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Wen K, Chen X, Gu J, Chen Z, Wang Z. Beyond traditional translation: ncRNA derived peptides as modulators of tumor behaviors. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:63. [PMID: 38877495 PMCID: PMC11177406 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the intricate tapestry of molecular research, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) were historically overshadowed by a pervasive presumption of their inability to encode proteins or peptides. However, groundbreaking revelations have challenged this notion, unveiling select ncRNAs that surprisingly encode peptides specifically those nearing a succinct 100 amino acids. At the forefront of this epiphany stand lncRNAs and circRNAs, distinctively characterized by their embedded small open reading frames (sORFs). Increasing evidence has revealed different functions and mechanisms of peptides/proteins encoded by ncRNAs in cancer, including promotion or inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, cellular metabolism (glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism), and promotion or concerted metastasis of cancer cells. The discoveries not only accentuate the depth of ncRNA functionality but also open novel avenues for oncological research and therapeutic innovations. The main difficulties in the study of these ncRNA-derived peptides hinge crucially on precise peptide detection and sORFs identification. Here, we illuminate cutting-edge methodologies, essential instrumentation, and dedicated databases tailored for unearthing sORFs and peptides. In addition, we also conclude the potential of clinical applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wen
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, P.R. China
| | - Jingyao Gu
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyao Chen
- Department of Respiratory Endoscopy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, P.R. China.
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Huang L, Chen X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Qiu X. Elucidating epigenetic mechanisms governing odontogenic differentiation in dental pulp stem cells: an in-depth exploration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1394582. [PMID: 38863943 PMCID: PMC11165363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1394582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification that influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. These epigenetic modifications can regulate gene transcription, splicing, and stability, thereby impacting cell differentiation, development, and disease occurrence. The formation of dentin is intrinsically linked to the odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which are recognized as the optimal cell source for dentin-pulp regeneration due to their varied odontogenic potential, strong proliferative and angiogenic characteristics, and ready accessibility Numerous studies have demonstrated the critical role of epigenetic regulation in DPSCs differentiation into specific cell types. This review thus provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms by which epigenetic regulation controls the odontogenesis fate of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoling Qiu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Liu S, Yuan L, Li J, Liu Y, Wang H, Ren X. circDENND4C, a novel serum marker for epithelial ovarian cancer, acts as a tumor suppressor by downregulating miR-200b/c. Ann Med 2023; 55:908-919. [PMID: 36896567 PMCID: PMC10795628 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2185289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE To explore the diagnostic value of circ-DENN domain containing 4 C (circDENND4C) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and the corresponding mechanism. METHODS We determined the expression of circDENND4C and miR-200b/c in tissues and serum specimens as well as EOC cell lines using qRT-PCR. Basic clinical data, and serum HE4 and CAl25 levels were acquired from patients' clinical records. Expression-related correlations and the diagnostic value of serum circDENND4C in EOC were also estimated. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were performed to detect the effect of circDENND4C on cell proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS circDENND4C level was lowest while miR-200b/c was highest in EOC tissues, followed by benign and normal tissues. Similarly, serum circDENND4C was lowest while miR-200b/c was highest in EOC patients. Moreover, serum circDENND4C was lower in patients with benign ovarian tumors than in healthy women, while miR-200b/c expression was higher. circDENND4C was negatively associated with miR-200b/c in EOC tissues and serum specimens, and serum circDENND4C was also negatively correlated with serum HE4 and CAl25 in EOC patients. circDENND4C expression in both tissue and serum was negatively related to FIGO and TNM stage, and tumor size in EOC. Serum circDENND4C could distinguish healthy persons from patients with benign ovarian tumors and EOC, and they showed a higher specificity and accuracy than serum CA125 or HE4 in EOC diagnosis. circDENND4C upregulation significantly suppressed EOC cell proliferation and facilitated apoptosis by downregulating miR-200b/c in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Summarily, circDENND4C acts as a tumor inhibitor by downregulating miR-200b/c in EOC and could be a possible tumor marker for EOC diagnosis.KEY MESSAGEScircDENND4C expression was lowest while miR-200b/c was highest in EOC tissues or serums, followed by benign and normal tissues or serums.circDENND4C was involved in malignant progression of EOC, concretely, overexpression of circDENND4C suppressed EOC cell proliferation and stimulated apoptosis via downregulating miR-200b/c, and circDENND4C expression