1
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Gupta T, Sahoo RK, Singh H, Katke S, Chaurasiya A, Gupta U. Lipid-Based Nanocarriers in the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM): Challenges and Opportunities. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:102. [PMID: 37041350 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (also known as glioblastoma; GBM) is one of the most malignant types of brain tumors that occurs in the CNS. Treatment strategies for glioblastoma are majorly comprised of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy along with combination therapy. Treatment of GBM is itself a tedious task but the involved barriers in GBM are one of the main impediments to move one step closer to the treatment of GBM. Basically, two of the barriers are of utmost importance in this regard, namely blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood brain tumor barrier (BBTB). This review will address different challenges and barriers in the treatment of GBM along with their etiology. The role and recent progress of lipid-based nanocarriers like liposomes, solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), lipoplexes, and lipid hybrid carriers in the effective management of GBM will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanisha Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Rakesh K Sahoo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Himani Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Sumeet Katke
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Akash Chaurasiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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2
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Hasan I, Roy S, Guo B, Du S, Tao W, Chang C. Recent progress in nanomedicines for imaging and therapy of brain tumors. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1270-1310. [PMID: 36648496 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01572b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, a malignant brain tumor is one of the most life-threatening diseases with poor prognosis, high risk of recurrence, and low survival rate for patients because of the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the lack of efficient diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms. So far, many researchers have devoted their efforts to innovating advanced drugs to efficiently cross the BBB and selectively target brain tumors for optimal imaging and therapy outcomes. Herein, we update the most recent developments in nanomedicines for the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors in preclinical mouse models. The special focus is on burgeoning drug delivery carriers to improve the specificity of visualization and to enhance the efficacy of brain tumor treatment. Also, we highlight the challenges and perspectives for the future development of brain tumor theranostics. This review is expected to receive wide attention from researchers, professors, and students in various fields to participate in future advancements in preclinical research and clinical translation of brain tumor nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Hasan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Shubham Roy
- School of Science and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Shiwei Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, P. R. China
| | - Chunqi Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
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3
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Hao X, Zhang Y, Shi X, Liu H, Zheng Z, Han G, Rong D, Zhang C, Tang W, Wang X. CircPAK1 promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via modulation of YAP nucleus localization by interacting with 14-3-3ζ. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:281. [PMID: 36131287 PMCID: PMC9494907 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Circular RNA (circRNA), a new class of non-coding RNA, has obvious correlations with the occurrence and development of many diseases, including tumors. This study aimed to investigate the potential roles of circPAK1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods
High-throughput sequencing was performed on 3 pairs of HCC and matched normal tissues to determine the upregulated circRNAs. The expression level of circPAK1 was detected by qRT-PCR in HCC and paired with normal liver tissue samples. The effects of circPAK1 on proliferation, invasion, metastasis and apoptosis of HCC cells were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. We also constructed Chitosan/si-circPAK1 (CS/si-circPAK1) nanocomplexes using Chitosan material to evaluate its in vivo therapeutic effect on HCC. High-throughput sequencing, RNA-sequencing, RNA probe pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation and Co-Immunoprecipitation assays were performed to explore the relationship between circPAK1, 14–3-3ζ, p-LATS1 and YAP. Exosomes isolated from lenvatinib-resistant HCC cell lines were used to evaluate the relationship between exosomal circPAK1 and lenvatinib resistance.
Results
CircPAK1, a novel circRNA, is highly expressed in HCC tumor tissues and cell lines as well as correlated with poor outcomes in HCC patients. Functionally, circPAK1 knockdown inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis while circPAK1 overexpression promoted HCC progression. The tumor-promoting phenotypes of circPAK1 on HCC were also confirmed by animal experiments. Importantly, the application of CS/si-circPAK1 nanocomplexes showed a better therapeutic effect on tumor growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, circPAK1 enhanced HCC progression by inactivating the Hippo signaling pathway, and this kind of inactivation is based on its competitively binding of 14–3-3 ζ with YAP, which weakens the recruitment and cytoplasmic fixation of 14–3-3 ζ to YAP, thus promoting YAP nucleus localization. Additionally, circPAK1 could be transported by exosomes from lenvatinib-resistant cells to sensitive cells and induce lenvatinib resistance of receipt cells.
