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Fusion of Wild-Type Mesoangioblasts with Myotubes of mtDNA Mutation Carriers Leads to a Proportional Reduction in mtDNA Mutation Load. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032679. [PMID: 36769001 PMCID: PMC9917062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In 25% of patients with mitochondrial myopathies, pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation are the cause. For heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations, symptoms manifest when the mutation load exceeds a tissue-specific threshold. Therefore, lowering the mutation load is expected to ameliorate disease manifestations. This can be achieved by fusing wild-type mesoangioblasts with mtDNA mutant myotubes. We have tested this in vitro for female carriers of the m.3271T>C or m.3291T>C mutation (mutation load >90%) using wild-type male mesoangioblasts. Individual fused myotubes were collected by a newly-developed laser capture microdissection (LCM) protocol, visualized by immunostaining using an anti-myosin antibody. Fusion rates were determined based on male-female nuclei ratios by fluorescently labelling the Y-chromosome. Using combined 'wet' and 'air dried' LCM imaging improved fluorescence imaging quality and cell yield. Wild-type mesoangioblasts fused in different ratios with myotubes containing either the m.3271T>C or the m.3291T>C mutation. This resulted in the reduction of the mtDNA mutation load proportional to the number of fused wild-type mesoangioblasts for both mtDNA mutations. The proportional reduction in mtDNA mutation load in vitro after fusion is promising in the context of muscle stem cell therapy for mtDNA mutation carriers in vivo, in which we propose the same strategy using autologous wild-type mesoangioblasts.
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2
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Cell-Based and Gene-Based Therapy Approaches in Neuro-orthopedic Disorders: a Literature Review. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Abstract
Despite the evolutionary loss of tissue regenerative potential, robust skeletal muscle repair processes are largely retained even in higher vertebrates. In mammals, the skeletal muscle regeneration program is driven by resident stem cells termed satellite cells, guided by the coordinated activity of multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors and other cell types. A thorough understanding of muscle repair mechanisms is crucial not only for combating skeletal myopathies, but for its prospective aid in devising therapeutic strategies to endow regenerative potential on otherwise regeneration-deficient organs. In this review, we discuss skeletal muscle regeneration from an evolutionary perspective, summarize the current knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms, and highlight novel paradigms of muscle repair revealed by explorations of the recent decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedah M Hindi
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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4
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Singh S, Singh T, Kunja C, Dhoat NS, Dhania NK. Gene-editing, immunological and iPSCs based therapeutics for muscular dystrophy. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174568. [PMID: 34656607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy is a well-known genetically heterogeneous group of rare muscle disorders. This progressive disease causes the breakdown of skeletal muscles over time and leads to grave weakness. This breakdown is caused by a diverse pattern of mutations in dystrophin and dystrophin associated protein complex. These mutations lead to the production of altered proteins in response to which, the body stimulates production of various cytokines and immune cells, particularly reactive oxygen species and NFκB. Immune cells display/exhibit a dual role by inducing muscle damage and muscle repair. Various anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory and glucocorticoid drugs serve as potent therapeutics for muscular dystrophy. Along with the above mentioned therapeutics, induced pluripotent stem cells also serve as a novel approach paving a way for personalized treatment. These pluripotent stem cells allow regeneration of large numbers of regenerative myogenic progenitors that can be administered in muscular dystrophy patients which assist in the recovery of lost muscle fibers. In this review, we have summarized gene-editing, immunological and induced pluripotent stem cell based therapeutics for muscular dystrophy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, Punjab, India
| | - Tejpal Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, Punjab, India
| | - Chaitanya Kunja
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep S Dhoat
- Department of Pediatrics Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Narender K Dhania
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, Punjab, India.
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5
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Ausems CRM, van Engelen BGM, van Bokhoven H, Wansink DG. Systemic cell therapy for muscular dystrophies : The ultimate transplantable muscle progenitor cell and current challenges for clinical efficacy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:878-899. [PMID: 33349909 PMCID: PMC8166694 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle makes it an excellent target for cell therapy. However, the potential of muscle tissue to renew is typically exhausted and insufficient in muscular dystrophies (MDs), a large group of heterogeneous genetic disorders showing progressive loss of skeletal muscle fibers. Cell therapy for MDs has to rely on suppletion with donor cells with high myogenic regenerative capacity. Here, we provide an overview on stem cell lineages employed for strategies in MDs, with a focus on adult stem cells and progenitor cells resident in skeletal muscle. In the early days, the potential of myoblasts and satellite cells was explored, but after disappointing clinical results the field moved to other muscle progenitor cells, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Most recently, mesoangioblasts and pericytes have been pursued for muscle cell therapy, leading to a handful of preclinical studies and a clinical trial. The current status of (pre)clinical work for the most common forms of MD illustrates the existing challenges and bottlenecks. Besides the intrinsic properties of transplantable cells, we discuss issues relating to cell expansion and cell viability after transplantation, optimal dosage, and route and timing of administration. Since MDs are genetic conditions, autologous cell therapy and gene therapy will need to go hand-in-hand, bringing in additional complications. Finally, we discuss determinants for optimization of future clinical trials for muscle cell therapy. Joined research efforts bring hope that effective therapies for MDs are on the horizon to fulfil the unmet clinical need in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rosanne M Ausems
- Donders lnstitute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders lnstitute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Baziel G M van Engelen
- Donders lnstitute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Donders lnstitute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Derick G Wansink
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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6
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Biressi S, Filareto A, Rando TA. Stem cell therapy for muscular dystrophies. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5652-5664. [PMID: 32946430 DOI: 10.1172/jci142031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases, characterized by progressive degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscle. Despite the intense investigation of different therapeutic options, a definitive treatment has not been developed for this debilitating class of pathologies. Cell-based therapies in muscular dystrophies have been pursued experimentally for the last three decades. Several cell types with different characteristics and tissues of origin, including myogenic stem and progenitor cells, stromal cells, and pluripotent stem cells, have been investigated over the years and have recently entered in the clinical arena with mixed results. In this Review, we do a roundup of the past attempts and describe the updated status of cell-based therapies aimed at counteracting the skeletal and cardiac myopathy present in dystrophic patients. We present current challenges, summarize recent progress, and make recommendations for future research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Biressi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) and.,Dulbecco Telethon Institute, University of Trento, Povo, Italy
| | - Antonio Filareto
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Conneticut, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences and.,Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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7
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Kano K, Horiuchi K, Yoshida Y, Hayasaka T, Kabara M, Tomita Y, Tatsukawa T, Matsuo R, Sawada J, Nakagawa N, Takehara N, Hasebe N, Kawabe JI. EphA7 + perivascular cells as myogenic and angiogenic precursors improving skeletal muscle regeneration in a muscular dystrophic mouse model. Stem Cell Res 2020; 47:101914. [PMID: 32738632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a capacity for muscular regeneration mediated by satellite cells (SCs) and non-SCs. Although it is proposed that non-SCs are attractive therapeutic targets for dystrophies, the biological properties of these cells remain unclear. We have recently identified novel multipotent pericytes (PCs), capillary stem cells (CapSCs) derived from the microvasculature. In the present study, we determined if CapSCs contributed to myogenic regeneration using muscular dystrophy mouse model. CapSCs were isolated as EphA7+NG2+PCs from the subcutaneous adipose tissues of GFP-transgenic mice. Co-culture with C2C12 myoblast cells showed that CapSCs effectively enhanced myogenesis as compared to controls including EphA7- PCs and adipose stromal cells (ASCs). CapSCs transplanted in cardiotoxin-injured gastrocnemius muscles were well differentiated into both muscle fibers and microvessels, as compared to controls. At three weeks after cell-transplantation into the limbs of the mdx/utrn-/-mouse, CapSCs increased the number of GFP+myofibers along with dystrophin expression and the area size of myofibers, and also enhanced the muscular mass and its performance, assessed by treadmill test as compared to controls. In conclusion, CapSCs have potent myogenic regeneration capacity and improved the pathological condition in a muscular dystrophy mouse. Thus, CapSCs are an attractive cellular source in regenerative therapy for muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kano
