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Xing Z, Li X, He ZNT, Fang X, Liang H, Kuang C, Li A, Yang Q. IDO1 Inhibitor RY103 Suppresses Trp-GCN2-Mediated Angiogenesis and Counters Immunosuppression in Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:870. [PMID: 39065567 PMCID: PMC11279595 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma is characterized by strong immunosuppression and excessive angiogenesis. Based on existing reports, it can be speculated that the resistance to anti-angiogenic drug vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) antibody correlates to the induction of novel immune checkpoint indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), while IDO1 has also been suggested to be related to tumor angiogenesis. Herein, we aim to clarify the potential role of IDO1 in glioma angiogenesis and the mechanism behind it. Bioinformatic analyses showed that the expressions of IDO1 and angiogenesis markers VEGFA and CD34 were positively correlated and increased with pathological grade in glioma. IDO1-overexpression-derived-tryptophan depletion activated the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) pathway and upregulated VEGFA in glioma cells. The tube formation ability of angiogenesis model cells could be inhibited by IDO1 inhibitors and influenced by the activity and expression of IDO1 in condition medium. A significant increase in serum VEGFA concentration and tumor CD34 expression was observed in IDO1-overexpressing GL261 subcutaneous glioma-bearing mice. IDO1 inhibitor RY103 showed positive anti-tumor efficacy, including the anti-angiogenesis effect and upregulation of natural killer cells in GL261 glioma-bearing mice. As expected, the combination of RY103 and anti-angiogenesis agent sunitinib was proved to be a better therapeutic strategy than either monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.X.); (X.L.); (Z.N.T.H.); (X.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Xuewen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.X.); (X.L.); (Z.N.T.H.); (X.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhen Ning Tony He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.X.); (X.L.); (Z.N.T.H.); (X.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.X.); (X.L.); (Z.N.T.H.); (X.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.X.); (X.L.); (Z.N.T.H.); (X.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Aiying Li
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.X.); (X.L.); (Z.N.T.H.); (X.F.); (H.L.)
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Di Ieva A. Computational Fractal-Based Analysis of MR Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI) in Neuro-Oncology and Neurotraumatology. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 36:445-468. [PMID: 38468047 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique able to depict the magnetic susceptibility produced by different substances, such as deoxyhemoglobin, calcium, and iron. The main application of SWI in clinical neuroimaging is detecting microbleedings and venous vasculature. Quantitative analyses of SWI have been developed over the last few years, aimed to offer new parameters, which could be used as neuroimaging biomarkers. Each technique has shown pros and cons, but no gold standard exists yet. The fractal dimension (FD) has been investigated as a novel potential objective parameter for monitoring intratumoral space-filling properties of SWI patterns. We showed that SWI patterns found in different tumors or different glioma grades can be represented by a gradient in the fractal dimension, thereby enabling each tumor to be assigned a specific SWI fingerprint. Such results were especially relevant in the differentiation of low-grade versus high-grade gliomas, as well as from high-grade gliomas versus lymphomas.Therefore, FD has been suggested as a potential image biomarker to analyze intrinsic neoplastic architecture in order to improve the differential diagnosis within clinical neuroimaging, determine appropriate therapy, and improve outcome in patients.These promising preliminary findings could be extended into the field of neurotraumatology, by means of the application of computational fractal-based analysis for the qualitative and quantitative imaging of microbleedings in traumatic brain injury patients. In consideration of some evidences showing that SWI signals are correlated with trauma clinical severity, FD might offer some objective prognostic biomarkers.In conclusion, fractal-based morphometrics of SWI could be further investigated to be used in a complementary way with other techniques, in order to form a holistic understanding of the temporal evolution of brain tumors and follow-up response to treatment, with several further applications in other fields, such as neurotraumatology and cerebrovascular neurosurgery as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Ieva