Conclusion
CircPAK1 exerts its oncogenic function by competitively binding 14–3-3 ζ with YAP, thus promoting YAP nucleus localization, leading to the inactivation of a Hippo signaling pathway. Exosomal circPAK1 may drive resistance to lenvatinib, providing a potential therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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4
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Zhou R, Zhu L, Zeng Z, Luo R, Zhang J, Guo R, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Bi W. Targeted brain delivery of
RVG29‐modified rifampicin‐loaded
nanoparticles for Alzheimer's disease treatment and diagnosis. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10395. [PMID: 36176608 PMCID: PMC9472014 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging‐related neurodegenerative disease. The main pathological features of AD are β‐amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Currently, there are no effective drugs for the etiological treatment of AD. Rifampicin (RIF) is a semi‐synthetic broad‐spectrum antibiotic with anti‐β‐amyloid deposition, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptosis, and neuroprotective effects, but its application in AD treatment has been limited for its strong hydrophobicity, high toxicity, short half‐life, low bioavailability, and blood–brain barrier hindrance. We designed a novel brain‐targeted and MRI‐characteristic nanomedicine via loading rabies virus protein 29 (RVG29), rifampicin, and Gd on poly (l‐lactide) nanoparticles (RIF@PLA‐PEG‐Gd/Mal‐RVG29). The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that RIF@PLA‐PEG‐Gd/Mal‐RVG29 had favorable biocompatibility and security. Fluorescence imaging in vivo showed that PLA‐PEG‐Gd/Mal‐RVG29 could deliver rifampicin into the brain by enhancing cellular uptake and brain targeting performance, leading to improvement of the bioavailability of rifampicin. In in vivo study, RIF@PLA‐PEG‐Gd/Mal‐RVG29 improved the spatial learning and memory capability of APP/PS1 mice in the Morris water maze, as compared to rifampicin. Immunofluorescence, TEM, immunoblotting, and H&E staining revealed that RIF@PLA‐PEG‐Gd/Mal‐RVG29 reduced Aβ deposition in hippocampal and cortex of APP/PS1 mice, improved the damage of synaptic ultrastructure, increased the expression level of PSD95 and SYP, as well as reduced the necrosis of neurons. These findings suggest that RIF@PLA‐PEG‐Gd/Mal‐RVG29 may be an effective strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Zhou
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohao Zeng
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Rixin Luo
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai People's Republic of China
| | - Qunying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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5
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Nano-chitosan: A novel material for glioblastoma treatment. Int J Surg 2022; 104:106713. [PMID: 35710068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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6
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Li J, Xie Q, Ma R, Li Y, Yuan J, Ren M, Li H, Wang J, Lu D, Xu Z, Wang J. Recent Progress on the Synergistic Antitumor Effect of a Borneol-Modified Nanocarrier Drug Delivery System. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:750170. [PMID: 34901063 PMCID: PMC8655685 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.750170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Borneol, a traditional Chinese medicine, can enhance therapeutic efficacy by guiding the active ingredients to the target site. Reportedly, borneol improves the penetration capacity of the nasal, cornea, transdermal, intestinal, and blood-brain barriers. Although nanotechnology dramatically changed the face of oncology by targeting tumor sites, the efficiency of nanoparticles delivered to tumor sites is very low, with only 0.7% of the total particles delivered. Thus, based on the penetration ability and the inhibition drug efflux of borneol, it was expected to increase the targeting and detention efficacy of drugs into tumor sites in nanocarriers with borneol modification. Borneol modified nanocarriers used to improve drug-targeting has become a research focus in recent years, but few studies in this area, especially in the antitumor application. Hence, this review summarizes the recent development of nanocarriers with borneol modification. We focus on the updated works of improving therapeutic efficacy, reducing toxicity, inhibiting tumor metastasis, reversing multidrug resistance, and enhancing brain targeting to expand their application and provide a reference for further exploration of targeting drug delivery systems for solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianmei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Danni Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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7
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Raj D, Agrawal P, Gaitsch H, Wicks E, Tyler B. Pharmacological strategies for improving the prognosis of glioblastoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:2019-2031. [PMID: 34605345 PMCID: PMC8603465 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1948013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Treatments for brain cancer have radically evolved in the past decade due to a better understanding of the interplay between the immune system and tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). However, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the most common and lethal CNS malignancy affecting adults.Areas covered: The authors review the literature on glioblastoma pharmacologic therapies with a focus on trials of combination chemo-/immunotherapies and drug delivery platforms from 2015 to 2021.Expert opinion: Few therapeutic advances in GBM treatment have been made since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the BCNU-eluting wafer, Gliadel, in 1996 and oral temozolomide (TMZ) in 2005. Recent advances in our understanding of GBM have promoted a wide assortment of new therapeutic approaches including combination therapy, immunotherapy, vaccines, and Car T-cell therapy along with developments in drug delivery. Given promising preclinical data, these novel pharmacotherapies for the treatment of GBM are currently being evaluated in various stages of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyaansh Raj
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pranjal Agrawal
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hallie Gaitsch
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Wicks
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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8
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Abstract
Background:
Drug delivery to cancerous brain is a challenging task as it is
surrounded by an efficient protective barrier. The main hurdles for delivery of bioactive
molecules to cancerous brain are blood brain barrier (BBB), the invasive nature of gliomas,
drug resistance, and difficult brain interstitium transportation. Therefore, treatment
of brain cancer with the available drug regimen is difficult and has shown little improvement
in recent years.
