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Liu Y, Chen C, Wang X, Sun Y, Zhang J, Chen J, Shi Y. An Epigenetic Role of Mitochondria in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162518. [PMID: 36010594 PMCID: PMC9406960 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are not only the main energy supplier but are also the cell metabolic center regulating multiple key metaborates that play pivotal roles in epigenetics regulation. These metabolites include acetyl-CoA, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), NAD+, and O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), which are the main substrates for DNA methylation and histone post-translation modifications, essential for gene transcriptional regulation and cell fate determination. Tumorigenesis is attributed to many factors, including gene mutations and tumor microenvironment. Mitochondria and epigenetics play essential roles in tumor initiation, evolution, metastasis, and recurrence. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics are promising therapeutic strategies for tumor treatment. In this review, we summarize the roles of mitochondria in key metabolites required for epigenetics modification and in cell fate regulation and discuss the current strategy in cancer therapies via targeting epigenetic modifiers and related enzymes in metabolic regulation. This review is an important contribution to the understanding of the current metabolic-epigenetic-tumorigenesis concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu’e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinye Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yihong Sun
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Juxiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yufeng Shi
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (Y.S.)
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Sox2 induces glioblastoma cell stemness and tumor propagation by repressing TET2 and deregulating 5hmC and 5mC DNA modifications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:37. [PMID: 35136034 PMCID: PMC8826438 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a reversible process catalyzed by the ten–eleven translocation (TET) family of enzymes (TET1, TET2, TET3) that convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Altered patterns of 5hmC and 5mC are widely reported in human cancers and loss of 5hmC correlates with poor prognosis. Understanding the mechanisms leading to 5hmC loss and its role in oncogenesis will advance the development of epigenetic-based therapeutics. We show that TET2 loss associates with glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells and correlates with poor survival of GBM patients. We further identify a SOX2:miR-10b-5p:TET2 axis that represses TET2 expression, represses 5hmC, increases 5mC levels, and induces GBM cell stemness and tumor-propagating potential. In vivo delivery of a miR-10b-5p inhibitor that normalizes TET2 expression and 5hmC levels inhibits tumor growth and prolongs survival of animals bearing pre-established orthotopic GBM xenografts. These findings highlight the importance of TET2 and 5hmC loss in Sox2-driven oncogenesis and their potential for therapeutic targeting.
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Dong ZR, Ke AW, Li T, Cai JB, Yang YF, Zhou W, Shi GM, Fan J. CircMEMO1 modulates the promoter methylation and expression of TCF21 to regulate hepatocellular carcinoma progression and sorafenib treatment sensitivity. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:75. [PMID: 33985545 PMCID: PMC8117652 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cirrhosis is a recognized risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Few studies have reported the expression profile of circRNAs in HCC samples compared to paratumour dysplastic nodule (DN) samples. Methods The Arraystar Human circRNA Array combined with laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to analyse the expression profile of circRNAs in HCC samples compared to paratumour DN samples. Then, both in vitro and in vivo HCC models were used to determine the role and mechanism of key circRNA in HCC progression and treatment sensitivity. Results We found that circMEMO1 was significantly downregulated in HCC samples and that the level of circMEMO1 was closely related to the OS and disease-free survival (DFS) of HCC patients. Mechanistic analysis revealed that circMEMO1 can modulate the promoter methylation and gene expression of TCF21 to regulate HCC progression by acting as a sponge for miR-106b-5p, which targets the TET family of genes and increases the 5hmC level. More importantly, circMEMO1 can increase the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib treatment. Conclusion Our study determined that circMEMO1 can promote the demethylation and expression of TCF21 and can be considered a crucial epigenetic modifier in HCC progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01361-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ru Dong
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 YiXue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ai-Wu Ke
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 YiXue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jia-Bing Cai
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 YiXue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ya-Fei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 YiXue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guo-Ming Shi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 YiXue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 YiXue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Ferrer AI, Trinidad JR, Sandiford O, Etchegaray JP, Rameshwar P. Epigenetic dynamics in cancer stem cell dormancy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 39:721-738. [PMID: 32394305 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases despite significant advances of early diagnosis and therapeutic treatments. Cancerous tumors are composed of various cell types including cancer stem cells capable of self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and invasion of distal tumor sites. Most notably, these cells can enter a dormant cellular state that is resistant to conventional therapies. Thereby, cancer stem cells have the intrinsic potential for tumor initiation, tumor growth, metastasis, and tumor relapse after therapy. Both genetic and epigenetic alterations are attributed to the formation of multiple tumor types. This review is focused on how epigenetic dynamics involving DNA methylation and DNA oxidations are implicated in breast cancer and glioblastoma multiforme. The emergence and progression of these cancer types rely on cancer stem cells with the capacity to enter quiescence also known as a dormant cellular state, which dictates the distinct tumorigenic aggressiveness between breast cancer and glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra I Ferrer