- Computational NeuroSurgery (CNS) Lab & Macquarie Neurosurgery, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Cocola C, Magnaghi V, Abeni E, Pelucchi P, Martino V, Vilardo L, Piscitelli E, Consiglio A, Grillo G, Mosca E, Gualtierotti R, Mazzaccaro D, La Sala G, Di Pietro C, Palizban M, Liuni S, DePedro G, Morara S, Nano G, Kehler J, Greve B, Noghero A, Marazziti D, Bussolino F, Bellipanni G, D'Agnano I, Götte M, Zucchi I, Reinbold R. Transmembrane Protein TMEM230, a Target of Glioblastoma Therapy. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:703431. [PMID: 34867197 PMCID: PMC8636015 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.703431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most aggressive tumors originating in the brain. Histopathologic features include circuitous, disorganized, and highly permeable blood vessels with intermittent blood flow. These features contribute to the inability to direct therapeutic agents to tumor cells. Known targets for anti-angiogenic therapies provide minimal or no effect in overall survival of 12–15 months following diagnosis. Identification of novel targets therefore remains an important goal for effective treatment of highly vascularized tumors such as GBM. We previously demonstrated in zebrafish that a balanced level of expression of the transmembrane protein TMEM230/C20ORF30 was required to maintain normal blood vessel structural integrity and promote proper vessel network formation. To investigate whether TMEM230 has a role in the pathogenesis of GBM, we analyzed its prognostic value in patient tumor gene expression datasets and performed cell functional analysis. TMEM230 was found necessary for growth of U87-MG cells, a model of human GBM. Downregulation of TMEM230 resulted in loss of U87 migration, substratum adhesion, and re-passaging capacity. Conditioned media from U87 expressing endogenous TMEM230 induced sprouting and tubule-like structure formation of HUVECs. Moreover, TMEM230 promoted vascular mimicry-like behavior of U87 cells. Gene expression analysis of 702 patients identified that TMEM230 expression levels distinguished high from low grade gliomas. Transcriptomic analysis of patients with gliomas revealed molecular pathways consistent with properties observed in U87 cell assays. Within low grade gliomas, elevated TMEM230 expression levels correlated with reduced overall survival independent from tumor subtype. Highest level of TMEM230 correlated with glioblastoma and ATP-dependent microtubule kinesin motor activity, providing a direction for future therapeutic intervention. Our studies support that TMEM230 has both glial tumor and endothelial cell intracellular and extracellular functions. Elevated levels of TMEM230 promote glial tumor cell migration, extracellular scaffold remodeling, and hypervascularization and abnormal formation of blood vessels. Downregulation of TMEM230 expression may inhibit both low grade glioma and glioblastoma tumor progression and promote normalization of abnormally formed blood vessels. TMEM230 therefore is both a promising anticancer and antiangiogenic therapeutic target for inhibiting GBM tumor cells and tumor-driven angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Cocola
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy.,Consorzio Italbiotec, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Magnaghi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Abeni
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Paride Pelucchi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Martino
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Vilardo
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piscitelli
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Consiglio
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grillo
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Mosca
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Gualtierotti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Mazzaccaro
- Operative Unit of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Gina La Sala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pietro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Mira Palizban
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sabino Liuni
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina DePedro
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Nano
- Operative Unit of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - James Kehler
- National Institutes of Health, NIDDK, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alessio Noghero
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Daniela Marazziti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy.,Laboratory of Vascular Oncology Candiolo Cancer Institute - IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bellipanni
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Igea D'Agnano
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ileana Zucchi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Rolland Reinbold
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
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VEGF-A in Cardiomyocytes and Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155294. [PMID: 32722551 PMCID: PMC7432634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a homodimeric vasoactive glycoprotein, is the key mediator of angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is responsible for a wide variety of physio/pathological processes, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Cardiomyocytes (CM), the main cell type present in the heart, are the source and target of VEGF-A and express its receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, on their cell surface. The relationship between VEGF-A and the heart is double-sided. On the one hand, VEGF-A activates CM, inducing morphogenesis, contractility and wound healing. On the other hand, VEGF-A is produced by CM during inflammation, mechanical stress and cytokine stimulation. Moreover, high concentrations of VEGF-A have been found in patients affected by different CVD, and are often correlated with an unfavorable prognosis and disease severity. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the expression and effects of VEGF-A on CM and the role of VEGF-A in CVD, which are the most important cause of disability and premature death worldwide. Based on clinical studies on angiogenesis therapy conducted to date, it is possible to think that the control of angiogenesis and VEGF-A can lead to better quality and span of life of patients with heart disease.