Methods:
We searched about recent advancements in the use of nanomedicine for effective
treatment of the brain cancer. We focused on the use of liposomes, nanoparticles,
polymeric micelles, and dendrimers to improve brain cancer therapy.
Results:
Nanomedicines are well suited for the treatment of brain cancer owing to their
highly acceptable biological, chemical, and physical properties. Smaller size of nanomedicines
also enhances their anticancer potential and penetration into blood brain barrier
(BBB).
Conclusion:
Recently, nanomedicine based approaches have been developed and investigated
for effective treatment of brain cancer. Some of these have been translated into
clinical practice, in order to attain therapeutic needs of gliomas. Future advancements in
nanomedicines will likely produce significant changes in methods and practice of brain
cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Verma
- I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-Punjab 144601, India
| | - Puneet Utreja
- I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-Punjab 144601, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-Punjab 144601, India
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9
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Lara-Velazquez M, Alkharboosh R, Norton ES, Ramirez-Loera C, Freeman WD, Guerrero-Cazares H, Forte AJ, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Sarabia-Estrada R. Chitosan-Based Non-viral Gene and Drug Delivery Systems for Brain Cancer. Front Neurol 2020; 11:740. [PMID: 32849207 PMCID: PMC7406673 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are a leading source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Today, different strategies have been developed to allow targeted and controlled drug delivery into the brain. Gene therapy is a system based on the modification of patient's cells through the introduction of genetic material to exert a specific action. Administration of the foreign genetic material can be done through viral-mediated delivery or non-viral delivery via physical or mechanical systems. For brain cancer specifically, gene therapy can overcome the actual challenge of blood brain barrier penetration, the main reason for therapeutic failure. Chitosan (CS), a natural based biodegradable polymer obtained from the exoskeleton of crustaceans such as crab, shrimp, and lobster, has been used as a delivery vehicle in several non-viral modification strategies. This cationic polysaccharide is highly suitable for gene delivery mainly due to its chemical properties, its non-toxic nature, its capacity to protect nucleic acids through the formation of complexes with the genetic material, and its ease of degradation in organic environments. Recent evidence supports the use of CS as an alternative gene delivery system for cancer treatment. This review will describe multiple studies highlighting the advantages and challenges of CS-based delivery structures for the treatment of brain tumors. Furthermore, this review will provide insight on the translational potential of various CS based-strategies in current clinical cancer studies. Specifically, CS-based nanostructures including nanocapsules, nanospheres, solid-gel formulations, and nanoemulsions, also microshperes and micelles will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Lara-Velazquez
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurosurgery, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Plan of Combined Studies in Medicine (PECEM), UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rawan Alkharboosh
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurosurgery, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Regenerative Sciences Training Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Emily S. Norton
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurosurgery, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Regenerative Sciences Training Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - William D. Freeman
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurosurgery, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Antonio J. Forte
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurosurgery, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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10
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Manek E, Petroianu GA. Brain delivery of antidotes by polymeric nanoparticles. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:20-32. [PMID: 32666582 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Accidental intoxications from environmental pollutants, as well as intentional self- and chemical warfare-related poisonings affect millions of people worldwide each year. While many toxic agents can readily enter the central nervous system (CNS), the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents the brain uptake of most pharmaceuticals. Consequently, poisoning antidotes usually cannot reach their site of action in the CNS in therapeutically relevant concentrations, and thus only provide effective protection to the peripheral nervous system. This limitation can be overcome by encapsulating the antidotes in nanoparticles (NP), which can enhance their CNS accumulation without damaging the integrity of the BBB. Among nanocarriers, polymer-based drug delivery systems exhibit remarkable benefits, such as bioavailability, cell uptake and tissue retention. Furthermore, due to their capacity to mask unfavorable physicochemical properties of cargo drugs, polymeric NPs were able to improve BBB transport of various pharmaceuticals. However, while polymer NP-mediated treatment of various pathological brain conditions, such as glioma and Alzheimer's disease were exhaustively studied, the application of polymeric nanocarriers for brain-targeted delivery of antidote molecules has not been adequately examined. To display its therapeutic potential, we review the state of the art of polymer NP-assisted CNS delivery of antidotes for various poisonings, including heavy metal and organophosphorus intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Manek