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Horiuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yuri Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Taiki Hayasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Maki Kabara
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yui Tomita
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; Department of Radiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Tatsukawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Risa Matsuo
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Sawada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakagawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Naofumi Takehara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hasebe
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kawabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
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8
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Tang X, Daneshmandi L, Awale G, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Engineering. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 5:233-251. [PMID: 33778155 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles have the intrinsic ability to regenerate after minor injury, but under certain circumstances such as severe trauma from accidents, chronic diseases or battlefield injuries the regeneration process is limited. Skeletal muscle regenerative engineering has emerged as a promising approach to address this clinical issue. The regenerative engineering approach involves the convergence of advanced materials science, stem cell science, physical forces, insights from developmental biology, and clinical translation. This article reviews recent studies showing the potential of the convergences of technologies involving biomaterials, stem cells and bioactive factors in concert with clinical translation, in promoting skeletal muscle regeneration. Several types of biomaterials such as electrospun nanofibers, hydrogels, patterned scaffolds, decellularized tissues, and conductive matrices are being investigated. Detailed discussions are given on how these biomaterials can interact with cells and modulate their behavior through physical, chemical and mechanical cues. In addition, the application of physical forces such as mechanical and electrical stimulation are reviewed as strategies that can further enhance muscle contractility and functionality. The review also discusses established animal models to evaluate regeneration in two clinically relevant muscle injuries; volumetric muscle loss (VML) and muscle atrophy upon rotator cuff injury. Regenerative engineering approaches using advanced biomaterials, cells, and physical forces, developmental cues along with insights from immunology, genetics and other aspects of clinical translation hold significant potential to develop promising strategies to support skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tang
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Leila Daneshmandi
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Guleid Awale
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Lakshmi S Nair
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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9
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Teng S, Huang P. The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity on muscle progenitor cell function. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:103. [PMID: 30898146 PMCID: PMC6427880 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its primary function to provide movement and maintain posture, the skeletal muscle plays important roles in energy and glucose metabolism. In healthy humans, skeletal muscle is the major site for postprandial glucose uptake and impairment of this process contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A key component to the maintenance of skeletal muscle integrity and plasticity is the presence of muscle progenitor cells, including satellite cells, fibroadipogenic progenitors, and some interstitial progenitor cells associated with vessels (myo-endothelial cells, pericytes, and mesoangioblasts). In this review, we aim to discuss the emerging concepts related to these progenitor cells, focusing on the identification and characterization of distinct progenitor cell populations, and the impact of obesity and T2DM on these cells. The recent advances in stem cell therapies by targeting diabetic and obese muscle are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Teng
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Moyle LA, Tedesco FS, Benedetti S. Pericytes in Muscular Dystrophies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1147:319-344. [PMID: 31147885 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16908-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The muscular dystrophies are an heterogeneous group of inherited myopathies characterised by the progressive wasting of skeletal muscle tissue. Pericytes have been shown to make muscle in vitro and to contribute to skeletal muscle regeneration in several animal models, although recent data has shown this to be controversial. In fact, some pericyte subpopulations have been shown to contribute to fibrosis and adipose deposition in muscle. In this chapter, we explore the identity and the multifaceted role of pericytes in dystrophic muscle, potential therapeutic applications and the current need to overcome the hurdles of characterisation (both to identify pericyte subpopulations and track cell fate), to prevent deleterious differentiation towards myogenic-inhibiting subpopulations, and to improve cell proliferation and engraftment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Anne Moyle
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Francesco Saverio Tedesco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Sara Benedetti
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
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11
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a highly orchestrated process and involves the activation of many cellular and molecular pathways. Although satellite cells (SCs) are the major cell type responsible for muscle regeneration, pericytes show remarkable myogenic potential and various advantages as cell therapy in muscular disorders. This chapter first introduces the structure, marker expression, origin, and category of pericytes. Next, we discuss their functions in muscular dystrophy and/or muscle injuries, focusing on their myogenic, adipogenic, fibrogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic activities. Understanding this knowledge will promote the development of innovative cell therapies for muscle disorders, including muscular dystrophy.
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12
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Milner DJ, Bionaz M, Monaco E, Cameron JA, Wheeler MB. Myogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from porcine adipose tissue. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:507-522. [PMID: 29318389 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advances in stem cell biology and materials science have provided a basis for developing tissue engineering methods to repair muscle injury. Among stem cell populations with potential to aid muscle repair, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) hold great promise. To evaluate the possibility of using porcine ASC for muscle regeneration studies, we co-cultured porcine ASC with murine C2C12 myoblasts. These experiments demonstrated that porcine ASC display significant myogenic potential. Co-culture of ASC expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) with C2C12 cells resulted in GFP+ myotube formation, indicating fusion of ASC with myoblasts to form myotubes. The presence of porcine lamin A/C positive nuclei in myotubes and RTqPCR analysis of porcine myogenin and desmin expression confirmed that myotube nuclei derived from ASC contribute to muscle gene expression. Co-culturing GFP+ASC with porcine satellite cells demonstrated enhanced myogenic capability of ASC, as the percentage of labeled myotubes increased compared to mouse co-cultures. Enhancing myogenic potential of ASC through soluble factor treatment or expansion of ASC with innate myogenic capacity should allow for their therapeutic use to regenerate muscle tissue lost to disease or injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Milner
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Elisa Monaco
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jo Ann Cameron
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Matthew B Wheeler
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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13
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Baghdadi MB, Tajbakhsh S. Regulation and phylogeny of skeletal muscle regeneration. Dev Biol 2018; 433:200-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Tedesco FS, Moyle LA, Perdiguero E. Muscle Interstitial Cells: A Brief Field Guide to Non-satellite Cell Populations in Skeletal Muscle. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1556:129-147. [PMID: 28247348 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6771-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is mainly enabled by a population of adult stem cells known as satellite cells. Satellite cells have been shown to be indispensable for adult skeletal muscle repair and regeneration. In the last two decades, other stem/progenitor cell populations resident in the skeletal muscle interstitium have been identified as "collaborators" of satellite cells during regeneration. They also appear to have a key role in replacing skeletal muscle with adipose, fibrous, or bone tissue in pathological conditions. Here, we review the role and known functions of these different interstitial skeletal muscle cell types and discuss their role in skeletal muscle tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and disease, including their therapeutic potential for cell transplantation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saverio Tedesco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6DE, London, UK.
