1
|
Liu X, Li X, Bai Y, Zhou X, Chen L, Qiu C, Lu C, Jin Z, Long J, Xie Z. Natural antimicrobial oligosaccharides in the food industry. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 386:110021. [PMID: 36462348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An increase in the number of antibiotic resistance genes burdens the environment and affects human health. Additionally, people have developed a cautious attitude toward chemical preservatives. This attitude has promoted the search for new natural antimicrobial substances. Oligosaccharides from various sources have been studied for their antimicrobial and prebiotic effects. Antimicrobial oligosaccharides have several advantages such as being produced from renewable resources and showing antimicrobial properties similar to those of chemical preservatives. Their excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial properties are primarily because of various synergistic effects, including destruction of pathogen cell wall. Additionally, the adhesion of harmful microorganisms and the role of harmful factors may be reduced by oligosaccharides. Some natural oligosaccharides were also shown to stimulate the growth probiotic organisms. Therefore, antimicrobial oligosaccharides have the potential to meet food processing industry requirements in the future. The latest progress in research on the antimicrobial activity of different oligosaccharides is demonstrated in this review. The possible mechanism of action of these antimicrobial oligosaccharides is summarized with respect to their direct and indirect effects. Finally, the extended applications of oligosaccharides from the food source industry to food processing are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingfei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chao Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhengjun Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Effect of Heat-Inactivated Clostridium sporogenes and Its Conditioned Media on 3-Dimensional Colorectal Cancer Cell Models. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15681. [PMID: 26507312 PMCID: PMC4623472 DOI: 10.1038/srep15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy continue to have limited efficacy due to tumor hypoxia. While bacterial cancer therapy has the potential to overcome this problem, it comes with the risk of toxicity and infection. To circumvent these issues, this paper investigates the anti-tumor effects of non-viable bacterial derivatives of Clostridium sporogenes. These non-viable derivatives are heat-inactivated C. sporogenes bacteria (IB) and the secreted bacterial proteins in culture media, known as conditioned media (CM). In this project, the effects of IB and CM on CT26 and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells were examined on a 2-Dimensional (2D) and 3-Dimensional (3D) platform. IB significantly inhibited cell proliferation of CT26 to 6.3% of the control in 72 hours for the 2D monolayer culture. In the 3D spheroid culture, cell proliferation of HCT116 spheroids notably dropped to 26.2%. Similarly the CM also remarkably reduced the cell-proliferation of the CT26 cells to 2.4% and 20% in the 2D and 3D models, respectively. Interestingly the effect of boiled conditioned media (BCM) on the cells in the 3D model was less inhibitory than that of CM. Thus, the inhibitive effect of inactivated C. sporogenes and its conditioned media on colorectal cancer cells is established.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tyrosine glycosylation of Rho by Yersinia toxin impairs blastomere cell behaviour in zebrafish embryos. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7807. [PMID: 26190758 PMCID: PMC4518317 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia species cause zoonotic infections, including enterocolitis and plague. Here we studied Yersinia ruckeri antifeeding prophage 18 (Afp18), the toxin component of the phage tail-derived protein translocation system Afp, which causes enteric redmouth disease in salmonid fish species. Here we show that microinjection of the glycosyltransferase domain Afp18G into zebrafish embryos blocks cytokinesis, actin-dependent motility and cell blebbing, eventually abrogating gastrulation. In zebrafish ZF4 cells, Afp18G depolymerizes actin stress fibres by mono-O-GlcNAcylation of RhoA at tyrosine-34; thereby Afp18G inhibits RhoA activation by guanine nucleotide exchange factors, and blocks RhoA, but not Rac and Cdc42 downstream signalling. The crystal structure of tyrosine-GlcNAcylated RhoA reveals an open conformation of the effector loop distinct from recently described structures of GDP- or GTP-bound RhoA. Unravelling of the molecular mechanism of the toxin component Afp18 as glycosyltransferase opens new perspectives in studies of phage tail-derived protein translocation systems, which are preserved from archaea to human pathogenic prokaryotes. Yersinia ruckeri is the source of redmouth disease in fish. Here the authors analysed the Yersinia toxin Afp18 and show that it acts to inhibit RhoA activation by glycosylating a distinct tyrosine residue inducing a signalling incompetent structural conformation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Merrigan MM, Venugopal A, Roxas JL, Anwar F, Mallozzi MJ, Roxas BAP, Gerding DN, Viswanathan VK, Vedantam G. Surface-layer protein A (SlpA) is a major contributor to host-cell adherence of Clostridium difficile. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78404. [PMID: 24265687 PMCID: PMC3827033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and a significant etiologic agent of healthcare-associated infections. The mechanisms of attachment and host colonization of C. difficile are not well defined. We hypothesize that non-toxin bacterial factors, especially those facilitating the interaction of C. difficile with the host gut, contribute to the initiation of C. difficile infection. In this work, we optimized a completely anaerobic, quantitative, epithelial-cell adherence assay for vegetative C. difficile cells, determined adherence proficiency under multiple conditions, and investigated C. difficile surface protein variation via immunological and DNA sequencing approaches focused on Surface-Layer Protein A (SlpA). In total, thirty-six epidemic-associated and non-epidemic associated C. difficile clinical isolates were tested in this study, and displayed intra- and inter-clade differences in attachment that were unrelated to toxin production. SlpA was a major contributor to bacterial adherence, and individual subunits of the protein (varying in sequence between strains) mediated host-cell attachment to different extents. Pre-treatment of host cells with crude or purified SlpA subunits, or incubation of vegetative bacteria with anti-SlpA antisera significantly reduced C. difficile attachment. SlpA-mediated adherence-interference correlated with the attachment efficiency of the strain from which the protein was derived, with maximal blockage observed when SlpA was derived from highly adherent strains. In addition, SlpA-containing preparations from a non-toxigenic strain effectively blocked adherence of a phylogenetically distant, epidemic-associated strain, and vice-versa. Taken together, these results suggest that SlpA plays a major role in C. difficile infection, and that it may represent an attractive target for interventions aimed at abrogating gut colonization by this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Merrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anilrudh Venugopal
- St. John's Hospital and Medical Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Roxas
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Farhan Anwar
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Mallozzi
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Bryan A. P. Roxas
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Dale N. Gerding
- Hines VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - V. K. Viswanathan
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- The Bio5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gayatri Vedantam
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- The Bio5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Southern Arizona VA Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Avitalized bacteria mediate tumor growth control via activation of innate immunity. Cell Immunol 2011; 269:120-7. [PMID: 21463858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute bacterial infections have beneficial effects on tumor patients. To eliminate side effects evoked by viable microbes, we here assessed the immunotherapeutic potential of inactivated bacteria on colorectal carcinomas. Our In vitro results indicate a cell-specific direct cytotoxicity towards tumor cells presented by G1-arrest. Antitumoral activity was boosted in the presence of leukocytes. Long time stimulations revealed massive activation of NK cells even in complete autologous settings. In vivo, repetitive local treatment mediated tumor growth control. Evaluation of residual tumors identified increased infiltrates, with NK cells (CD49b(+), NKG2D(+)) being the main responding cell population. Substantial NK cell-mediated delay of tumor growth was also achieved in T-cell deficient mice xenografted with human colorectal carcinomas. Of note, local as well as systemic therapy mediated tumor growth control. These data highlight the potential of avitalized bacteria to especially activate the immune system's innate arm and they should be considered for future integrated immunotherapy.
Collapse
|