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Georg A Petroianu
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Sitia L, Catelani T, Guarnieri D, Pompa PP. In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Models for Nanomedicine: Particle-Specific Effects and Methodological Drawbacks. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3279-3289. [PMID: 35030770 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Predicting the therapeutic efficacy of a nanocarrier, in a rapid and cost-effective way, is pivotal for the drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). In this context, in vitro testing platforms, like the transwell systems, offer numerous advantages to study the passage through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), such as overcoming ethical and methodological issues of in vivo models. However, the use of different transwell filters and nanocarriers with various physical-chemical features makes it difficult to assess the nanocarrier efficacy and achieve data reproducibility. In this work, we performed a systematic study to elucidate the role of the most widely used transwell filters in affecting the passage of nanocarriers, as a function of filter pore size and density. In particular, the transport of carboxyl- and amine-modified 100 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs), chosen as model nanocarriers, was quantified and compared to the behavior of Lucifer yellow (LY), a molecular marker of paracellular transport. Results indicate that the filter type affects the growth and formation of the confluent endothelial barrier, as well as the transport of NPs. Interestingly, the in situ dispersion of NPs was found to play a key role in governing their passage through the filters, both in absence and in presence of the cellular barrier. By framing the underlying nanobiointeractions, we found that particle-specific effects modulated cellular uptake and barrier intracellular distribution, eventually governing transcytosis through their interplay with "size exclusion effects" by the porous filters. This study highlights the importance of a careful evaluation of the physical-chemical profile of the tested nanocarrier along with filter parameters for a correct methodological approach to test BBB permeability in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Sitia
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco″, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via G. B. Grassi 74, Milano 20157, Italy
| | - Tiziano Catelani
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy.,Piattaforma Interdipartimentale di Microscopia, Università Degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Daniela Guarnieri
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, Salerno I-84084, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
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12
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Singh R, Bellat V, Wang M, Schweitzer ME, Wu YL, Tung CH, Souweidane MM, Law B. Volume of distribution and clearance of peptide-based nanofiber after convection-enhanced delivery. J Neurosurg 2017; 129:10-18. [PMID: 28885119 DOI: 10.3171/2017.2.jns162273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drug clearance may be a limiting factor in the clinical application of convection-enhanced delivery (CED). Peptide-based nanofibers (NFPs) have a high aspect ratio, and NFPs loaded with drugs could potentially maintain effective drug concentrations for an extended period sufficient for cancer therapy. The objective of this study was to assess the volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance of variable lengths of NFPs when administered using CED. METHODS NFPs composed of multiple methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG)-conjugated constructs (mPEG2000-KLDLKLDLKLDL-K( FITC)-CONH2, for which FITC is fluorescein isothiocyanate) were assembled in an aqueous buffer. The NFPs were approximately 5 nm in width and were formulated into different lengths: 100 nm (NFP-100), 400 nm (NFP-400), and 1000 nm (NFP-1000). The NFP surface was covalently conjugated with multiple Cy5.5 fluorophores as the optical reporters to track the post-CED distribution. Forty-two 6- to 8-week-old Ntv-a;p53fl/fl mice underwent CED to the striatum. Animals were killed immediately, 24 hours or 72 hours after CED. The brains were extracted and sectioned for assessing NFP Vd to volume of infusion (Vi) ratio, and clearance using fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS CED of NFPs was well tolerated by all the animals. The average Vd/Vi ratios for NFP-100, NFP-400, NFP-1000, and unconjugated positive control (free Cy5.5) were 1.87, 2.47, 1.07, and 3.0, respectively, which were statistically different (p = 0.003). The percentages remaining of the original infusion volume at 24 hours for NFP-100, -400, and -1000 were 40%, 90%, and 74%, respectively. The percentages remaining at 72 hours for NFP-100, -400, and -1000 were 15%, 30%, and 46%, respectively. Unconjugated Cy5.5 was not detected at 24 or 72 hours after CED. CONCLUSIONS CED of NFPs is feasible with Vd/Vi ratios and clearance rates comparable to other nanocarriers. Of the 3 NFPs, NFP-400 appears to provide the best distribution and slowest clearance after 24 hours. NFP provides a dynamic theranostic platform, with the potential to deliver clinically efficacious drug payload to brain tumor after CED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Bellat
- 2Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, and
| | | | | | | | - Ching-Hsuan Tung