in both tissue and serum was closely related to FIGO and TNM stages and tumor size in EOC.Serum circDENND4C showed a higher specificity and accuracy than serum CA125 or HE4 in EOC diagnosis.HIGHLIGHTScircDENND4C expression was lowest while miR-200b/c was highest in EOC tissues, followed by benign and normal tissues.Serum circDENND4C was lowest while miR-200b/c was highest in EOC patients, followed by benign patients and healthy women.Overexpression of circDENND4C suppresses EOC cell proliferation and stimulates apoptosis via downregulating miR-200b/c.circDENND4C expression in both tissue and serum was closely related to FIGO and TNM stage and tumor size in EOC.Serum circDENND4C showed a higher specificity and accuracy than serum CA125 or HE4 in EOC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Limei Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Jinzhu Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Yurong Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Xingye Ren
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Peoplés Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
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Zhang X, Song Q, Zeng L. Circulating hsa_circ_0072309, acting via the miR-100/ACKR3 pathway, maybe a potential biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of brain metastasis from non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18005-18019. [PMID: 37496297 PMCID: PMC10523940 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main causes of lung cancer-related death is brain metastasis (BM). Finding early indicators of BM derived from lung cancer is crucial. Therefore, this study was designed to determine if serum hsa_circ_0072309 may be employed as a potential biomarker for BM induced by non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to understand its possible underlying mechanism. METHODS Primary lung cancer and healthy neighboring tissues were obtained from all patients, while BM tissues were taken from BM+ patients. Serum specimens were collected from all patients and healthy volunteers. Hsa_circ_001653, miR-100, and ACKR3 RNA expressions were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) protein expression by western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In order to examine the effect of serum hsa_circ_0072309 and its relevant mechanism on BM development, an NSCLC-associated BM model in mice was established. RESULTS According to the results, miR-100 expression was down-regulated in primary lung cancer tissues compared to healthy lung tissues in all NSCLC patients, and circ_0072309 and ACKR3 expression were up-regulated. In BM tissues compared with primary lung tumors of BM+ patients, in serum samples from all patients compared to healthy volunteers, and in lung tumors of BM+ patients compared to those from BM- patients. Patients' serum exhibits the same level of hsa_circ_0072309/miR-100/ACKR3 expression as in BM samples. Advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, higher BM, shorter post-operative overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) are all substantially associated with increased serum circ_0072309 levels in BM+ patients. In animal models, serum owning hsa_circ_0072309 from BM+ patients facilitates BM formation by regulating the miR-100/ACKR3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS The current preliminary research reveals serum hsa_circ_0072309 as a possible biomarker and target for early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of NSCLC-derived BM and suggests a substantial role for the hsa_circ_0072309/miR-100/ACKR3 axis in the formation of BM from NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Qiang Zhang
- Department of thoracic surgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Qian Song
- Department of thoracic surgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Lin‐Xiang Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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Zhang C, Zhou Y, Zhang B, Sheng Z, Sun N, Yuan B, Wu X. Identification of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA expression profiles and ceRNA Networks in small cell lung cancer. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:217. [PMID: 37098483 PMCID: PMC10131370 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly lethal malignant tumor. It accounts for approximately 15% of newly diagnosed lung cancers. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate gene expression and contribute to tumorigenesis through interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs). However, there are only a few studies reporting the expression profiles of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs in SCLC. Also, the role of differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs in relation to competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network in SCLC remain unclear. RESULTS In the present study, we first performed next generation sequencing (NGS) with six pairs of SCLC tumors and adjacent non-cancerous tissues obtained from SCLC patients. Overall, 29 lncRNAs, 48 miRNAs, and 510 mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in SCLC samples (|log2[fold change] |> 1; P < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict and construct a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network, which included 9 lncRNAs, 11 miRNAs, and 392 mRNAs. Four up-regulated lncRNAs and related mRNAs in the ceRNA regulatory pathways were selected and validated by quantitative PCR. In addition, we examined the role of the most upregulated lncRNA, TCONS_00020615, in SCLC cells. We found that TCONS_00020615 may regulate SCLC tumorigenesis through the TCONS_00020615-hsa-miR-26b-5p-TPD52 pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided the comprehensive analysis of the expression profiles of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs of SCLC tumors and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. We constructed the ceRNA networks which may provide new evidence for the underlying regulatory mechanism of SCLC. We also found that the lncRNA TCONS_00020615 may regulate the carcinogenesis of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Sheng