| | - Louise A Moyle
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6DE, London, UK
| | - Eusebio Perdiguero
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Jana S, Lan Levengood SK, Zhang M. Anisotropic Materials for Skeletal-Muscle-Tissue Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10588-10612. [PMID: 27865007 PMCID: PMC5253134 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Repair of damaged skeletal-muscle tissue is limited by the regenerative capacity of the native tissue. Current clinical approaches are not optimal for the treatment of large volumetric skeletal-muscle loss. As an alternative, tissue engineering represents a promising approach for the functional restoration of damaged muscle tissue. A typical tissue-engineering process involves the design and fabrication of a scaffold that closely mimics the native skeletal-muscle extracellular matrix (ECM), allowing organization of cells into a physiologically relevant 3D architecture. In particular, anisotropic materials that mimic the morphology of the native skeletal-muscle ECM, can be fabricated using various biocompatible materials to guide cell alignment, elongation, proliferation, and differentiation into myotubes. Here, an overview of fundamental concepts associated with muscle-tissue engineering and the current status of muscle-tissue-engineering approaches is provided. Recent advances in the development of anisotropic scaffolds with micro- or nanoscale features are reviewed, and how scaffold topographical, mechanical, and biochemical cues correlate to observed cellular function and phenotype development is examined. Finally, some recent developments in both the design and utility of anisotropic materials in skeletal-muscle-tissue engineering are highlighted, along with their potential impact on future research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Jana
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Sheeny K. Lan Levengood
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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16
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Durgam SS, Stewart AA, Sivaguru M, Wagoner Johnson AJ, Stewart MC. Tendon-derived progenitor cells improve healing of collagenase-induced flexor tendinitis. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:2162-2171. [PMID: 27035120 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendinitis is a common and a performance-limiting injury in athletes. This study describes the value of intralesional tendon-derived progenitor cell (TDPC) injections in equine flexor tendinitis. Collagenase-induced tendinitis was created in both front superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendons. Four weeks later, the forelimb tendon lesions were treated with 1 × 107 autogenous TDPCs or saline. Tendinitis was also induced by collagenase in one hind SDF tendon, to study the survival and distribution of DiI-labeled TDPCs 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after injection. The remaining normal tendon was used as a "control." Twelve weeks after forelimb TDPC injections, tendons were harvested for assessment of matrix gene expression, biochemical, biomechanical, and histological characteristics. DiI-labeled TDPCs were abundant 1 week after injection but gradually declined over time and were undetectable after 6 weeks. Twelve weeks after TDPC injection, collagens I and III, COMP and tenomodulin mRNA levels were similar (p = 0.3) in both TDPC and saline groups and higher (p < 0.05) than normal tendon. Yield and maximal stresses of the TDPC group were significantly greater (p = 0.005) than the saline group's and similar (p = 0.6) to normal tendon. However, the elastic modulus of the TDPC and saline groups were not significantly different (p = 0.32). Histological assessment of the repair tissues with Fourier transform-second harmonic generation imaging demonstrated that collagen alignment was significantly better (p = 0.02) in TDPC group than in the saline controls. In summary, treating collagenase-induced flexor tendon lesions with TDPCs improved the tensile strength and collagen fiber alignment of the repair tissue. Study Design © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:2162-2171, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha S Durgam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 1008 W Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, Illinois, 61802
| | - Allison A Stewart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 1008 W Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, Illinois, 61802
| | - Mayandi Sivaguru
- Core Facilities, Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Amy J Wagoner Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Matthew C Stewart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 1008 W Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, Illinois, 61802
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17
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Ostrovidov S, Shi X, Sadeghian RB, Salehi S, Fujie T, Bae H, Ramalingam M, Khademhosseini A. Stem Cell Differentiation Toward the Myogenic Lineage for Muscle Tissue Regeneration: A Focus on Muscular Dystrophy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:866-84. [PMID: 26323256 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering is one of the important ways for regenerating functionally defective muscles. Among the myopathies, the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive disease due to mutations of the dystrophin gene leading to progressive myofiber degeneration with severe symptoms. Although current therapies in muscular dystrophy are still very challenging, important progress has been made in materials science and in cellular technologies with the use of stem cells. It is therefore useful to review these advances and the results obtained in a clinical point of view. This article focuses on the differentiation of stem cells into myoblasts, and their application in muscular dystrophy. After an overview of the different stem cells that can be induced to differentiate into the myogenic lineage, we introduce scaffolding materials used for muscular tissue engineering. We then described some widely used methods to differentiate different types of stem cell into myoblasts. We highlight recent insights obtained in therapies for muscular dystrophy. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on stem cell technology. We discussed in parallel the benefits brought by the evolution of the materials and by the expansion of cell sources which can differentiate into myoblasts. We also discussed on future challenges for clinical applications and how to accelerate the translation from the research to the clinic in the frame of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ostrovidov
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Xuetao Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction & School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Ramin Banan Sadeghian
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Sahar Salehi
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Hojae Bae
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Christian Medical College Bagayam Campus, Centre for Stem Cell Research, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02139, USA.
