedly decreased IGF-1-dependent IGF-1R and Akt phosphorylation without affecting Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Further experiments pointed out that ERα was directly involved in IGF-1 induced cell growth inhibitory effects of luteolin, which significantly decreased ERα expression. Knockdown of ERα in MCF-7 cells by an ERα-specific siRNA decreased the IGF-1 induced cell growth inhibitory effects of luteolin. ERα is thus a possible target of luteolin. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effect of luteolin on the growth of MCF-7 cells is via inhibiting IGF-1 mediated PI3K-Akt pathway dependent on ERα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Meng Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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11
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Roop RP, Ma CX. Endocrine resistance in breast cancer: molecular pathways and rational development of targeted therapies. Future Oncol 2012; 8:273-92. [PMID: 22409464 DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine resistance presents a major challenge in the management of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer and is an area under intense investigation. Although the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood, many studies point towards the 'cross-talk' between ER and growth factor receptor signaling pathways as the key in the development of estrogen-independent growth in breast cancer. This review aims to provide the reader our current understanding of various molecular pathways that mediate endocrine resistance and that are being evaluated as therapeutic targets for ER-positive breast cancer. While most of the agents that target these pathways have only been tested in Phase I or small Phase II trials, some have shown encouraging results. A critical issue that remains is the development of research strategies and clinical trials that take into account the molecular heterogeneity of ER-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Roop
- Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, St Louis, MO, USA
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12
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Garofalo C, Mancarella C, Grilli A, Manara MC, Astolfi A, Marino MT, Conte A, Sigismund S, Carè A, Belfiore A, Picci P, Scotlandi K. Identification of common and distinctive mechanisms of resistance to different anti-IGF-IR agents in Ewing's sarcoma. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1603-16. [PMID: 22798295 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IGF system contributes significantly to many human malignancies. Targeting IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) has been reported to be active against several tumors, but particular efficacy was observed only against a minority of Ewing's sarcoma patients. Identification of mechanisms of acquired resistance to anti-IGF-IR agents is mandatory to individualize their use in clinics and optimize cure costs. In this study, we compared gene expression profiles of cells made resistant with three different anti-IGF-IR drugs (human antibodies AVE1642, Figitumumab, or tyrosine kinase inhibitor NVP-AEW541) to highlight common and distinctive mechanisms of resistance. Among common mechanisms, we identified two molecular signatures that distinguish sensitive from resistant cells. Annotation analysis indicated some common altered pathways, such as insulin signaling, MAPK pathway, endocytosis, and modulation of some members of the interferon-induced transmembrane protein family. Among distinctive pathways/processes, resistance to human antibodies involves mainly genes regulating neural differentiation and angiogenesis, whereas resistance to NVP-AEW541 is mainly associated with alterations in genes concerning inflammation and antigen presentation. Evaluation of the common altered pathways indicated that resistant cells seem to maintain intact the IGF-IR internalization/degradation route of sensitive cells but constantly down-regulated its expression. In resistant cells, the loss of proliferative stimulus, normally sustained by IGF-I/IGF-IR autocrine loop in Ewing's sarcoma cells, is compensated by transcriptional up-regulation of IGF-II and insulin receptor-A; this signaling seems to favor the MAPK pathway over the v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 pathway. Overall, complexity of IGF system requires analytical evaluation of its components to select those patients that may really benefit from this targeted therapy and support the idea of cotargeting IGF-IR and insulin receptor-A to increase the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Garofalo
