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O'Bryant SE, Edwards M, Zhang F, Johnson LA, Hall J, Kuras Y, Scherzer CR. Potential two-step proteomic signature for Parkinson's disease: Pilot analysis in the Harvard Biomarkers Study. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2019; 11:374-382. [PMID: 31080873 PMCID: PMC6502745 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We sought to determine if our previously validated proteomic profile for detecting Alzheimer's disease would detect Parkinson's disease (PD) and distinguish PD from other neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Plasma samples were assayed from 150 patients of the Harvard Biomarkers Study (PD, n = 50; other neurodegenerative diseases, n = 50; healthy controls, n = 50) using electrochemiluminescence and Simoa platforms. Results The first step proteomic profile distinguished neurodegenerative diseases from controls with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.94. The second step profile distinguished PD cases from other neurodegenerative diseases with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.98. The proteomic profile differed in step 1 versus step 2, suggesting that a multistep proteomic profile algorithm to detecting and distinguishing between neurodegenerative diseases may be optimal. Discussion These data provide evidence of the potential use of a multitiered blood-based proteomic screening method for detecting individuals with neurodegenerative disease and then distinguishing PD from other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sid E O'Bryant
- Institute for Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Edwards
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Vermont Genetics Network, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Leigh A Johnson
- Institute for Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - James Hall
- Institute for Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Yuliya Kuras
- Advanced Center for Parkinson's Disease Research of Brigham & Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Advanced Center for Parkinson's Disease Research of Brigham & Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Locascio JJ, Eberly S, Liao Z, Liu G, Hoesing AN, Duong K, Trisini-Lipsanopoulos A, Dhima K, Hung AY, Flaherty AW, Schwarzschild MA, Hayes MT, Wills AM, Shivraj Sohur U, Mejia NI, Selkoe DJ, Oakes D, Shoulson I, Dong X, Marek K, Zheng B, Ivinson A, Hyman BT, Growdon JH, Sudarsky LR, Schlossmacher MG, Ravina B, Scherzer CR. Association between α-synuclein blood transcripts and early, neuroimaging-supported Parkinson's disease. Brain 2015. [PMID: 26220939 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no cures for neurodegenerative diseases and this is partially due to the difficulty of monitoring pathogenic molecules in patients during life. The Parkinson's disease gene α-synuclein (SNCA) is selectively expressed in blood cells and neurons. Here we show that SNCA transcripts in circulating blood cells are paradoxically reduced in early stage, untreated and dopamine transporter neuroimaging-supported Parkinson's disease in three independent regional, national, and international populations representing 500 cases and 363 controls and on three analogue and digital platforms with P < 0.0001 in meta-analysis. Individuals with SNCA transcripts in the lowest quartile of counts had an odds ratio for Parkinson's disease of 2.45 compared to individuals in the highest quartile. Disease-relevant transcript isoforms were low even near disease onset. Importantly, low SNCA transcript abundance predicted cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson's disease during up to 5 years of longitudinal follow-up. This study reveals a consistent association of reduced SNCA transcripts in accessible peripheral blood and early-stage Parkinson's disease in 863 participants and suggests a clinical role as potential predictor of cognitive decline. Moreover, the three independent biobank cohorts provide a generally useful platform for rapidly validating any biological marker of this common disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Locascio
- 1 Neurogenomics Lab and Parkinson Personalized Medicine Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 2 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shirley Eberly
- 3 Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Zhixiang Liao
- 1 Neurogenomics Lab and Parkinson Personalized Medicine Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 4 Ann Romney Centre for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ganqiang Liu
- 1 Neurogenomics Lab and Parkinson Personalized Medicine Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 4 Ann Romney Centre for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ashley N Hoesing
- 1 Neurogenomics Lab and Parkinson Personalized Medicine Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 4 Ann Romney Centre for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA 5 Biomarkers Program, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karen Duong
- 1 Neurogenomics Lab and Parkinson Personalized Medicine Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 4 Ann Romney Centre for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA 5 Biomarkers Program, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana Trisini-Lipsanopoulos
- 1 Neurogenomics Lab and Parkinson Personalized Medicine Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 4 Ann Romney Centre for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA 5 Biomarkers Program, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaltra Dhima
- 1 Neurogenomics Lab and Parkinson Personalized Medicine Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 4 Ann Romney Centre for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA 5 Biomarkers Program, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Albert Y Hung
- 2 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alice W Flaherty
- 2 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA 6 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Michael T Hayes
- 7 Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Wills
- 2 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA 5 Biomarkers Program, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - U Shivraj Sohur