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Kesireddy V. Evaluation of adipose-derived stem cells for tissue-engineered muscle repair construct-mediated repair of a murine model of volumetric muscle loss injury. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1461-73. [PMID: 27114706 PMCID: PMC4833361 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) can occur from congenital defects, muscle wasting diseases, civilian or military injuries, and as a result of surgical removal of muscle tissue (eg, cancer), all of which can lead to irrevocable functional and cosmetic defects. Current tissue engineering strategies to repair VML often employ muscle-derived progenitor cells (MDCs) as one component. However, there are some inherent limitations in their in vitro culture expansion. Thus, this study explores the potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) as an alternative cell source to MDCs for tissue engineering of skeletal muscle. A reproducible VML injury model in murine latissimus dorsi muscle was used to evaluate tissue-engineered muscle repair (TEMR) constructs incorporating MDCs or ADSCs. Importantly, histological analysis revealed that ADSC-seeded constructs displayed regeneration potential that was comparable to those seeded with MDCs 2 months postrepair. Furthermore, morphological analysis of retrieved constructs demonstrated signs of neotissue formation, including cell fusion, fiber formation, and scaffold remodeling. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positive staining for both structural and functional proteins. Positive staining for vascular structures indicated the potential for long-term neotissue survival and integration with existing musculature. Qualitative observation of lentivirus-Cherry-labeled donor cells by immunohistochemistry indicates that participation of ADSCs in new hybrid myofiber formation incorporating donor cells was relatively low, compared to donor MDCs. However, ADSCs appear to participate in vascularization. In summary, I have demonstrated that TEMR constructs generated with ADSCs displayed skeletal muscle regeneration potential comparable to TEMR–MDC constructs as previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Kesireddy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Abstract
There have been significant breakthroughs over the past decade in the development and use of pluripotent stem cells as a potential source of cells for applications in regenerative medicine. It is likely that this methodology will begin to play an important role in human clinical medicine in the years to come. This review describes the plasticity of one type of pluripotent cell, spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), and their potential therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine and male infertility. Normally, SSCs give rise to sperm when in the testis. However, both human and murine SSCs can give rise to cells with embryonic stem (ES) cell-like characteristics that can be directed to differentiate into tissues of all three embryonic germ layers when placed in an appropriate inductive microenvironment, which is in contrast to other postnatal stem cells. Previous studies have reported that SSCs expressed an intermediate pluripotent phenotype before differentiating into a specific cell type and that extended culture was necessary for this to occur. However, recent studies from our group using a tissue recombination model demonstrated that SSCs differentiated rapidly into another tissue, in this case, prostatic epithelium, without expression of pluripotent ES cell markers before differentiation. These results suggest that SSCs are capable of directly differentiating into other cell types without going through an intermediate ES cell-like stage. Because SSCs do not require reprogramming to achieve a pluripotent state, they are an attractive source of pluripotent cells for use in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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20
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Domi T, Porrello E, Velardo D, Capotondo A, Biffi A, Tonlorenzi R, Amadio S, Ambrosi A, Miyagoe-Suzuki Y, Takeda S, Ruegg MA, Previtali SC. Mesoangioblast delivery of miniagrin ameliorates murine model of merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A. Skelet Muscle 2015; 5:30. [PMID: 26347253 PMCID: PMC4560053 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-015-0055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type-1A (MDC1A) is characterized by progressive muscular dystrophy and dysmyelinating neuropathy caused by mutations of the α2 chain of laminin-211, the predominant laminin isoform of muscles and nerves. MDC1A has no available treatment so far, although preclinical studies showed amelioration of the disease by the overexpression of miniagrin (MAG). MAG reconnects orphan laminin-211 receptors to other laminin isoforms available in the extracellular matrix of MDC1A mice. Methods Mesoangioblasts (MABs) are vessel-associated progenitors that can form the skeletal muscle and have been shown to restore defective protein levels and motor skills in animal models of muscular dystrophies. As gene therapy in humans still presents challenging technical issues and limitations, we engineered MABs to overexpress MAG to treat MDC1A mouse models, thus combining cell to gene therapy. Results MABs synthesize and secrete only negligible amount of laminin-211 either in vitro or in vivo. MABs engineered to deliver MAG and injected in muscles of MDC1A mice showed amelioration of muscle histology, increased expression of laminin receptors in muscle, and attenuated deterioration of motor performances. MABs did not enter the peripheral nerves, thus did not affect the associated peripheral neuropathy. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the potential efficacy of combining cell with gene therapy to treat MDC1A. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-015-0055-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teuta Domi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Porrello
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Velardo
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Capotondo
- Tiget and Division of Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biffi
- Tiget and Division of Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Rossana Tonlorenzi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Amadio
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Yuko Miyagoe-Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Stefano Carlo Previtali
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
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21
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Berry SE. Concise review: mesoangioblast and mesenchymal stem cell therapy for muscular dystrophy: progress, challenges, and future directions. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:91-8. [PMID: 25391645 PMCID: PMC4275006 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and mesoangioblasts (MABs) are multipotent cells that differentiate into specialized cells of mesodermal origin, including skeletal muscle cells. Because of their potential to differentiate into the skeletal muscle lineage, these multipotent cells have been tested for their capacity to participate in regeneration of damaged skeletal muscle in animal models of muscular dystrophy. MSCs and MABs infiltrate dystrophic muscle from the circulation, engraft into host fibers, and bring with them proteins that replace the functions of those missing or truncated. The potential for systemic delivery of these cells increases the feasibility of stem cell therapy for the large numbers of affected skeletal muscles in patients with muscular dystrophy. The present review focused on the results of preclinical studies with MSCs and MABs in animal models of muscular dystrophy. The goals of the present report were to (a) summarize recent results, (b) compare the efficacy of MSCs and MABs derived from different tissues in restoration of protein expression and/or improvement in muscle function, and (c) discuss future directions for translating these discoveries to the clinic. In addition, although systemic delivery of MABs and MSCs is of great importance for reaching dystrophic muscles, the potential concerns related to this method of stem cell transplantation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Berry
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Institute for Genomic Biology, and Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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22
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A PiggyBac-mediated approach for muscle gene transfer or cell therapy. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:390-403. [PMID: 25310255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging therapeutic approach for Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the transplantation of autologous myogenic progenitor cells genetically modified to express dystrophin. The use of this approach is challenged by the difficulty in maintaining these cells ex vivo while keeping their myogenic potential, and ensuring sufficient transgene expression following their transplantation and myogenic differentiation in vivo. We investigated the use of the piggyBac transposon system to achieve stable gene expression when transferred to cultured mesoangioblasts and into murine muscles. Without selection, up to 8% of the mesoangioblasts expressed the transgene from 1 to 2 genomic copies of the piggyBac vector. Integration occurred mostly in intergenic genomic DNA and transgene expression was stable in vitro. Intramuscular transplantation of mouse Tibialis anterior muscles with mesoangioblasts containing the transposon led to sustained myofiber GFP expression in vivo. In contrast, the direct electroporation of the transposon-donor plasmids in the mouse Tibialis muscles in vivo did not lead to sustained transgene expression despite molecular evidence of piggyBac transposition in vivo. Together these findings provide a proof-of-principle that piggyBac transposon may be considered for mesoangioblast cell-based therapies of muscular dystrophies.
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Abstract
Although the adult mammalian heart was once believed to be a post-mitotic organ without any capacity for regeneration, recent findings have challenged this dogma. A modified view assigns to the mammalian heart a measurable capacity for regeneration throughout life. The ultimate goals of the cardiac regeneration field have been pursued by multiple strategies, including understanding the developmental biology of cardiomyocytes and cardiac stem and progenitor cells, applying chemical genetics, and engineering biomaterials and delivery methods that facilitate cell transplantation. Successful stimulation of endogenous regenerative capacity in injured adult mammalian hearts can benefit from studies of natural cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Cellular dynamics in the muscle satellite cell niche. EMBO Rep 2013; 14:1062-72. [PMID: 24232182 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2013.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells, the quintessential skeletal muscle stem cells, reside in a specialized local environment whose anatomy changes dynamically during tissue regeneration. The plasticity of this niche is attributable to regulation by the stem cells themselves and to a multitude of functionally diverse cell types. In particular, immune cells, fibrogenic cells, vessel-associated cells and committed and differentiated cells of the myogenic lineage have emerged as important constituents of the satellite cell niche. Here, we discuss the cellular dynamics during muscle regeneration and how disease can lead to perturbation of these mechanisms. To define the role of cellular components in the muscle stem cell niche is imperative for the development of cell-based therapies, as well as to better understand the pathobiology of degenerative conditions of the skeletal musculature.
