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Diez-Orejas R, Casarrubios L, Feito MJ, Rojo JM, Vallet-Regí M, Arcos D, Portolés MT. Effects of mesoporous SiO 2-CaO nanospheres on the murine peritoneal macrophages/Candidaalbicans interface. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107457. [PMID: 33752172 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles for intracellular drug delivery could reduce the toxicity and side effects of the drug but, the uptake of these nanocarriers could induce adverse effects on cells and tissues after their incorporation. Macrophages play a central role in host defense and are responsible for in vivo nanoparticle trafficking. Assessment of their defense capacity against pathogenic micro-organisms after nanoparticle uptake, is necessary to prevent infections associated with nanoparticle therapies. In this study, the effects of hollow mesoporous SiO2-CaO nanospheres labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-NanoMBGs) on the function of peritoneal macrophages was assessed by measuring their ability to phagocytize Candidaalbicans expressing a red fluorescent protein. Two macrophage/fungus ratios (MOI1 and MOI5) were used and two experimental strategies were carried out: a) pretreatment of macrophages with FITC-NanoMBGs and subsequent fungal infection; b) competition assays after simultaneous addition of fungus and nanospheres. Macrophage pro-inflammatory phenotype markers (CD80 expression and interleukin 6 secretion) were also evaluated. Significant decreases of CD80+ macrophage percentage and interleukin 6 secretion were observed after 30 min, indicating that the simultaneous incorporation of NanoMBG and fungus favors the macrophage non-inflammatory phenotype. The present study evidences that the uptake of these nanospheres in all the studied conditions does not alter the macrophage function. Moreover, intracellular FITC-NanoMBGs induce a transitory increase of the fungal phagocytosis by macrophages at MOI 1 and after a short time of interaction. In the competition assays, as the intracellular fungus quantity increased, the intracellular FITC-NanoMBG content decreased in a MOI- and time-dependent manner. These results have confirmed that macrophages clearly distinguish between inert material and the live yeast in a dynamic intracellular incorporation. Furthermore, macrophage phagocytosis is a critical determinant to know their functional state and a valuable parameter to study the nanomaterial / macrophages / Candida albicans interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Diez-Orejas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Casarrubios
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Feito
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Rojo
- Departamento de Medicina Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Arcos
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - M T Portolés
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain.
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Laurian R, Jacot-des-Combes C, Bastian F, Dementhon K, Cotton P. Carbon metabolism snapshot by ddPCR during the early step of Candida albicans phagocytosis by macrophages. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:5780227. [PMID: 32129841 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During Candida macrophage interactions, phagocytosed yeast cells feed in order to grow, develop hyphae and escape. Through numerous proteomic and transcriptomic studies, two metabolic phases have been described. A shift to a starvation mode is generally identified as early as one-hour post phagocytosis, followed by a glycolytic growth mode after C. albicans escaped from the macrophage. Healthy macrophages contain low amounts of glucose. To determine if this carbon source was sensed and metabolized by the pathogen, we explored the transcription level of a delimited set of key genes expressed in C. albicans cells during phagocytosis by macrophages, at an early stage of the interaction. This analysis was performed using a technical digital droplet PCR approach to quantify reliably the expression of carbon metabolic genes after 30 min of phagocytosis. Our data confirm the technique of digital droplet PCR for the detection of C. albicans transcripts using cells recovered after a short period of phagocytosis. At this stage, carbon metabolism is clearly oriented towards the use of alternative sources. However, the activation of high-affinity glucose transport system suggests that the low amount of glucose initially present in the macrophages is detected by the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Laurian
- Génétique Moléculaire des Levures, UMR-CNRS 5240 Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathogénie, Université de Lyon-Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Jacot-des-Combes
- DTAMB, FR 3728 Bio-Environnement et Santé, Université de Lyon-Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Fabiola Bastian
- DTAMB, FR 3728 Bio-Environnement et Santé, Université de Lyon-Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Karine Dementhon
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR-CNRS 5234, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascale Cotton
- Génétique Moléculaire des Levures, UMR-CNRS 5240 Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathogénie, Université de Lyon-Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