- 2 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicte I Mejia
- 2 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- 4 Ann Romney Centre for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA 7 Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Oakes
- 3 Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Ira Shoulson
- 8 Program for Regulatory Science and Medicine, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Xianjun Dong
- 1 Neurogenomics Lab and Parkinson Personalized Medicine Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 4 Ann Romney Centre for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ken Marek
- 8 Program for Regulatory Science and Medicine, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Bin Zheng
- 1 Neurogenomics Lab and Parkinson Personalized Medicine Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 4 Ann Romney Centre for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adrian Ivinson
- 4 Ann Romney Centre for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA 5 Biomarkers Program, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- 2 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA 5 Biomarkers Program, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John H Growdon
- 2 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lewis R Sudarsky
- 7 Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Bernard Ravina
- 10 Program in Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- 1 Neurogenomics Lab and Parkinson Personalized Medicine Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 2 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA 4 Ann Romney Centre for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA 5 Biomarkers Program, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA 7 Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Nishimura K, Murayama S, Takahashi J. Identification of Neurexophilin 3 as a Novel Supportive Factor for Survival of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Progenitors. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:932-44. [PMID: 26041738 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful cell transplantation for Parkinson's disease (PD) depends on both an optimal host brain environment and ideal donor cells. We report that a secreted peptide, neurexophilin 3 (NXPH3), supports the survival of mouse induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC-derived) dopaminergic (DA) neurons in vitro and in vivo. We compared the gene expression profiles in the mouse striatum from two different environments: a supportive environment, which we defined as 1 week after acute administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and a nonsupportive environment, defined as 8 weeks after chronic administration of MPTP. NXPH3 expression was higher in the former condition and lower in the latter compared with untreated controls. When we injected mouse iPSC-derived neural cells along with NXPH3 into the mouse striatum, the ratio of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive DA neurons per graft volume was higher at 8 weeks compared with cell injections that excluded NXPH3. In addition, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses of the postmortem putamen revealed that the expression level of NXPH3 was lower in PD patients compared with normal controls. These findings will contribute to optimizing the host brain environment and patient recruitment in cell therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaneyasu Nishimura
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Santiago JA, Potashkin JA. Current Challenges Towards the Development of a Blood Test for Parkinson's Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2014; 4:153-64. [PMID: 26852683 PMCID: PMC4665557 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics4040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’ disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide. To date, there is no disease-modifying agent, and current medical treatment only provides symptomatic benefits. Early diagnosis of PD would be useful in clinical practice to identify patients for clinical trials, test potential drugs and neuroprotective agents and track their therapeutic effect. Considerable progress has been made in the discovery and validation of diagnostic biomarkers for PD. In particular, blood-based biomarkers have shown promise in identifying PD patients in samples from independent clinical trials. Evaluation of these biomarkers in de novo patients and individuals at risk for PD remains a top priority. Here, we review the current advances and challenges toward the clinical translation of these biomarkers into a blood-based test for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Santiago
- The Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Department, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064-3037, USA.
| | - Judith A Potashkin
- The Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Department, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064-3037, USA.
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Mehanna R, Scherzer CR, Ding H, Locascio JJ. Unrecognized vitamin D3 deficiency is common in Parkinson disease: Harvard Biomarker study. Neurology 2014; 82:1666; discussion 1666. [PMID: 24799519 PMCID: PMC10845904 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000449750.81263.7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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6
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Mellick GD, Silburn PA, Sutherland GT, Siebert GA. Exploiting the potential of molecular profiling in Parkinson’s disease: current practice and future probabilities. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 10:1035-50. [PMID: 21080820 DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George D Mellick
- Eskitis Institute for Cell & Molecular Therapies, School of Biomolecular & Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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7