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25
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Simon L, Cooke PS, Berry SE. Aorta-derived mesoangioblasts can be differentiated into functional uterine epithelium, but not prostatic epithelium or epidermis, by instructive mesenchymes. Cells Tissues Organs 2013; 198:169-78. [PMID: 24192012 DOI: 10.1159/000354900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoangiobasts are blood vessel-derived stem cells that differentiate into smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells. We have reported that postnatal aorta-derived mesoangioblasts (ADM) regenerate skeletal muscle and prevent onset of dilated cardiomyopathy in animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. ADM also differentiate into myelinating glial cells, suggesting they are multipotent and capable of generating mesodermal or ectodermal derivatives. Mesenchyme of some fetal organs is a potent instructive inducer. Here we examined whether ADM can differentiate into prostatic, uterine, and skin epithelium by recombining ADM with fetal or neonatal mesenchyme from these organs and grafting them under the renal capsule of syngeneic hosts. In tissue recombinants of uterine mesenchyme (UtM) and ADM, ADM formed histologically normal simple columnar uterine epithelium that expressed estrogen receptor 1 and in response to estrogen showed increased mitogenesis and downregulation of progesterone receptor. In contrast, ADM did not differentiate into prostatic epithelium or epidermis when recombined with urogenital sinus mesenchyme or fetal dermis, respectively. These results indicate that ADM can respond to cues from neonatal UtM and differentiate into morphologically and functionally normal uterine epithelial cells, and support previous reports that ADM can differentiate into a variety of tissues of the mesodermal lineage. However, these data indicate that ADM are restricted in their capacity to differentiate into endodermal and ectodermal derivatives such as prostatic and skin epithelial cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, La., USA
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26
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Adult stem cells derived from skeletal muscle — biology and potential. Open Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSkeletal muscle contains at least two distinct populations of adult stem cells — satellite cells and multipotent muscle-derived stem cells. Monopotential satellite cells are located under the basal lamina of muscle fibers. They are capable of giving rise only to cells of myogenic lineage, which play an important role in the processes of muscle regeneration. Multipotent muscle-derived stem cells are considered to be predecessors of the satellite cells. Under proper conditions, both in vitro and in vivo, they undergo myogenic, cardiogenic, chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The main purpose of the present article is to summarize current information about adult stem cells derived from skeletal muscle, and to discuss their isolation and in vitro expansion techniques, biological properties, as well as their potential for regenerative medicine.
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27
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Odintsov B, Chun JL, Berry SE. Whole body MRI and fluorescent microscopy for detection of stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and DiI following intramuscular and systemic delivery. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1052:177-193. [PMID: 23733536 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2013_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Methods to monitor transplanted stem cells in vivo are of great importance for potential therapeutic applications. Of particular interest are methods allowing noninvasive detection of stem cells throughout the body. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a tool that would allow detection of cells in nearly any tissue in the body and is already commonly used in the clinic. MRI tracking of stem cells is therefore feasible and likely to be easily adapted to patients receiving donor cells. Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are good candidates for stem cell therapy, given the naturally regenerative nature of skeletal muscle, which repairs damage by employing endogenous stem cells from the muscle interstitium to regenerate muscle fibers throughout adulthood. We describe methods for labeling stem cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) to enhance MRI contrast, injecting them locally into skeletal and cardiac muscle, or systemically in mouse models for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and tracking them in muscle tissue of live mice following injection. We focus on the use of whole body MRI to detect stem cells, as this is necessary for conditions such as muscular dystrophy, in which affected tissues are present throughout the body and systemic delivery of stem cells may be necessary. Emphasis is placed on the development of an MRI coil that is field of view (FOV) adjustable and can be used for both whole body imaging to determine stem cell localization as well as subsequent focusing on smaller, local regions where stem cells are present to obtain high-resolution images. We discuss the coil design and its significance for stem cell tracking. We also describe methods for labeling stem cells with a fluorescent dye and for tracking them in postmortem tissue specimens with fluorescent microscopy to correlate, compare, and contrast with results of whole body MRI in preclinical studies.
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28
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Chun JL, O'Brien R, Song MH, Wondrasch BF, Berry SE. Injection of vessel-derived stem cells prevents dilated cardiomyopathy and promotes angiogenesis and endogenous cardiac stem cell proliferation in mdx/utrn-/- but not aged mdx mouse models for duchenne muscular dystrophy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012; 2:68-80. [PMID: 23283493 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy. DMD patients lack dystrophin protein and develop skeletal muscle pathology and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Approximately 20% succumb to cardiac involvement. We hypothesized that mesoangioblast stem cells (aorta-derived mesoangioblasts [ADMs]) would restore dystrophin and alleviate or prevent DCM in animal models of DMD. ADMs can be induced to express cardiac markers, including Nkx2.5, cardiac tropomyosin, cardiac troponin I, and α-actinin, and adopt cardiomyocyte morphology. Transplantation of ADMs into the heart of mdx/utrn(-/-) mice prior to development of DCM prevented onset of cardiomyopathy, as measured by echocardiography, and resulted in significantly higher CD31 expression, consistent with new vessel formation. Dystrophin-positive cardiomyocytes and increased proliferation of endogenous Nestin(+) cardiac stem cells were detected in ADM-injected heart. Nestin(+) striated cells were also detected in four of five mdx/utrn(-/-) hearts injected with ADMs. In contrast, when ADMs were injected into the heart of aged mdx mice with advanced fibrosis, no functional improvement was detected by echocardiography. Instead, ADMs exacerbated some features of DCM. No dystrophin protein, increase in CD31 expression, or increase in Nestin(+) cell proliferation was detected following ADM injection in aged mdx heart. Dystrophin was observed following transplantation of ADMs into the hearts of young mdx mice, however, suggesting that pathology in aged mdx heart may alter the fate of donor stem cells. In summary, ADMs delay or prevent development of DCM in dystrophin-deficient heart, but timing of stem cell transplantation may be critical for achieving benefit with cell therapy in DMD cardiac muscle.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/prevention & control
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Humans
- Intermediate Filament Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/therapy
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Nestin
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/physiology
- Utrophin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Lan Chun