- Centro Riferimento Specialistico Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Zumsteg A, Caviezel C, Pisarsky L, Strittmatter K, García-Echeverría C, Hofmann F, Christofori G. Repression of malignant tumor progression upon pharmacologic IGF1R blockade in a mouse model of insulinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:800-9. [PMID: 22562956 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NVP-AEW541, a specific ATP-competitive inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) tyrosine kinase, has been reported to interfere with tumor growth in various tumor transplantation models. We have assessed the efficacy of NVP-AEW541 in repressing tumor growth and tumor progression in the Rip1Tag2 transgenic mouse model of pancreatic β-cell carcinogenesis. In addition, we have tested NVP-AEW541 in Rip1Tag2;RipIGF1R double-transgenic mice which show accelerated tumor growth and increased tumor malignancy compared with Rip1Tag2 single-transgenic mice. Previously, we have shown that high levels of IGF-2, a high-affinity ligand for IGF1R, are required for Rip1Tag2 tumor cell survival and tumor growth. Unexpectedly, treatment of Rip1Tag2 mice with NVP-AEW541 in prevention and intervention trials neither did affect tumor growth nor tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. Yet, it significantly repressed progression to tumor malignancy, that is, the rate of the transition from differentiated adenoma to invasive carcinoma. Treatment of Rip1Tag2;RipIGF1R double-transgenic mice resulted in moderately reduced tumor volumes and increased rates of tumor cell apoptosis. Sustained expression of IGF-2 and of the IGF-2-binding form of insulin receptor (IR-A) in tumor cells suggests a compensatory role of IR-A upon IGF1R blockade. The results indicate that inhibition of IGF1R alone is not sufficient to efficiently block insulinoma growth and imply an overlapping role of IGF1R and insulin receptor in executing mitogenic and survival stimuli elicited by IGF-2. The reduction of tumor invasion upon IGF1R blockade on the other hand indicates a critical function of IGF1R signaling for the acquisition of a malignant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Zumsteg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, Basel 4058, Switzerland
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Pleckstrin homology domain-interacting protein (PHIP) as a marker and mediator of melanoma metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:7067-72. [PMID: 22511720 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1119949109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanomas with mutant v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) can now be effectively targeted, there is no molecular target for most melanomas expressing wild-type BRAF. Here, we show that the activation of Pleckstrin homology domain-interacting protein (PHIP), promotes melanoma metastasis, can be used to classify a subset of primary melanomas, and is a prognostic biomarker for melanoma. Systemic, plasmid-based shRNA targeting of Phip inhibited the metastatic progression of melanoma, whereas stable suppression of Phip in melanoma cell lines suppressed metastatic potential and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. The human PHIP gene resides on 6q14.1, and although 6q loss has been observed in melanoma, the PHIP locus was preserved in melanoma cell lines and patient samples, and its overexpression was an independent adverse predictor of survival in melanoma patients. In addition, a high proportion of PHIP-overexpressing melanomas harbored increased PHIP copy number. PHIP-overexpressing melanomas include tumors with wild-type BRAF, neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog, and phosphatase and tensin homolog, demonstrating PHIP activation in triple-negative melanoma. These results describe previously unreported roles for PHIP in predicting and promoting melanoma metastasis, and in the molecular classification of melanoma.
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Nuclear IGF1R is a transcriptional co-activator of LEF1/TCF. EMBO Rep 2012; 13:244-50. [PMID: 22261717 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2011.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that nuclear IGF1R binds to enhancer regions and functions as a transcriptional cofactor. However, the downstream transcriptional regulators of this pathway remain to be defined. Here, we show that nuclear IGF1R associates with the transcription factor LEF1 and increases promoter activity of LEF1 downstream target genes cyclin D1 and axin2. Furthermore, nuclear IGF1R augments protein levels of cyclin D1 and axin2. Our findings suggest a novel function for IGF1R, thus further emphasizing the important role of this receptor in cancer biology.