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Ding H, Dhima K, Lockhart KC, Locascio JJ, Hoesing AN, Duong K, Trisini-Lipsanopoulos A, Hayes MT, Sohur US, Wills AM, Mollenhauer B, Flaherty AW, Hung AY, Mejia N, Khurana V, Gomperts SN, Selkoe DJ, Schwarzschild MA, Schlossmacher MG, Hyman BT, Sudarsky LR, Growdon JH, Scherzer CR. Unrecognized vitamin D3 deficiency is common in Parkinson disease: Harvard Biomarker Study. Neurology 2013; 81:1531-7. [PMID: 24068787 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a95818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conclusively test for a specific association between the biological marker 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3, a transcriptionally active hormone produced in human skin and liver, and the prevalence and severity of Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS We used liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to establish an association specifically between deficiency of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 and PD in a cross-sectional and longitudinal case-control study of 388 patients (mean Hoehn and Yahr stage of 2.1 ± 0.6) and 283 control subjects free of neurologic disease nested in the Harvard Biomarker Study. RESULTS Plasma levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 were associated with PD in both univariate and multivariate analyses with p values = 0.0034 and 0.047, respectively. Total 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels, the traditional composite measure of endogenous and exogenous vitamin D, were deficient in 17.6% of patients with PD compared with 9.3% of controls. Low 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 as well as total 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels were correlated with higher total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores at baseline and during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals an association between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 and PD and suggests that thousands of patients with PD in North America alone may be vitamin D-deficient. This finding has immediate relevance for individual patients at risk of falls as well as public health, and warrants further investigation into the mechanism underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliu Ding
- From the Neurogenomics Laboratory (H.D., K.D., K.C.L., A.N.H., K.D., A.T.-L., C.R.S.), Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge; Biomarkers Program (K.D., K.C.L., A.N.H., K.D., A.T.-L., M.T.H., U.S.S., B.M., N.M., V.K., S.N.G., D.J.S., M.A.S., M.G.S., B.T.H., J.H.G., C.R.S.), Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.L., U.S.S., A.-M.W., A.W.F., A.Y.H., N.M., V.K., S.N.G., M.A.S., B.T.H., J.H.G., C.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (M.T.H., A.Y.H., D.J.S., L.R.S., C.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik (B.M.), Kassel, Germany; and Division of Neurology, the Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa (M.G.S.), Canada
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8
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Transcriptional modulator H2A histone family, member Y (H2AFY) marks Huntington disease activity in man and mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:17141-6. [PMID: 21969577 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1104409108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects 30,000 individuals in North America. Treatments that slow its relentless course are not yet available, and biomarkers that can reliably measure disease activity and therapeutic response are urgently needed to facilitate their development. Here, we interrogated 119 human blood samples for transcripts associated with HD. We found that the dynamic regulator of chromatin plasticity H2A histone family, member Y (H2AFY) is specifically overexpressed in the blood and frontal cortex of patients with HD compared with controls. This association precedes the onset of clinical symptoms, was confirmed in two mouse models, and was independently replicated in cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical studies comprising 142 participants. A histone deacetylase inhibitor that suppresses neurodegeneration in animal models reduces H2AFY levels in a randomized phase II clinical trial. This study identifies the chromatin regulator H2AFY as a potential biomarker associated with disease activity and pharmacodynamic response that may become useful for enabling disease-modifying therapeutics for HD.
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Seefeld TH, Zhou WJ, Corn RM. Rapid microarray detection of DNA and proteins in microliter volumes with surface plasmon resonance imaging measurements. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:6534-40. [PMID: 21488682 PMCID: PMC3093654 DOI: 10.1021/la200649n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A four-chamber microfluidic biochip is fabricated for the rapid detection of multiple proteins and nucleic acids from microliter volume samples with the technique of surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI). The 18 mm × 18 mm biochip consists of four 3 μL microfluidic chambers attached to an SF10 glass substrate, each of which contains three individually addressable SPRI gold thin film microarray elements. The 12-element (4 × 3) SPRI microarray consists of gold thin film spots (1 mm(2) area; 45 nm thickness), each in individually addressable 0.5 μL volume microchannels. Microarrays of single-stranded DNA and RNA (ssDNA and ssRNA, respectively) are fabricated by either chemical and/or enzymatic attachment reactions in these microchannels; the SPRI microarrays are then used to detect femtomole amounts (nanomolar concentrations) of DNA and proteins (ssDNA binding protein and thrombin via aptamer-protein bioaffinity interactions). Microarrays of ssRNA microarray elements are also used for the ultrasensitive detection of zeptomole amounts (femtomolar concentrations) of DNA via the technique of RNase H-amplified SPRI. Enzymatic removal of ssRNA from the surface due to the hybridization adsorption of target ssDNA is detected as a reflectivity decrease in the SPR imaging measurements. The observed reflectivity loss is proportional to the log of the target ssDNA concentration with a detection limit of 10 fM or 30 zeptomoles (18 000 molecules). This enzymatic amplified ssDNA detection method is not limited by diffusion of ssDNA to the interface, and thus is extremely fast, requiring only 200 s in the microliter volume format.