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Touyz RM, Herrmann SMS, Herrmann J. Vascular toxicities with VEGF inhibitor therapies-focus on hypertension and arterial thrombotic events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 12:409-425. [PMID: 29703600 PMCID: PMC6168784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway (VSP) fulfills a cardinal role in endothelial cells and its inhibition has profound cardiovascular impact. This is true not only for the normal vasculature but also for the tumor vasculature when VSP inhibitors are used as anti-angiogenic therapies. Generalized endothelial dysfunction predisposes to vasoconstriction, atherosclerosis, platelet activation, and thrombosis (arterial more than venous). All of these have been reported with VSP inhibitors and collectively give rise to vascular toxicities, the most concerning of which are arterial thromboembolic events (ATE). VSP inhibitors include antibodies, acting extracelluarly on VEGF, such as bevacizumab and tyrosine kinases inhibitors, acting intracellularly on the kinase domain of VEGF receptors, such as sunintib and sorafenib. The addition of bevacizumab and VSP tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy to the cancer treatment regimen is associated with a 1.5-2.5-fold and 2.3-4.6-fold increase risk of ATEs, respectively. Risk factors for ATEs while on VSP inhibitor therapy include age older than 65 years, previous thromboembolic events, history of atherosclerotic disease, and duration of VSP inhibitor therapy. In clinical practice, hypertension remains the most commonly noted vascular manifestation of VSP inhibition. Optimal blood pressure goals and preferred therapeutic strategies toward reaching these goals are not defined at present. This review summarizes current data on this topic and proposes a more intensive management approach to patients undergoing VSP inhibitor therapy including Systolic Blood PRessure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) blood pressure goals, pleiotropic vasoprotective agents such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, amlodipine, and carvedilol, high-dose statin therapy, and aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra M S Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Quantification of antiangiogenic treatment effects on tissue heterogeneity in glioma tumour xenograft model using a combination of DCE-MRI and 3D-ultramicroscopy. Eur Radiol 2016; 27:2894-2902. [PMID: 27830379 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-016-4629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed at assessing the effects of an anti-angiogenic treatment, which neutralises vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), on tumour heterogeneity. METHODS Murine glioma cells have been inoculated into the right brain frontal lobe of 16 mice. Anti-VEGF antibody was administered to a first group (n = 8), while a second group (n = 8) received a placebo. Magnetic resonance acquisitions, performed at days 10, 12, 15 and 23 following the implantation, allowed the derivation of a three-dimensional features dataset characterising tumour heterogeneity. Three-dimensional ultramicroscopy and standard histochemistry analysis have been performed to verify in vivo results. RESULTS Placebo-treated mice displayed a highly-vascularised area at the tumour periphery, a monolithic necrotic core and a chaotic dense vasculature across the entire tumour. In contrast, the B20-treated group did not show any highly vascularised regions and presents a fragmented necrotic core. A significant reduction of the number of vessel segments smaller than 17 μm has been observed. There was no difference in overall tumour volume and growth rate between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Region-specific analysis revealed that VEGF inhibition affects only: (1) highly angiogenic compartments expressing high levels of VEGF and characterised by small capillaries, and also (2) the formation and structure of necrotic regions. These effects appear to be transient and limited in time. KEY POINTS • VEGF inhibition affects only the highly angiogenic region and small capillaries network • VEGF inhibition is transient in time • Tumour volume is not affected by anti-angiogenic treatment • VEGF inhibition also influences the architecture of necrotic regions.
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