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Sayeed A, Alam N, Trerotola M, Languino LR. Insulin-like growth factor 1 stimulation of androgen receptor activity requires β(1A) integrins. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:751-8. [PMID: 21465482 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the findings that β1 integrins play a vital role in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival, the mechanisms through which they operate and lead to cancer progression remain elusive. Previously, our laboratory has shown that β(1A) integrins support insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGFI)-mediated mitogenic and transforming activities. Here, we report that β(1A) integrins regulate basal levels of IGF-IR, although they are not critical for maintaining cancer cell morphology. Upon transfection of β(1A) siRNA and consequent downregulation of IGF-IR, we show inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of prostate cancer cells, a function which is dependent on IGF-IR expression. In addition, we demonstrate that IGFI-mediated activation of androgen receptor (AR), known to occur in prostate cancer cells, requires expression of β(1A) integrins as evaluated by luciferase reporter assays and immunoblotting analysis. Since β(1A) integrin levels are increased by R1881 or dihydrotestosterone (DHT), our results imply that β(1A) integrins support an androgen-enhanced feedback loop that regulates the expression of IGF-IR. β(1A) integrins also regulate inducible levels of IGF-IR in cells stimulated by androgen or by a combination of androgen and IGFI, as evaluated by flow cytometric analysis and immunoblotting. Furthermore, upon transfection of β(1A) siRNA and consequent downregulation of IGF-IR, neither activation of AKT, an effector of IGF-IR, nor AR levels are affected. We conclude that β(1A) integrin expression is critical for maintaining the regulatory crosstalk between IGF-IR and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aejaz Sayeed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Li S, Wang N, Brodt P. Metastatic cells can escape the proapoptotic effects of TNF-α through increased autocrine IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Cancer Res 2011; 72:865-75. [PMID: 22194466 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a common site for cancer metastases in which the entrance of tumor cells has been shown to trigger a rapid inflammatory response. In considering how an inflammatory response may affect metastatic colonization in this setting, we hypothesized that tumor cells may acquire resistance to the proapoptotic and tumoricidal effects of TNF-α, a cytokine that is elevated in a proinflammatory tissue microenvironment. In this study, we investigated molecular mechanisms by which such resistance may emerge using tumor cells in which the overexpression of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) enhanced the inflammatory and metastatic capacities of poorly metastatic cells in the liver. Mechanistic investigations in vitro revealed that IGF-IR overexpression increased cell survival in the presence of high levels of TNF-α, in a manner associated with increased autocrine production of interleukin-6 (IL)-6. In turn, tumor cell-derived IL-6 induced gp130 and IL-6R-dependent activation of STAT3, leading to reduced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. We found that IL-6 production and cell death resistance were dose dependent with increasing TNF-α levels. In addition, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of either IL-6 or gp130 that established a blockade to autocrine STAT3 induction was sufficient to abolish the prosurvival effect of TNF-α and to inhibit liver metastasis. Taken together, our findings define an IGF-IR-mediated mechanism of cancer cell survival that is critical for metastatic colonization of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center-Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Depletion of insulin receptor substrate 2 reverses oncogenic transformation induced by v-src. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:611-8. [PMID: 21532614 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2) in oncogenic transformation induced by v-src. METHODS IRS-2 gene was silenced using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Nuclear translocation and interaction of IRS-2 with v-src was determined using subcellular fractionation, confocal microscopy, and immunoprecipitation. The activity of the cyclin D1 promoter and r-DNA promoter was measured with a luciferase assay. RESULTS Depletion of IRS-2 inhibited R-/v-src cell growth and reverse the oncogenic transformation. IRS-2 bound to src via its two PI3-K binding sites, which are critical for activities involved in the transformation. Nuclear IRS-2 occupied the cyclin D1 and rDNA promoters. The combination of IRS-2 and v-src increased the activity of the two promoters, especially the rDNA promoter. CONCLUSION Depletion of insulin receptor substrate 2 could reverse oncogenic transformation induced by v-src.
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Señalización asociada al receptor del factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina de tipo I en una línea celular colombiana de carcinoma mamario. BIOMEDICA 2011. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v30i4.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Saiya-Cork K, Collins R, Parkin B, Ouillette P, Kuizon E, Kujawski L, Erba H, Campagnaro E, Shedden K, Kaminski M, Malek SN. A pathobiological role of the insulin receptor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:2679-92. [PMID: 21307146 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The chromosomal deletion 11q affects biology and clinical outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) but del11q-deregulated genes remain incompletely characterized. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We have employed integrated genomic profiling approaches on CLL cases with and without del11q to identify 11q-relevant genes. RESULTS We have identified differential expression of the insulin receptor (INSR) in CLL, including high-level INSR expression in the majority of CLL with del11q. High INSR mRNA expression in 11q CLL (∼10-fold higher mean levels than other genomic categories) was confirmed by quantitative PCR in 247 CLL cases. INSR protein measurements in 257 CLL cases through flow cytometry, compared with measurements in normal CD19(+) B cells and monocytes, confirmed that a subset of CLL aberrantly expresses high INSR levels. INSR stimulation by insulin in CLL cells ex vivo resulted in the activation of canonical INSR signaling pathways, including the AKT-mTOR and Ras/Raf/Erk pathways, and INSR activation partially abrogated spontaneous CLL cell apoptosis ex vivo. Higher INSR levels correlated with shorter time to first therapy and shorter overall survival (OS). In bivariate analysis, INSR expression predicted for rapid initial disease progression and shorter OS in ZAP-70-low/negative CLL. Finally, in multivariate analysis (ZAP-70 status, IgV(H) status, and INSR expression), we detected elevated HRs and trends for short OS for CLL cases with high INSR expression (analyzed inclusive or exclusive of cases with del11q). CONCLUSIONS Our aggregate biochemical and clinical outcome data suggest biologically meaningful elevated INSR expression in a substantial subset of all CLL cases, including many cases with del11q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlai Saiya-Cork
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0936, USA
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Increased insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor mRNA expression predicts poor survival in immunophenotypes of early breast carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:201-8. [PMID: 21057462 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The biology of breast carcinoma shows a great variation, reflected by the recent classification of phenotypes based on DNA microarrays or immunohistochemistry. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) in breast carcinoma subtypes and the impact on the outcome. We studied 197 consecutive breast carcinoma patients in stage I-II treated conservatively. Phenotypes were assessed on the basis of the expressions of ER/PR, HER2, Ki67, p53, Bcl2, CK5/6 and EGFR. Moreover, IGF1R expression (α-subunit and β-phosphorylated/active form) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, IGF1R mRNA levels by quantitative RT-PCR and IGF1R mutations by direct DNA sequencing. Overall, 40% (78/197) of tumors were luminal A, 24% (48/197) luminal B, 19% (37/197) HER2-positive and 17% (34/197) basal/triple-negative. Luminal A tumors were predominantly of low grade, without necrosis, presenting in older patients as a ≤2-cm unilateral mass (all P ≤ 0.046). α-IGF1R overexpression was observed more frequently in luminal A (49%) cases, followed by luminal B (20%), HER2-positive area under the curve (22%) and basal/triple-negative cases (9%) (P = 0.01) with similar results for mRNA levels (53, 24, 13 and 10%, respectively) (P = 0.038), but without differences for mutations (P = NS). High IGF1R mRNA correlated with poor patient survival among subtypes (P = 0.004) (Kaplan-Meier; log-rank test). For overall survival, only histological grade and IGF1R mRNA emerged as significant predictors (P ≤ 0.034; Cox regression). Increased IGF1R mRNA implies poorer patient prognosis among the different subtypes, and that may be associated with the lack of responsiveness to tamoxifen in cases with a positive hormone receptor status. Our results highlight the biological and clinical relevance of IGF1R in early breast carcinoma subtypes, and provide knowledge to assist in treatment decision.
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Buck E, Gokhale PC, Koujak S, Brown E, Eyzaguirre A, Tao N, Rosenfeld-Franklin M, Lerner L, Chiu MI, Wild R, Epstein D, Pachter JA, Miglarese MR. Compensatory insulin receptor (IR) activation on inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R): rationale for cotargeting IGF-1R and IR in cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:2652-64. [PMID: 20924128 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and critical activator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT pathway. IGF-1R is required for oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis. These observations have spurred anticancer drug discovery and development efforts for both biological and small-molecule IGF-1R inhibitors. The ability for one RTK to compensate for another to maintain tumor cell viability is emerging as a common resistance mechanism to antitumor agents targeting individual RTKs. As IGF-1R is structurally and functionally related to the insulin receptor (IR), we asked whether IR is tumorigenic and whether IR-AKT signaling contributes to resistance to IGF-1R inhibition. Both IGF-1R and IR(A) are tumorigenic in a mouse mammary tumor model. In human tumor cells coexpressing IGF-1R and IR, bidirectional cross talk was observed following either knockdown of IR expression or treatment with a selective anti-IGF-1R antibody, MAB391. MAB391 treatment resulted in a compensatory increase in phospho-IR, which was associated with resistance to inhibition of IRS1 and AKT. In contrast, treatment with OSI-906, a small-molecule dual inhibitor of IGF-1R/IR, resulted in enhanced reduction in phospho-IRS1/phospho-AKT relative to MAB391. Insulin or IGF-2 activated the IR-AKT pathway and decreased sensitivity to MAB391 but not to OSI-906. In tumor cells with an autocrine IGF-2 loop, both OSI-906 and an anti-IGF-2 antibody reduced phospho-IR/phospho-AKT, whereas MAB391 was ineffective. Finally, OSI-906 showed superior efficacy compared with MAB391 in human tumor xenograft models in which both IGF-1R and IR were phosphorylated. Collectively, these data indicate that cotargeting IGF-1R and IR may provide superior antitumor efficacy compared with targeting IGF-1R alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Buck
- Translational Research, OSI Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Farmingdale, New York 11735, USA.