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Grünblatt E, Zehetmayer S, Jacob CP, Müller T, Jost WH, Riederer P. Pilot study: peripheral biomarkers for diagnosing sporadic Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:1387-93. [PMID: 21069393 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The need for an early and differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is undoubtedly one of the main quests of the century. An early biomarker would enable therapy to begin sooner and would, hopefully, slow or better prevent progression of the disease. We performed transcript profiling via quantitative RT-PCR in RNA originating from peripheral blood samples. The groups were de novo (n = 11) and medicated PD (n = 94) subjects and healthy controls (n = 34), while for negative control Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 14) subjects were recruited as an additional neurodegenerative disease. The results were retested on a second recruitment consisting 22 medicated PD subjects versus 33 controls and 12 AD. Twelve transcripts were chosen as candidate genes, according to previous postmortem brain profiling. Multiple analyses resulted in four significant genes: proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit-alpha type-2 (PSMA2; p = 0.0002, OR = 1.15 95% CI 1.07-1.24), laminin, beta-2 (laminin S) (LAMB2; p = 0.0078, OR = 2.26 95% CI 1.24-4.14), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family-member A1 (ALDH1A1; p = 0.016, OR = 1.05 95% CI 1.01-1.1), and histone cluster-1 H3e (HIST1H3E; p = 0.03, OR = 0.975 95% CI 0.953-0.998) differentiating between medicated PD subjects versus controls. Using these four biomarkers for PD diagnosis, we achieved sensitivity and specificity of more than 80%. These biomarkers might be specific for PD diagnosis, since in AD subjects no significant results were observed. In the second validation, three genes (PSMA2, LAMB2 and ALDH1A1) demonstrated high reproducibility. This result supports previous studies of gene expression profiling and may facilitate the development of biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Grünblatt
- Clinical Neurochemistry, National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence Research Laboratories, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstr 15, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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11
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Schlossmacher MG, Mollenhauer B. Biomarker research in Parkinson’s disease: objective measures needed for patient stratification in future cause-directed trials. Biomark Med 2010; 4:647-50. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.10.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Schlossmacher
- Division of Neuroscience – OHRI, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, RGH #1412, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel & Georg August Universitaet Goettingen, Germany
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12
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Fasano M, Alberio T, Lopiano L. Peripheral biomarkers of Parkinson's disease as early reporters of central neurodegeneration. Biomark Med 2010; 2:465-78. [PMID: 20477424 DOI: 10.2217/17520363.2.5.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common age-related movement disorder, with a prevalence of approximately 2% among people over 65 years of age. The diagnosis of PD is currently based on the clinical manifestations of the disease; therefore, the availability of peripheral biomarkers would have a great impact. In this review, we discuss and compare several attempts made to find peripheral biomarkers of PD to achieve early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapy assessment and classification of disease subtypes. Several investigators focused on proteins that are involved in PD pathogenesis. However, the best choice for a sensible biomarker-discovery procedure makes use of global approaches such as metabolomics and proteomics. In addition, the tissue or compartment where biomarkers are located, plays a basic role. In this context, lymphocytes are of particular interest because they are circulating dopaminergic cells, and display several functional modifications in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fasano
- Department of Structural & Functional Biology, Via Alberto da Giussano 12, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy.
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Mollenhauer B, Trenkwalder C. Neurochemical biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of movement disorders. Mov Disord 2009; 24:1411-26. [PMID: 19412961 DOI: 10.1002/mds.22510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the neurochemical analysis of neuronal proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has become increasingly accepted for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. CSF surrounds the central nervous system, and in the composition of CSF proteins one finds brain-specific proteins that are prioritized from blood-derived proteins. Levels of specific CSF proteins could be very promising biomarkers for central nervous system diseases. We need the development of more easily accessible biomarkers, in the blood. In neurodegenerative diseases with and without dementia, studies on CSF and blood proteins have investigated the usefulness of biomarkers in differential diagnosis. The clinical diagnoses of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration still rely mainly on clinical symptoms as defined by international classification criteria. In this article, we review CSF biomarkers in these movement disorders and discuss recent published reports on the neurochemical intra vitam diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders (including recent CSF alpha-synuclein findings).
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14
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Chipping away at diagnostics for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 35:148-56. [PMID: 19285134 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are needed to overcome critical roadblocks in the development of disease-modifying therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Evolving genome-wide expression technologies can comprehensively search for molecular biomarkers and allow fascinating insights into the expanding complexity of the human transcriptome. The technology has matured to the point where some applications are deemed reliable enough for use in patient care. In the neurosciences, it has led to the discoveries of osteopontin in multiple sclerosis and SORL1/LR11 in Alzheimer's, and recent studies indicate its potential for identifying neurogenomic biomarkers. Advances in pre-analytical and analytical methods are improving search efficiency and reproducibility and may lead to a pipeline of biomarker candidates suitable for development into future neurologic diagnostics.
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Antoniades CA, Barker RA. The search for biomarkers in Parkinson's disease: a critical review. Expert Rev Neurother 2009; 8:1841-52. [PMID: 19086880 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.8.12.1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily presents with features of bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor, and has, as part of its core pathology, the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. There is a great need for the development of a reliable diagnostic tool to improve promptness of diagnosis, definition of disease subtypes, and to monitor disease progression and demonstrate treatment efficacy in the case of disease modifying therapies. Current biomarkers range from objective clinical tools, to neuroimaging, to 'wet' markers involving blood and cerebrospinal fluid. To date, all candidate biomarkers for PD have failed to be developed into a clinically useful tool. Ideally, a combination of sensitive markers will be needed, not only to predict the onset of PD, but also to help in subtype classification and to follow progression. Here, we critically review various PD biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystalina A Antoniades
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge CB22PY, UK.
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