- 2Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, and
| | - Mark M Souweidane
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery.,3Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Benedict Law
- 2Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, and
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Kundu P, Das M, Tripathy K, Sahoo SK. Delivery of Dual Drug Loaded Lipid Based Nanoparticles across the Blood-Brain Barrier Impart Enhanced Neuroprotection in a Rotenone Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1658-1670. [PMID: 27642670 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most widespread form of dementia where there is an age related degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Accumulation of α-synuclein (αS) protein aggregate, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death are the pathological hallmarks of PD. In this context, amalgamation of curcumin and piperine having profound cognitive properties, and antioxidant activity seems beneficial. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the major impediment for delivery of neurotherapeutics to the brain. The present study involves formulation of curcumin and piperine coloaded glyceryl monooleate (GMO) nanoparticles coated with various surfactants with a view to enhance the bioavailability of curcumin and penetration of both drugs to the brain tissue crossing the BBB and to enhance the anti-parkinsonism effect of both drugs in a single platform. In vitro results demonstrated augmented inhibition of αS protein into oligomers and fibrils, reduced rotenone induced toxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, and activation of autophagic pathway by dual drug loaded NPs compared to native counterpart. Further, in vivo studies revealed that our formulated dual drug loaded NPs were able to cross BBB, rescued the rotenone induced motor coordination impairment, and restrained dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in a PD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Kundu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Manasi Das
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Kalpalata Tripathy
- Department
of Pathology, Shri Ramachandra Bhanj Medical College, Cuttack 753007, India
| | - Sanjeeb K Sahoo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
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Cook RL, Householder KT, Chung EP, Prakapenka AV, DiPerna DM, Sirianni RW. A critical evaluation of drug delivery from ligand modified nanoparticles: Confounding small molecule distribution and efficacy in the central nervous system. J Control Release 2015; 220:89-97. [PMID: 26471392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we sought to test how surface modification of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles with peptide ligand alters the brain specific delivery of encapsulated molecules. For biodistribution studies, nanoparticles modified with rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG29) were loaded with small molecule drug surrogates and administered to healthy mice by lateral tail vein injection. Mice were perfused 2h after injection and major anatomical regions of the CNS were dissected (striatum, midbrain, cerebellum, hippocampus, cortex, olfactory bulb, brainstem, and cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord). For functional studies, surface modified nanoparticles were loaded with the chemotherapeutic camptothecin (CPT) and administered to mice bearing intracranial GL261-Luc2 gliomas. Outcome measures included tumor growth, as measured by bioluminescent imaging, and median survival time. We observed that small molecule delivery from PLGA nanoparticles varied by as much as 150% for different tissue regions within the CNS. These differences were directly correlated to regional differences in cerebral blood volume. Although the presence of RVG29 enhanced apparent brain delivery for multiple small molecule payloads, we observed minimal evidence for targeting to muscle or spinal cord, which are the known sites for rabies virus entry into the CNS, and enhancements in brain delivery were not prolonged due to an apparent aqueous instability of the RVG29 ligand. Furthermore, we have identified concerning differences in apparent delivery kinetics as measured by different payloads: nanoparticle encapsulated DiR was observed to accumulate in the brain, whereas encapsulated Nile red was rapidly cleared. Although systemically administered CPT loaded nanoparticles slowed the growth of orthotopic brain tumors to prolong survival, the presence of RVG29 did not enhance therapeutic efficacy compared to control nanoparticles. These data are consistent with a model of delivery of hydrophobic small molecules to the brain that does not rely on internalization of polymer nanoparticles in target tissue. We discuss an important risk for discordance between biodistribution, as typically measured by drug surrogate, and therapeutic outcome, as determined by clinically relevant measurement of drug function in a disease model. These results pose critical considerations for the methods used to design and evaluate targeted drug delivery systems in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Cook
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Kyle T Householder
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Eugene P Chung
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874701, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Alesia V Prakapenka
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874701, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Danielle M DiPerna
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
| | - Rachael W Sirianni
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874701, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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