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Li R, Pourpak A, Morris SW. Inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) tyrosine kinase as a novel cancer therapy approach. J Med Chem 2010; 52:4981-5004. [PMID: 19610618 DOI: 10.1021/jm9002395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongshi Li
- Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Rosenzweig SA, Atreya HS. Defining the pathway to insulin-like growth factor system targeting in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1115-24. [PMID: 20599789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs; IGF-1 and IGF-2) play central roles in cell growth, differentiation, survival, transformation and metastasis. The biologic effects of the IGFs are mediated by the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase with homology to the insulin receptor (IR). Dysregulation of the IGF system is well recognized as a key contributor to the progression of multiple cancers, with IGF-1R activation increasing the tumorigenic potential of breast, prostate, lung, colon and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite this relationship, targeting the IGF-1R has only recently undergone development as a molecular cancer therapeutic. As it has taken hold, we are witnessing a robust increase and interest in targeting the inhibition of IGF-1R signaling. This is accentuated by the list of over 30 drugs, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that are under evaluation as single agents or in combination therapies. The IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) represent the third component of the IGF system consisting of a class of six soluble secretory proteins. They represent a unique class of naturally occurring IGF-antagonists that bind to and sequester IGF-1 and IGF-2, inhibiting their access to the IGF-1R. Due to their dual targeting of the IGFs without affecting insulin action, the IGFBPs are an untapped "third" class of IGF-1R inhibitors. In this commentary, we highlight some of the significant aspects of and prospects for targeting the IGF-1R and describe what the future may hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Rosenzweig
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, PO Box 250505, Charleston, SC 29425-5050, USA.
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Siegel EM, Ulrich CM, Poole EM, Holmes RS, Jacobsen PB, Shibata D. The effects of obesity and obesity-related conditions on colorectal cancer prognosis. Cancer Control 2010; 17:52-7. [PMID: 20010519 DOI: 10.1177/107327481001700107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer death in the United States among men and women combined. Refinements in screening, staging, and treatment strategies have improved survival from this disease, with over 65% of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer surviving over 5 years after diagnosis. In the prognosis of colorectal cancer, clinicopathological factors are important. However, modifiable prognostic factors are emerging as significant contributors to cancer outcomes, including obesity and obesity-related inflammation and metabolic conditions. METHODS This report reviews the literature on obesity and obesity-related inflammation and metabolic disturbances and colorectal cancer outcomes (recurrence, disease-free survival, and/or mortality). A PubMed search was conducted of all English-language papers published between August 2003 and 2009 and cited in MEDLINE. RESULTS Primary research papers were reviewed for colorectal cancer outcomes related to obesity, inflammation, or metabolic conditions. An association between body size and colorectal cancer recurrence and possibly survival was found; however, reports have been inconsistent. These inconsistent findings may be due to the complex interaction between adiposity, physical inactivity, and dietary intake. Circulating prognostic markers such as C-reactive protein, insulin-like growth factor, and insulin, alone or in combination, have been associated with prognosis in observational studies and should be evaluated in randomized trials and considered for incorporation into surveillance. CONCLUSIONS The literature suggests that obesity and obesity-related inflammation and metabolic conditions contribute to the prognosis of colorectal cancer; however, comprehensive large scale trials are needed. Interventions to reduce weight and control inflammation and metabolic conditions, such as diabetes, need to be evaluated and rapidly translated to behavior guidelines for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Siegel
- Risk Assessment, Detection and Intervention Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Beauchamp MC, Yasmeen A, Knafo A, Gotlieb WH. Targeting insulin and insulin-like growth factor pathways in epithelial ovarian cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:257058. [PMID: 20069126 PMCID: PMC2804114 DOI: 10.1155/2010/257058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all gynecological malignancies, due in part to the diagnosis at an advanced stage caused by the lack of specific signs and symptoms and the absence of reliable tests for screening and early detection. Most patients will respond initially to treatment but about 70% of them will suffer a recurrence. Therefore, new therapeutic modalities are urgently needed to overcome chemoresistance observed in ovarian cancer patients. Evidence accumulates suggesting that the insulin/insulin growth factor (IGF) pathways could act as a good therapeutic target in several cancers, including ovarian cancer. In this paper, we will focus on the role of insulin/IGF in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Beauchamp