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Sun
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyin Yuan
- College of Life Science and Health, Biomedical Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Wu
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Xian D, Wu Y, Chen W, Yan Q, Wu Y. Circ_0060937 Contributes to the Development of Lung Cancer via Positively Regulating LAD1 Expression by Binding to miR-1304-5p. Biochem Genet 2023:10.1007/s10528-022-10322-4. [PMID: 36633773 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In view of the significance of circular RNA (circRNA) in multiple carcinogeneses, our study focused on circ_0060937 and investigated its function and molecular mechanism in lung cancer. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blot assays were applied for expression analysis of circ_0060937, miR-1304-5p, LAD1, and several marker proteins. Functional experiments, including colony formation assay, EdU assay, transwell analysis, sphere formation assay, and flow cytometry experiment, were conducted for cell behavior analysis. The putative binding relationship between circ_0060937 and miR-1304-5p was validated by dual-luciferase reporter experiment and pull-down analysis. Animal models were established to ascertain the role of circ_0060937. Upregulation of circ_0060937 was shown in lung cancer tissues and cell lines. Circ_0060937 downregulation repressed A549 and H1299 cell proliferative, migratory, invasive, and sphere formation abilities, and circ_0060937 absence also decelerated tumorigenesis in animal models. Circ_0060937 bound to miR-1304-5p to positively regulate LAD1 expression. The inhibitory effects of circ_0060937 absence on A549 and H1299 cell malignant behaviors were largely reversed by miR-1304-5p inhibition or LAD1 overexpression, hinting that circ_0060937 affected lung cancer progression via modulating the miR-1304-5p/LAD1 axis. Circ_0060937 downregulation decreased the expression of LAD1 by releasing miR-1304-5p to effectively repress lung cancer cell growth and in vivo tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubiao Xian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Stomatology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuechang Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China. .,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 7th Floor, Surgery Building, 31 Longhua Road, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
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Wang F, Yu C, Chen L, Xu S. Landscape of circular RNAs in different types of lung cancer and an emerging role in therapeutic resistance (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 62:21. [PMID: 36562354 PMCID: PMC9812256 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor types and the leading cause of cancer‑associated death worldwide. Different types of lung cancer exhibit differences in terms of pathophysiology and pathogenesis, and also treatment and prognosis. Accumulating evidence has indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abnormally expressed among different types of lung cancer and confer important biological functions in progression and prognosis. However, studies comparing different circRNAs in lung cancer subtypes are scarce. Furthermore, circRNAs have an important role in drug resistance and are related to clinicopathological features in lung cancer. Summaries of the association of circRNAs with drug resistance are also scarce in the literature. The present study outlined the biological functions of circRNAs and focused on discriminating differential circRNA patterns and mechanisms in three different types of lung cancer. The emerging roles of circRNAs in the resistance to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy were also highlighted. Understanding these aspects of circRNAs sheds light on novel physiological and pathophysiological processes of lung cancer and suggests the application of circRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chuting Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Ling Chen, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Sheng Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China,Professor Sheng Xu, National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Hussen BM, Abdullah SR, Hama Faraj GS, Rasul MF, Salihi A, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M, Mokhtari M. Exosomal circular RNA: a signature for lung cancer progression. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:378. [PMID: 36457039 PMCID: PMC9714134 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane vesicles having a diameter of 30-150 nm are known as exosomes. Several cancer types secrete exosomes, which may contain proteins, circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNAs, or DNA. CircRNAs are endogenous RNAs that do not code for proteins and can create continuous and covalently closed loops. In cancer pathogenesis, especially metastasis, exosomal circRNAs (exo-circRNAs) have a crucial role mainly due to the frequently aberrant expression levels within tumors. However, neither the activities nor the regulatory mechanisms of exo-circRNAs in advancing lung cancer (LC) are obvious. A better understanding of the regulation and network connections of exo-circRNAs will lead to better treatment for LCs. The main objective of the current review is to highlight the functions and mechanisms of exo-circRNAs in LC and assess the relationships between exo-circRNA dysregulation and LC progression. In addition, underline the possible therapeutic targets based on exo-circRNA modulating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Science, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Goran Sedeeq Hama Faraj