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Tedesco FS, Gerli MFM, Perani L, Benedetti S, Ungaro F, Cassano M, Antonini S, Tagliafico E, Artusi V, Longa E, Tonlorenzi R, Ragazzi M, Calderazzi G, Hoshiya H, Cappellari O, Mora M, Schoser B, Schneiderat P, Oshimura M, Bottinelli R, Sampaolesi M, Torrente Y, Broccoli V, Cossu G. Transplantation of genetically corrected human iPSC-derived progenitors in mice with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:140ra89. [PMID: 22745439 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesoangioblasts are stem/progenitor cells derived from a subset of pericytes found in muscle that express alkaline phosphatase. They have been shown to ameliorate the disease phenotypes of different animal models of muscular dystrophy and are now undergoing clinical testing in children affected by Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Here, we show that patients with a related disease, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2D (LGMD2D), which is caused by mutations in the gene encoding α-sarcoglycan, have reduced numbers of this pericyte subset and thus produce too few mesoangioblasts for use in autologous cell therapy. Hence, we reprogrammed fibroblasts and myoblasts from LGMD2D patients to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and developed a protocol for the derivation of mesoangioblast-like cells from these iPSCs. The iPSC-derived mesoangioblasts were expanded and genetically corrected in vitro with a lentiviral vector carrying the gene encoding human α-sarcoglycan and a promoter that would ensure expression only in striated muscle. When these genetically corrected human iPSC-derived mesoangioblasts were transplanted into α-sarcoglycan-null immunodeficient mice, they generated muscle fibers that expressed α-sarcoglycan. Finally, transplantation of mouse iPSC-derived mesoangioblasts into α-sarcoglycan-null immunodeficient mice resulted in functional amelioration of the dystrophic phenotype and restoration of the depleted progenitors. These findings suggest that transplantation of genetically corrected mesoangioblast-like cells generated from iPSCs from LGMD2D patients may be useful for treating this type of muscular dystrophy and perhaps other forms of muscular dystrophy as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saverio Tedesco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
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Perkins KJ, Davies KE. Recent advances in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2012; 2:141-164. [PMID: 30890885 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s26637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an allelic X-linked progressive muscle-wasting disease, is one of the most common single-gene disorders in the developed world. Despite knowledge of the underlying genetic causation and resultant pathophysiology from lack of dystrophin protein at the muscle sarcolemma, clinical intervention is currently restricted to symptom management. In recent years, however, unprecedented advances in strategies devised to correct the primary defect through gene- and cell-based therapeutics hold particular promise for treating dystrophic muscle. Conventional gene replacement and endogenous modification strategies have greatly benefited from continued improvements in encapsidation capacity, transduction efficiency, and systemic delivery. In particular, RNA-based modifying approaches such as exon skipping enable expression of a shorter but functional dystrophin protein and rapid progress toward clinical application. Emerging combined gene- and cell-therapy strategies also illustrate particular promise in enabling ex vivo genetic correction and autologous transplantation to circumvent a number of immune challenges. These approaches are complemented by a vast array of pharmacological approaches, in particular the successful identification of molecules that enable functional replacement or ameliorate secondary DMD pathology. Animal models have been instrumental in providing proof of principle for many of these strategies, leading to several recent trials that have investigated their efficacy in DMD patients. Although none has reached the point of clinical use, rapid improvements in experimental technology and design draw this goal ever closer. Here, we review therapeutic approaches to DMD, with particular emphasis on recent progress in strategic development, preclinical evaluation and establishment of clinical efficacy. Further, we discuss the numerous challenges faced and synergistic approaches being devised to combat dystrophic pathology effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Perkins
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology.,MRC Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
| | - Kay E Davies
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on stem cell-based therapies to treat skeletal muscle disorders, with a special emphasis on muscular dystrophies. RECENT FINDINGS We briefly review previous attempts at cell therapy by the use of donor myoblasts, explaining the likely reasons for the poor clinical results; we then describe the use of the same cells in current promising trials for localized treatments of different diseases of skeletal muscle. Moreover, we discuss important novel findings on muscle stem/progenitor cell biology and their promise for future clinical translation. Preclinical and clinical applications of novel myogenic stem/progenitor cells are also described. SUMMARY We summarize several ongoing clinical trials for different muscle disorders and the advances in the understanding of the biology of the myogenic progenitors used in such trials. On the basis of the currently available information, a prediction of developments in the field is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco S Tedesco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Bentzinger CF, Wang YX, von Maltzahn J, Rudnicki MA. The emerging biology of muscle stem cells: implications for cell-based therapies. Bioessays 2012; 35:231-41. [PMID: 22886714 PMCID: PMC3594813 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies for degenerative diseases of the musculature remain on the verge of feasibility. Myogenic cells are relatively abundant, accessible, and typically harbor significant proliferative potential ex vivo. However, their use for therapeutic intervention is limited due to several critical aspects of their complex biology. Recent insights based on mouse models have advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling the function of myogenic progenitors significantly. Moreover, the discovery of atypical myogenic cell types with the ability to cross the blood-muscle barrier has opened exciting new therapeutic avenues. In this paper, we outline the major problems that are currently associated with the manipulation of myogenic cells and discuss promising strategies to overcome these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Florian Bentzinger
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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33
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate enhances satellite cell activation in dystrophic muscles through a S1PR2/STAT3 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37218. [PMID: 22606352 PMCID: PMC3351440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) activates a widely expressed family of G protein-coupled receptors, serves as a muscle trophic factor and activates muscle stem cells called satellite cells (SCs) through unknown mechanisms. Here we show that muscle injury induces dynamic changes in S1P signaling and metabolism in vivo. These changes include early and profound induction of the gene encoding the S1P biosynthetic enzyme SphK1, followed by induction of the catabolic enzyme sphingosine phosphate lyase (SPL) 3 days later. These changes correlate with a transient increase in circulating S1P levels after muscle injury. We show a specific requirement for SphK1 to support efficient muscle regeneration and SC proliferation and differentiation. Mdx mice, which serve as a model for muscular dystrophy (MD), were found to be S1P-deficient and exhibited muscle SPL upregulation, suggesting that S1P catabolism is enhanced in dystrophic muscle. Pharmacological SPL inhibition increased muscle S1P levels, improved mdx muscle regeneration and enhanced SC proliferation via S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2)-dependent inhibition of Rac1, thereby activating Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a central player in inflammatory signaling. STAT3 activation resulted in p21 and p27 downregulation in a S1PR2-dependent fashion in myoblasts. Our findings suggest that S1P promotes SC progression through the cell cycle by repression of cell cycle inhibitors via S1PR2/STAT3-dependent signaling and that SPL inhibition may provide a therapeutic strategy for MD.