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Fang JY, Tang KW, Yang SH, Alalaiwe A, Yang YC, Tseng CH, Yang SC. Synthetic Naphthofuranquinone Derivatives Are Effective in Eliminating Drug-Resistant Candida albicans in Hyphal, Biofilm, and Intracellular Forms: An Application for Skin-Infection Treatment. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2053. [PMID: 32983038 PMCID: PMC7479094 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infection. The emergence of drug resistance leads to the need for novel antifungal agents. We aimed to design naphthofuranquinone analogs to treat drug-resistant C. albicans for topical application on cutaneous candidiasis. The time-killing response, agar diffusion, and live/dead assay of the antifungal activity were estimated against 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC)- or fluconazole-resistant strains. A total of 14 naphthofuranquinones were compared for their antifungal potency. The lead compounds with hydroxyimino (TCH-1140) or O-acetyl oxime (TCH-1142) moieties were the most active agents identified, showing a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.5 and 1.2 μM, respectively. Both compounds were superior to 5-FC and fluconazole for killing planktonic fungi. Naphthofuranquinones efficiently diminished the microbes inside and outside the biofilm. TCH-1140 and TCH-1142 were delivered into C. albicans-infected keratinocytes to eradicate intracellular fungi. The compounds did not reduce the C. albicans burden inside the macrophages, but the naphthofuranquinones promoted the transition of fungi from the virulent hypha form to the yeast form. In the in vivo skin mycosis mouse model, topically applied 5-FC and TCH-1140 reduced the C. albicans load from 1.5 × 106 to 5.4 × 105 and 1.4 × 105 CFU, respectively. The infected abscess diameter was significantly decreased by TCH-1140 (3-4 mm) as compared to the control (8 mm). The disintegrated skin-barrier function induced by the fungi was recovered to the baseline by the compound. The data support the potential of TCH-1140 as a topical agent for treating drug-resistant C. albicans infection without causing skin irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sien-Hung Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Ching Yang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Tseng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Biron D, Nedelkov D, Missé D, Holzmuller P. Proteomics and Host–Pathogen Interactions. GENETICS AND EVOLUTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017. [PMCID: PMC7149668 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-799942-5.00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tsai PW, Chen YT, Hsu PC, Lan CY. Study of Candida albicans and its interactions with the host: A mini review. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomed.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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PalI domain proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Microbiol Res 2012; 167:422-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kniemeyer O, Schmidt AD, Vödisch M, Wartenberg D, Brakhage AA. Identification of virulence determinants of the human pathogenic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans by proteomics. Int J Med Microbiol 2011; 301:368-77. [PMID: 21565549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus can cause a number of life-threatening systemic infections in humans. The commensal yeast C. albicans is one of the main causes of nosocomial fungal infectious diseases, whereas the filamentous fungus A. fumigatus has become one of the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogens. Early diagnosis of these fungal infections is challenging, only a limited number of antifungals for treatment are available, and the molecular details of pathogenicity are hardly understood. The completion of both the A. fumigatus and C. albicans genome sequence provides the opportunity to improve diagnosis, to define new drug targets, to understand the functions of many uncharacterised proteins, and to study protein regulation on a global scale. With the application of proteomic tools, particularly two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and LC/MS-based methods, a comprehensive overview about the proteins of A. fumigatus and C. albicans present or induced during environmental changes and stress conditions has been obtained in the past 5 years. However, for the discovery of further putative virulence determinants, more sensitive and targeted proteomic methods have to be applied. Here, we review the recent proteome data generated for A. fumigatus and C. albicans that are related to factors required for pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Kniemeyer
- Dept. of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.
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Correia I, Alonso-Monge R, Pla J. MAPK cell-cycle regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Future Microbiol 2010; 5:1125-41. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is the sequential set of events that living cells undergo in order to duplicate. This process must be tightly regulated as alterations may lead to diseases such as cancer. The molecular events that control the cell cycle are directional and involve regulatory molecules such as cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become a model to study this complex system since it shares several mechanisms with higher eukaryotes. Signal transduction pathways are biochemical mechanisms that sense environmental changes and there is recent evidence that they control the progression through the cell cycle in response to several stimuli. In response to pheromone, the budding yeast arrests the cell cycle in the G1 phase at the START stage. Activation of the pheromone response pathway leads to the phosphorylation of Far1, which inhibits the function of complexes formed by G1 cyclins (Cln1 and Cln2) and the CDK (Cdc28), blocking the transition to the S phase. This response prepares the cells to fuse cytoplasms and nuclei to generate a diploid cell. Activation of the Hog1 MAP kinase in response to osmotic stress or arsenite leads to the transient arrest of the cell cycle in G1 phase, which is mediated by direct phosphorylation of the CDK inhibitor, Sic1, and by downregulation of cyclin expression. Osmotic stress also induces a delay in G2 phase by direct phosphorylation of Hsl7 via Hog1, which results in the accumulation of Swe1. As a consequence, cell cycle arrest allows cells to survive upon stress. Finally, cell wall damage can induce cell cycle arrest at G2 via the cell integrity MAPK Slt2. By linking MAPK signal transduction pathways to the cell cycle machinery, a tight and precise control of the cell division takes place in response to environmental changes. Research into similar MAPK-mediated cell cycle regulation in the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans may result in the development of new antifungal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Correia
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alonso-Monge
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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