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, 44001, Iraq
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Majid Mokhtari
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Non-coding genome in small cell lung cancer between theoretical view and clinical applications. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:237-250. [PMID: 35367369 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive cancer of the neuroendocrine system, characterized by poor differentiation, rapid growth, and poor overall survival (OS) of patients. Despite the recent advances in the treatment of SCLC recently, the 2-year survival rate of patients with the cancer is only 14-15%, occasioned by the acquired resistance to drugs and serious off-target effects. In humans, the coding region is only 2% of the total genome, and 20% of that is associated with human diseases. Beyond the coding genome are RNAs, promoters, enhancers, and other intricate elements. The non-coding regulatory regions, mainly the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), regulate numerous biological activities including cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. As such, they are potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, and also potential therapeutic targets for SCLC. Therefore, understanding how non-coding elements regulate SCLC development and progression holds significant clinical implications. Herein, we summarized the recent discoveries on the relationship between the non-coding elements including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNA (circRNA), enhancers as well as promotors, and the pathogenesis of SCLC and their potential clinical applications.
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Hua J, Wang X, Ma L, Li J, Cao G, Zhang S, Lin W. CircVAPA promotes small cell lung cancer progression by modulating the miR-377-3p and miR-494-3p/IGF1R/AKT axis. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:123. [PMID: 35668527 PMCID: PMC9172052 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play oncogenic or tumor-suppressive roles in various human cancers. Nevertheless, the biological functions of circRNAs in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are still elusive. Methods CircVAPA (annotated as hsa_circ_0006990) was identified by mining the circRNA profiling dataset of six paired SCLC tissues and the RNA-seq data of serum samples from 36 SCLC patients and 118 healthy controls. The circVAPA expression level was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR in SCLC cells and tissues. Cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle and apoptosis analysis assays and in vivo tumorigenesis were used to reveal the biological roles of circVAPA. The underlying mechanism of circVAPA was investigated by Western blot, RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter assay and rescue experiments. Results We revealed that circVAPA, derived from exons 2-4 of the vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein A (VAPA) gene, exhibited higher expression levels in SCLC cell lines, clinical tissues, and serum from SCLC patients than the controls, and facilitated SCLC progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circVAPA activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway by modulating the miR-377-3p and miR-494-3p/insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) axis to accelerate SCLC progression. Furthermore, circVAPA depletion markedly enhanced the inhibitory effects of BMS-536924, an IGF1R kinase inhibitor in cellular and xenograft mouse models. Conclusions CircVAPA promotes SCLC progression via the miR-377-3p and miR-494-3p/IGF1R/AKT axis. We hope to develop clinical protocols of combinations of circVAPA inhibition and BMS-536924 addition for treating SCLC with circVAPA upregulation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01595-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Hua
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Liying Ma
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Guozhen Cao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wenchu Lin
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China. .,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China. .,High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
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11
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Circ_0087960 stabilizes KDM5B by reducing SKP2 mediated ubiquitination degradation and promotes osteogenic differentiation in periodontal ligament stem cells. Regen Ther 2022; 19:122-130. [PMID: 35229010 PMCID: PMC8844145 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a common chronic oral disease among the world. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) has been proved to be a promising tool for the treatment of periodontitis due to their capability of generating periodontal tissues. Circ_0087960 and KDM5B have been shown to participate in the process of osteogenic differentiation with unclear function and mechanism. Methods Circ_0087960 and KDM5B expressions were detected during the osteogenic induction of PDLSCs. The functions of circ_0087960 and KDM5B were validated by manipulating their expression with shRNA. ChIP and luciferase reporter assays were used to prove the KDM5B-based osteogenic gene regulation. Co-IP assay was used to determine the interaction between SKP2 and KDM5B. In vivo ubiquitination assay was used to test the modification of KDM5B by SKP2. RNA pull-down was used to demonstrate the interaction between circ_0087960 and KDM5B. Results Circ_0087960 and KDM5B were found to be upregulated in the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and promote the expression of related genes. KDM5B could directly bind and promote the expression of Runx2, ALP and OCN. KDM5B protein level in PDLSCs was controlled by SKP2-mediated protein ubiquitination and degradation. Circ_0087960 was identified to bind to KDM5B protein and protect it against SKP2-induced protein degradation, leading to the upregulation of osteogenic genes. Conclusion Circ_0087960 and KDM5B could be applied as promising therapeutic methods to stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, expanding their capability in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Zhu L, Wang Z, Sun L, Zheng D, Hu B, Li N, Shao G. Hsa_circ_0000437 upregulates and promotes disease progression in rheumatic valvular heart disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24197. [PMID: 34952991 PMCID: PMC8842158 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the diagnosis and outcome of rheumatic valvular heart disease (RVHD) are less than ideal, and there are no accurate biomarkers. Circular RNA (circRNA) might participate in the occurrence and development of RVHD. Materials and methods We use circRNA microarray to filter out the target has_circ_0000437. qRT‐PCR was used to measure the expression levels of hsa_circ_0000437 in RVHD plasma samples. We assessed the diagnostic value of hsa_circ_0000437 in RVHD. Cell function in vitro experiment was to explore the effect of has_circ_0000437 on RVHD. Results Has_circ_0000437 is highly expressed in RVHD (p < 0.001). has_circ_0000437 has the diagnostic value in RVHD. In RVHD, hsa_circ_0000437 can promote cell proliferation and migration but inhibits its apoptosis. This may be due to the combination of has_circ_0000437 and target miRNA in the cytoplasm that affects the progress of RVHD. Conclusions Has_circ_0000437 can promote the process of RVHD and may be a potential for the diagnosis and treatment of RVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwen Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lebo Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dawei Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingchuan Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guofeng Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Wang Q, Yan C, Zhang P, Li G, Zhu R, Wang H, Wu L, Xu G. Microarray Identifies a Key Carcinogenic Circular RNA 0008594 That Is Related to Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Development and Lymph Node Metastasis and Promotes NSCLC Progression by Regulating the miR-760-Mediated PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK Pathways. Front Oncol 2021; 11:757541. [PMID: 34858831 PMCID: PMC8632265 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the circular RNA (circRNA/circ) profile engaged in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development and metastasis and to investigate potentially key carcinogenic circRNAs related to NSCLC. Methods CircRNA profiles between 10 NSCLC tissues and 10 adjacent tissues and between five NSCLC tissues with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and five NSCLC tissues without LNM were detected by Arraystar Human circRNA Array followed by bioinformatics. Circ_0008594 knockdown, circ_0004293 overexpression, and circ_0003832 overexpression plasmids were transfected into H23 and H460 cells to sort potential oncogenic circRNA. Then circ_0008594 overexpression and knockdown plasmids were transfected, followed by that circ_0008594 knockdown plus miR-760 knockdown plasmids were transfected into these cells. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, stemness, and pathways were detected. In addition, xenograft mice models were constructed via injecting H23 cells with circ_0008594 overexpression or knockdown to validate the findings. Results A total of 455 dysregulated circRNAs in NSCLC tissues versus adjacent tissues and 353 dysregulated circRNAs in NSCLC tissues with LNM versus those without LNM were discovered. Via cross-analysis, 19 accordant circRNAs were uncovered, among which three candidate circRNAs (circ_0008594, circ_0004293, circ_0003832) were chosen for functional experiments, during which it was observed that circ_0008549 affected H23 and H460 cell proliferation and apoptosis more obviously than circ_0004293 and circ_0003832. Subsequent experiments showed that circ_0008594 promoted H23 and H460 cell proliferation and invasion but affected stemness less and negatively regulated miR-760 via direct binding. Furthermore, miR-760 attenuated the effect of circ_0008549 on regulating H23 and H460 cell functions and the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways. In vivo experiments further confirmed that circ_0008549 increased tumor volume, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways while reducing tumor apoptosis and miR-760 NSCLC xenograft models. Conclusion Our study identifies several valuable circRNAs related to NSCLC development and LNM. Furthermore, as a key functional circRNA, circ_0008594 was observed to promote NSCLC progression by regulating the miR-760-mediated PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- The Second Department of General Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunhua Yan
- Department of Respiratory, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Respiratory, Longgang District The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- The Second Department of General Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghua Li
- The Second Department of General Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruidong Zhu
- The Second Department of General Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hanbing Wang
- The Second Department of General Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Libo Wu