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Jonathan R Trinidad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Oleta Sandiford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | | | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Li X, Xu M, Lv W, Yang X. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction-mediated miR-767 inhibition suppresses tumor progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3391-3397. [PMID: 32266038 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have important roles in tumor progression in various human cancers. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD)-mediated gene transfection has been considered a useful tool for improving cancer treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-767 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and further analyze the effects of UTMD-mediated miR-767 inhibition on tumor progression. The expression of miR-767 was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. UTMD-mediated miR-767 inhibition was achieved by the co-transfection of microbubbles and miR-767 inhibitor in NSCLC cells. Cell proliferation was assessed by a CCK-8 assay and cell migration and invasion were examined by a Transwell assay. The expression of miR-767 was increased in NSCLC serum, tissues and cells compared with controls. The reduction of miR-767 in NSCLC cells led to the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion. UTMD increased the transfection efficiency of the miR-767 inhibitor in NSCLC cells, and UTMD-mediated miR-767 inhibition resulted in a more significant suppressive effect on tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Taken together, the results indicated that miR-767 expression is upregulated in both NSCLC clinical samples and cells. The downregulation of miR-767 can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and these effects are further promoted by UTMD-mediated miR-767 inhibition, which indicated the potential of a UTMD-mediated miR-767 inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zibo City Linzi District People's Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255400, P.R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Burns and Plastic Surgery, and Hemorrhoids Fistula Surgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Wenyu Lv
- Department of Oncology, Boxing People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256500, P.R. China
| | - Xingwang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Zibo City Linzi District People's Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255400, P.R. China
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Wang J, Zhang D, Du J, Zhou C, Li Z, Liu X, Ouyang G, Xiao W. Tet1 facilitates hypoxia tolerance by stabilizing the HIF-α proteins independent of its methylcytosine dioxygenase activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 45:12700-12714. [PMID: 29036334 PMCID: PMC5727443 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the requirement of oxygen (O2) to produce energy, aerobic organisms developed mechanisms to protect themselves against a shortage of oxygen in both acute status and chronic status. To date, how organisms tolerate acute hypoxia and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we identify that Tet1, one member of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of methylcytosine dioxygenases, is required for hypoxia tolerance in zebrafish and mice. Tet1-null zebrafish and mice are more sensitive to hypoxic conditions compared with their wild-type siblings. We demonstrate that Tet1 stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIF-α) and enhances HIF-α transcription activity independent of its enzymatic activity. In addition, we show that Tet1 modulates HIF-2α and HIF-1α through different mechanisms. Tet1 competes with prolyl hydroxylase protein 2 (PHD2) to bind to HIF-2α, resulting in a reduction of HIF-2α hydroxylation by PHD2. For HIF-1α, however, Tet1 has no effect on HIF-1α hydroxylation, but rather it appears to stabilize the C-terminus of HIF-1α by affecting lysine site modification. Furthermore, we found that Tet1 enhances rather than prevents poly-ubiquitination on HIF-α. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized function of Tet1 independent of its methylcytosine dioxygenase activity in hypoxia signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Chi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Gang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430072, PR China.,The Key laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
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Hore TA. Modulating epigenetic memory through vitamins and TET: implications for regenerative medicine and cancer treatment. Epigenomics 2017; 9:863-871. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins A and C represent unrelated sets of small molecules that are essential to the human diet and have recently been shown to intensify erasure of epigenetic memory in naive embryonic stem cells. These effects are driven by complementary enhancement of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) demethylases – vitamin A stimulates TET expression, whereas vitamin C potentiates TET catalytic activity. Vitamin A and C cosupplementation synergistically enhances reprogramming of differentiated cells to the naive state, but overuse may exaggerate instability of imprinted genes. As such, optimizing their use in culture media will be important for regenerative medicine and mammalian transgenics. In addition, mechanistic perception of how these vitamins interact with the epigenome may be relevant for understanding cancer and improving patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Hore
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
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Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes and is considered to be the most aggressive cancer among all skin diseases. The pathogenesis of melanoma has not been well documented, which may restrict the research and development of biomarkers and therapies. To date, several genetic and epigenetic factors have been identified as contributing to the development and progression of melanoma. Besides the findings on genetic susceptibilities, the recent progress in epigenetic studies has revealed that loss of the DNA hydroxymethylation mark, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), along with high levels of DNA methylation at promoter regions of several tumor suppressor genes in melanoma, may serve as biomarkers for melanoma. Moreover, 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine, an epigenetic modifier causing DNA demethylation, and ten-eleven translocation family dioxygenase (TET), which catalyzes the generation of 5-hmC, demonstrate therapeutic potential in melanoma treatment. In this review, we will summarize the latest progress in research on DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation in melanoma, and we will discuss and provide insight for epigenetic biomarkers and therapies for melanoma. Particularly, we will discuss the role of DNA hydroxymethylation in melanoma infiltrating immune cells, which may also serve as a potential target for melanoma treatment.
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