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Cosentino-Boehm AL, Lafky JM, Greenwood TM, Kimbler KD, Buenafe MC, Wang Y, Branscum AJ, Yang P, Maihle NJ, Baron AT. Soluble Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (sHER2) as a Potential Risk Assessment, Screening, and Diagnostic Biomarker of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2013; 3:13-32. [PMID: 26835666 PMCID: PMC4665577 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics3010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Here, we evaluated the potential clinical utility of soluble human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (sHER2) for the risk assessment, screening, and diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using an unmatched case-control study design. Serum sHER2 concentrations were measured by immunoassay in 244 primary NSCLC cases and 218 healthy controls. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, logistic regression models, and receiver operating characteristic plots were used to assess whether sHER2 is associated with lung cancer. Median serum sHER2 concentrations are higher in patients with adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma regardless of gender, and sHER2 is a weak, independent biomarker of adenocarcinoma, but not of squamous cell carcinoma, adjusted for age and gender. The age-adjusted relative risk (odds) of adenocarcinoma is 3.95 (95% CI: 1.22, 12.81) and 7.93 (95% CI: 2.26, 27.82) greater for women and men with high sHER2 concentrations (≥6.60 ng/mL) vs. low sHER2 concentrations (≤1.85 ng/mL), respectively. When adjusted for each other, sHER2, age, and gender discern healthy controls from patients with primary adenocarcinomas of the lung with 85.9% accuracy. We conclude that even though serum sHER2 is not a strong, stand-alone discriminatory biomarker of adenocarcinoma, sHER2 may be a useful, independent covariate in multivariate risk assessment, screening, and diagnostic models of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby L Cosentino-Boehm
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Biomedical Informatics Center, NUCATS 750 N. Lake Shore Dr., 11th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Jacqueline M Lafky
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Tammy M Greenwood
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Kimberly D Kimbler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lucille P. Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Marites C Buenafe
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 ,USA.
| | - Yuxia Wang
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | - Adam J Branscum
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Nita J Maihle
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 2068063, New Haven, CT 06520 ,USA.
| | - Andre T Baron
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lucille P. Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, 111 Washington Avenue, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Abstract
Chemokine receptor antagonists that held much promise for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases have recently performed poorly in clinical trials, resulting in disappointment for both pharmaceutical companies and patients. This review focuses on the redundancy of the molecular target as one potential reason for the failure of some of these antagonists to fulfil their initial promise, and discusses the use of drugs that are capable of interacting with more than one drug target - so-called promiscuous drugs - as possible approaches to overcome this difficulty. Several clinically approved promiscuous drugs, such as aspirin and olanzapine, are already used successfully. This review discusses examples of promiscuous drugs for G-protein-coupled receptors, including progress in developing dual-specific chemokine receptor antagonists, and considers evidence for the possible therapeutic utility of such drugs.
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Hirsch DS, Wu WJ. Cdc42: an effector and regulator of ErbB1 as a strategic target in breast cancer therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2007; 7:147-57. [PMID: 17288526 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.7.2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
ErbB1 and ErbB2 are often overexpressed in breast cancer. Overexpression of these receptors is correlated with poor prognosis. ErbB receptor-targeted therapies have been developed for the treatment of human breast cancer. While ErbB2 overexpression is usually caused by gene amplification, the mechanism for ErbB1 overexpression remains elusive. An important mechanism for the downregulation of ErbB1 is via Cbl-mediated receptor ubiquitination and degradation. Increasing evidence suggests that loss of Cbl-regulated ErbB1 degradation contributes to ErbB1 overexpression in cancer cells. Cdc42 is overexpressed in some breast cancers and evidence is accumulating that activated Cdc42 contributes to the accumulation of ErbB1 in cells through the regulation of c-Cbl function. Different therapeutic strategies targeting ErbB receptors and Cdc42 will be reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne S Hirsch
- Food and Drug Administration, HFD 123, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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