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34
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Liu J, Milner DJ, Boppart MD, Ross RS, Kaufman SJ. β1D chain increases α7β1 integrin and laminin and protects against sarcolemmal damage in mdx mice. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:1592-603. [PMID: 22180459 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex connects myofibers with extracellular matrix laminin. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, this linkage system is absent and the integrity of muscle fibers is compromised. One potential therapy for addressing muscular dystrophy is to augment the amount of α7β1 integrin, the major laminin-binding integrin in skeletal muscle. Whereas transgenic over-expression of α7 chain may alleviate development of muscular dystrophy and extend the lifespan of severely dystrophic mdx/utrn(-/-) mice, further enhancing levels of α7 chain provided little additional membrane integrin and negligible additional improvement in mdx mice. We demonstrate here that normal levels of β1 chain limit formation of integrin heterodimer and that increasing β1D chain in mdx mice results in more functional integrin at the sarcolemma, more matrix laminin and decreased damage of muscle fibers. Moreover, increasing the amount of β1D chain in vitro enhances transcription of α7 integrin and α2 laminin genes and the amounts of these proteins. Thus manipulation of β1D integrin expression offers a novel approach to enhance integrin-mediated therapy for muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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35
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Patel K, Morgan J. 185th ENMC International Workshop: stem/precursor cells as a therapeutic strategy for muscular dystrophies 3-5 June 2011, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2011; 22:447-52. [PMID: 22130186 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Hopkins Building, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
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36
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Wang L, Kamath A, Frye J, Iwamoto GA, Chun JL, Berry SE. Aorta-derived mesoangioblasts differentiate into the oligodendrocytes by inhibition of the Rho kinase signaling pathway. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:1069-89. [PMID: 21793703 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoangioblasts are vessel-derived stem cells that differentiate into mesodermal derivatives. We have isolated postnatal aorta-derived mesoangioblasts (ADMs) that differentiate into smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle, and adipocytes, and regenerate damaged skeletal muscle in a murine model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We report that the marker profile of ADM is similar to that of mesoangioblasts isolated from embryonic dorsal aorta, postnatal bone marrow, and heart, but distinct from mesoangioblasts derived from skeletal muscle. We also demonstrate that ADM differentiate into myelinating glial cells. ADM localize to peripheral nerve bundles in regenerating muscles and exhibit morphology and marker expression of mature Schwann cells, and myelinate axons. In vitro, ADM spontaneously express markers of oligodendrocyte progenitors, including the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan NG2, nestin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor α, the A2B5 antigen, thyroid hormone nuclear receptor α, and O4. Pharmacological inhibition of Rho kinase (ROCK) initiated process extension by ADM, and when combined with insulin-like growth factor 1, PDGF, and thyroid hormone, enhanced ADM expression of oligodendrocyte precursor markers and maturation into the oligodendrocyte lineage. ADM injected into the right lateral ventricle of the brain migrate to the corpus callosum, and cerebellar white matter, where they express components of myelin. Because ADM differentiate or mature into cell types of both mesodermal and ectodermal origin, they may be useful for treatment of a variety of degenerative diseases, or repair and regeneration of multiple cell types in severely damaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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37
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Rouger K, Larcher T, Dubreil L, Deschamps JY, Le Guiner C, Jouvion G, Delorme B, Lieubeau B, Carlus M, Fornasari B, Theret M, Orlando P, Ledevin M, Zuber C, Leroux I, Deleau S, Guigand L, Testault I, Le Rumeur E, Fiszman M, Chérel Y. Systemic delivery of allogenic muscle stem cells induces long-term muscle repair and clinical efficacy in duchenne muscular dystrophy dogs. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:2501-18. [PMID: 21924229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic progressive muscle disease resulting from the lack of dystrophin and without effective treatment. Adult stem cell populations have given new impetus to cell-based therapy of neuromuscular diseases. One of them, muscle-derived stem cells, isolated based on delayed adhesion properties, contributes to injured muscle repair. However, these data were collected in dystrophic mice that exhibit a relatively mild tissue phenotype and clinical features of DMD patients. Here, we characterized canine delayed adherent stem cells and investigated the efficacy of their systemic delivery in the clinically relevant DMD animal model to assess potential therapeutic application in humans. Delayed adherent stem cells, named MuStem cells (muscle stem cells), were isolated from healthy dog muscle using a preplating technique. In vitro, MuStem cells displayed a large expansion capacity, an ability to proliferate in suspension, and a multilineage differentiation potential. Phenotypically, they corresponded to early myogenic progenitors and uncommitted cells. When injected in immunosuppressed dystrophic dogs, they contributed to myofiber regeneration, satellite cell replenishment, and dystrophin expression. Importantly, their systemic delivery resulted in long-term dystrophin expression, muscle damage course limitation with an increased regeneration activity and an interstitial expansion restriction, and persisting stabilization of the dog's clinical status. These results demonstrate that MuStem cells could provide an attractive therapeutic avenue for DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Rouger
- INRA, UMR 703 Développement et Pathologie du Tissu Musculaire, Nantes, France.
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38
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Odintsov B, Chun JL, Mulligan JA, Berry SE. 14.1 T whole body MRI for detection of mesoangioblast stem cells in a murine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Magn Reson Med 2011; 66:1704-14. [PMID: 22086733 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive imaging procedures will be important for stem cell therapy for muscular dystrophy (MD). Mesoangioblasts regenerate muscle in animal models of muscular dystrophy. In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were used to visualize mesoangioblasts in vivo with MRI. Mesoangioblasts incorporated superparamagnetic iron oxide without transfection reagents, and cell differentiation was not negatively impacted. A custom-built radiofrequency coil with an adjustable field of view and 14.1 T magnet were used for whole-body MRI of mice. High-resolution images of mesoangioblasts in skeletal and cardiac muscle of Mdx mice were obtained following local delivery. Labeled cells were verified by Prussian blue staining and dystrophin expression, indicating that the wild-type mesoangioblasts survived and differentiated in muscle. Iron-labeled cells were detected with MRI in vivo 6 months following intracardiac injection but were determined to be activated macrophages. Iron-labeled cells were not detected by MRI following systemic delivery but were present in skeletal and cardiac muscle, visualized by Prussian blue staining. Systemically delivered mesoangioblasts were detected in lungs by Prussian blue staining and DiI but not by MRI in our study. MRI may be useful for short-term tracking of mesoangioblasts delivered locally but not for long-term monitoring or detection after systemic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Odintsov
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
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39
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Abstract
The development of effective therapies for neuromuscular disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is hampered by considerable challenges: skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in the body, and many neuromuscular disorders are multisystemic conditions. However, despite these barriers there has recently been substantial progress in the search for novel treatments. In particular, the use of antisense oligonucleotides, which are designed to target RNA and modulate pre-mRNA splicing to restore functional protein isoforms or directly inhibit the toxic effects of pathogenic RNAs, offers great promise and these approaches are now being tested in the clinic. Here, we review recent advances in the development of such antisense oligonucleotides and other promising novel approaches, including the induction of readthrough nonsense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Muntoni
- UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, 30 Guildford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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40
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Sancricca C, Mirabella M, Gliubizzi C, Broccolini A, Gidaro T, Morosetti R. Vessel-associated stem cells from skeletal muscle: From biology to future uses in cell therapy. World J Stem Cells 2010; 2:39-49. [PMID: 21607121 PMCID: PMC3097924 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v2.i3.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, the existence of different stem cells with myogenic potential has been widely investigated. Besides the classical skeletal muscle progenitors represented by satellite cells, numerous multipotent and embryologically unrelated progenitors with a potential role in muscle differentiation and repair have been identified. In order to conceive a therapeutic approach for degenerative muscle disorders, it is of primary importance to identify an ideal stem cell endowed with all the features for a possible use in vivo. Among all emerging populations, vessel-associated stem cells are a novel and promising class of multipotent progenitors of mesodermal origin and with high myogenic potential which seem to best fit all the requirements for a possible cell therapy. In vitro and in vivostudies have already tested the effectiveness and safety of vessel-associated stem cells in animal models. This leads to the concrete possibility in the future to start pilot human clinical trials, hopefully opening the way to a turning point in the treatment of genetic and acquired muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sancricca
- Cristina Sancricca, Massimiliano Mirabella, Carla Gliubizzi, Aldobrando Broccolini, Teresa Gidaro, Roberta Morosetti, Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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41
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Wang Z, Chamberlain JS, Tapscott SJ, Storb R. Gene therapy in large animal models of muscular dystrophy. ILAR J 2009; 50:187-98. [PMID: 19293461 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.50.2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The muscular dystrophies are a group of genetically and phenotypically heterogeneously inherited diseases characterized by progressive muscle wasting, which can lead to premature death in severe forms such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In many cases they are caused by the absence of proteins that are critical components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, which links the cytoskeleton and the basal lamina. There is no effective treatment for these disorders at present, but several novel strategies for replacing or repairing the defective gene are in development, with early encouraging results from animal models. We review these strategies, which include the use of stem cells of different tissue origins, gene replacement therapies mediated by various viral vectors, and transcript repair treatments using exon skipping strategies. We comment on their advantages and on limitations that must be overcome before successful application to human patients. Our focus is on studies in a clinically relevant large canine model of DMD. Recent advances in the field suggest that effective therapies for muscular dystrophies are on the horizon. Because of the complex nature of these diseases, it may be necessary to combine multiple approaches to achieve a successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejing Wang
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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42
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The value of mammalian models for duchenne muscular dystrophy in developing therapeutic strategies. Curr Top Dev Biol 2009; 84:431-53. [PMID: 19186250 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(08)00609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy. There is no effective treatment and patients typically die in approximately the third decade. DMD is an X-linked recessive disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. There are three mammalian models of DMD that have been used to understand better the pathogenesis of disease and develop therapeutic strategies. The mdx mouse is the most widely used model of DMD that displays some features of muscle degeneration, but the pathogenesis of disease is comparatively mild. The severity of disease in mice lacking both dystrophin and utrophin is similar to DMD, but one has to account for the discrete functions of utrophin. Canine X-linked muscular dystrophy (cxmd) is the best representation of DMD, but the phenotype of the most widely used golden retriever (GRMD) model is variable, making functional endpoints difficult to ascertain. Although each mammalian model has its limitations, together they have been essential for the development of several treatment strategies for DMD that target dystrophin replacement, disease progression, and muscle regeneration.