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Ariane Knafo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Walter H. Gotlieb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
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De Giovanni C, Landuzzi L, Nicoletti G, Lollini PL, Nanni P. Molecular and cellular biology of rhabdomyosarcoma. Future Oncol 2009; 5:1449-75. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a group of soft-tissue sarcomas that share features of skeletal myogenesis, but show extensive heterogeneity in histology, age and site of onset, and prognosis. This review matches recent molecular data with biological features of rhabdomyosarcoma. Alterations in molecular pathways, animal models, cell of origin and potential new therapeutic targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla De Giovanni
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Research Section, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giordano Nicoletti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Department of Hematology and Oncological Sciences ‘L. e A. Seragnoli’, Viale Filopanti 22, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nanni
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Research Section, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Li S, Zhang D, Yang L, Burnier JV, Wang N, Lin R, Lee ER, Glazer RI, Brodt P. The IGF-I receptor can alter the matrix metalloproteinase repertoire of tumor cells through transcriptional regulation of PKC-{alpha}. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 23:2013-25. [PMID: 19855090 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) was identified as a tumor progression factor, but its role in invasion and metastasis has been the subject of some controversy. Previously we reported that in murine lung carcinoma M-27 cells, overexpression of IGF-IR increased the synthesis and activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 via Akt/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. In contrast, we show here that in these and other cells, IGF-IR overexpression reduced the constitutive and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-inducible expression of three protein kinase C (PKC)-regulated metalloproteinases, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13, in cultured cells as well as in vivo in sc tumors. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we analyzed the effect of IGF-IR on PKC expression and activity using wild-type and IGF-IR-overexpressing (M-27(IGFIR)) tumor cells. Our results show that overexpression and activation of IGF-IR reduced PKC-alpha expression, PKC activity, and downstream ERK1/2 signaling, and these effects were reversed in cells expressing kinase (Y(1131,1135,1136)F) or C-terminal (Y(1250/51)F) domain mutants of IGF-IR. This reduction was due to transcriptional down-regulation of PKC-alpha as evidenced by reduced PKC-alpha mRNA expression in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent manner and a blockade of PKC-alpha promoter activation as revealed by a reporter gene assay. Finally, reconstitution of PKC-alpha levels could restore MMP-9 expression levels in these cells. Collectively, these results show that IGF-IR can inhibit PKC-alpha gene transcription and thereby block the synthesis of PMA-regulated MMPs, suggesting that within the same cells, IGF-IR can act as both a positive and negative regulator of MMP expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zha J, O'Brien C, Savage H, Huw LY, Zhong F, Berry L, Lewis Phillips GD, Luis E, Cavet G, Hu X, Amler LC, Lackner MR. Molecular predictors of response to a humanized anti-insulin-like growth factor-I receptor monoclonal antibody in breast and colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:2110-21. [PMID: 19671761 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) pathway is required for the maintenance of the transformed phenotype in neoplastic cells and hence has been the subject of intensive drug discovery efforts. A key aspect of successful clinical development of targeted therapies directed against IGF-IR will be identification of responsive patient populations. Toward that end, we have endeavored to identify predictive biomarkers of response to an anti-IGF-IR-targeting monoclonal antibody in preclinical models of breast and colorectal cancer. We find that levels of the IGF-IR itself may have predictive value in these tumor types and identify other gene expression predictors of in vitro response. Studies in breast cancer models suggest that IGF-IR expression is both correlated and functionally linked with estrogen receptor signaling and provide a basis for both patient stratification and rational combination therapy with antiestrogen-targeting agents. In addition, we find that levels of other components of the signaling pathway such as the adaptor proteins IRS1 and IRS2, as well as the ligand IGF-II, have predictive value and report on the development of a pathway-focused panel of diagnostic biomarkers that could be used to test these hypotheses during clinical development of IGF-IR-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Zha
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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