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43
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Therapeutic approaches for the sarcomeric protein diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009. [PMID: 19181103 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-84847-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
No curative treatment currently exists for patients with skeletal myopathies caused by defects in sarcomeric proteins though symptomatic treatments including orthoses, night-time ventilation, or mechanical ventilation can provide major benefits. The molecular genetic discovery era has enabled many families to know which gene and precisely which gene defect their family, or in some cases only their affected child has. This knowledge has enormously increased the accuracy of genetic counselling and in some cases can enable prognosis, which helps families to make better-informed life decisions. However, symptomatic treatments and molecular genetics do not help the patient's skeletal muscle problems. The patients with skeletal muscle sarcomeric protein diseases, (from severely affected patients with shortened lifespan, through to the more mildly affected patients), would all benefit from more effective or curative treatments, as would their parents and families. This chapter outlines the experimental therapeutic strategies that have been investigated for other muscle diseases (predominantly the muscular dystrophies, towards which the majority of research emphasis has been focussed) and those that are beginning to be investigated for sarcomeric diseases. It analyses which of these approaches might be applicable to the different skeletal muscle sarcomeric protein diseases.
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44
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Isman O, Roberts ML, Morgan JE, Graham IR, Goldring K, Lawrence-Watt DJ, Lu QL, Dunckley MG, Porter AC, Partridge TA, Dickson G. Adenovirus-Based Targeting in Myoblasts Is Hampered by Nonhomologous Vector Integration. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:1000-8. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Isman
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L. Roberts
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
- Regulon, Athens 17455, Greece
| | - Jennifer E. Morgan
- Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Graham
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstin Goldring
- Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Diana J. Lawrence-Watt
- Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PX, United Kingdom
| | - Qi Long Lu
- Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28203, U.S.A
| | - Matthew G. Dunckley
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C.G. Porter
- Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Terence A. Partridge
- Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20010, U.S.A
| | - George Dickson
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
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45
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Isman O, Roberts M, Morgan J, Graham IR, Goldring K, Watt DJ, Lu Q, Dunckley MG, Porter ACG, Partridge TA, Dickson G. Adenovirus-based targeting in myoblasts is hampered by non-homologous vector integration. Hum Gene Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1089/hgt.2008.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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46
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Liu J, Burkin DJ, Kaufman SJ. Increasing alpha 7 beta 1-integrin promotes muscle cell proliferation, adhesion, and resistance to apoptosis without changing gene expression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 294:C627-40. [PMID: 18045857 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00329.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex maintains the integrity of skeletal muscle by associating laminin in the extracellular matrix with the actin cytoskeleton. Several human muscular dystrophies arise from defects in the components of this complex. The alpha(7)beta(1)-integrin also binds laminin and links the extracellular matrix with the cytoskeleton. Enhancement of alpha(7)-integrin levels alleviates pathology in mdx/utrn(-/-) mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and thus the integrin may functionally compensate for the absence of dystrophin. To test whether increasing alpha(7)-integrin levels affects transcription and cellular functions, we generated alpha(7)-integrin-inducible C2C12 cells and transgenic mice that overexpress the integrin in skeletal muscle. C2C12 myoblasts with elevated levels of integrin exhibited increased adhesion to laminin, faster proliferation when serum was limited, resistance to staurosporine-induced apoptosis, and normal differentiation. Transgenic expression of eightfold more integrin in skeletal muscle did not result in notable toxic effects in vivo. Moreover, high levels of alpha(7)-integrin in both myoblasts and in skeletal muscle did not disrupt global gene expression profiles. Thus increasing integrin levels can compensate for defects in the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton linkage caused by compromises in the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex without triggering apparent overt negative side effects. These results support the use of integrin enhancement as a therapy for muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, 601 S. Goodwin Ave., B107 Chemical and Life Sciences Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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47
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Cossu G, Sampaolesi M. New therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: challenges, prospects and clinical trials. Trends Mol Med 2007; 13:520-6. [PMID: 17983835 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies primarily affect skeletal muscle. Mutations in a large number of genes, mainly encoding cytoskeletal proteins, cause different forms of dystrophy that compromise patient mobility and quality of life, and in the most severe cases lead to complete paralysis and premature death. Although muscular dystrophies still lack an effective therapy, several novel strategies are entering or are ready to enter clinical trials. Here we review the main experimental strategies, namely drug, gene and cell therapies, outlining their goals and limitations. We also provide an update of ongoing or planned clinical trials based on these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cossu
- Stem Cell Research Institute, Dibit, H. San Raffaele, 58 Via Olgettina, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The satellite cell is the principal muscle stem cell. Recent research, however, has highlighted new stem cell sources that, once activated in the muscle tissue, can participate in muscle regeneration. This article reviews the state of research on stem cell populations that have potential for treatment of muscular dystrophies. RECENT FINDINGS Despite recent findings about the stem cell character of satellite cells and their in-vivo myogenic potential, limitations related to muscle precursor cell transfer therapy have encouraged the investigation of stem cell sources other than satellite cells. Current research is focused on identifying the best stem cell in the endothelial compartment, which is able to be systemically delivered to reach all the muscles and to contribute to widespread muscle regeneration within these muscles. SUMMARY Current results highlight many possible stem cell sources for stem cell therapy of muscle diseases, and work is ongoing to identify the most effective candidate that is able to robustly regenerate muscle tissue and to functionally repopulate the muscle stem cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Boldrin
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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