- The Second Department of General Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangquan Xu
- The Second Department of General Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Avilala J, Becnel D, Abdelghani R, Nanbo A, Kahn J, Li L, Lin Z. Role of Virally Encoded Circular RNAs in the Pathogenicity of Human Oncogenic Viruses. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:657036. [PMID: 33959113 PMCID: PMC8093803 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.657036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oncogenic viruses are a group of important pathogens that etiologically contribute to at least 12% of total cancer cases in the world. As an emerging class of non-linear regulatory RNA molecules, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained increasing attention as a crucial player in the regulation of signaling pathways involved in viral infection and oncogenesis. With the assistance of current circRNA enrichment and detection technologies, numerous novel virally-encoded circRNAs (vcircRNAs) have been identified in the human oncogenic viruses, initiating an exciting new era of vcircRNA research. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the roles of vcircRNAs in the respective viral infection cycles and in virus-associated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janardhan Avilala
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center and Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - David Becnel
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ramsy Abdelghani
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Asuka Nanbo
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jacob Kahn
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center and Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Translational Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Zhen Lin
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center and Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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15
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Feng B, Zhou H, Wang T, Lin X, Lai Y, Chu X, Wang R. Insights Into circRNAs: Functional Roles in Lung Cancer Management and the Potential Mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636913. [PMID: 33634138 PMCID: PMC7900409 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer globally. It is also the leading cause of cancer-related death because of the late diagnosis and the frequent resistance to therapeutics. Therefore, it is impending to identify novel biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets to improve the clinical outcomes. Identified as a new class of RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) derive from pre-mRNA back splicing with considerable stability and conservation. Accumulating research reveal that circRNAs can function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, regulators of gene transcription and alternative splicing, as well as interact with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), or even be translated into proteins directly. Currently, a large body of circRNAs have been demonstrated differentially expressed in physiological and pathological processes including cancer. In lung cancer, circRNAs play multiple roles in carcinogenesis, development, and response to different therapies, indicating their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as novel therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the multi-faceted functions of circRNAs in lung cancer and the underlying mechanisms, together with the possible future of these discoveries in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinrong Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongting Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Kumar S, Pandey M, Sharawat SK. Biological functions of long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs in small-cell lung cancer. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1751-1763. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to discuss comprehensively the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) biology and their clinical utility as cancer biomarkers. We searched the scientific literature to select articles related to the role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in SCLC biology or as cancer biomarkers. We identified that a number of lncRNAs and circRNAs can regulate key biological processes involved in SCLC development, including cell proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance mainly acting as miRNA sponges. Also, the expression of a few lncRNAs and circRNAs predicted survival outcome depicting their utility as prognostic biomarkers. Further investigations on the role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in SCLC tumors may yield novel therapeutic targets for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Monu Pandey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Surender K Sharawat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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circRNA Expression Profile in Dental Pulp Stem Cells during Odontogenic Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:5405931. [PMID: 32952566 PMCID: PMC7482017 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5405931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) is a key step of pulp regeneration. Recent studies showed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) have many biological functions and that competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) is their most common mechanism of action. However, the role of circRNAs in hDPSCs during odontogenesis is still unclear. Methods Isolated hDPSCs were cultured in essential and odontogenic medium. Total RNA was extracted after 14 days of culture, and then, microarray analysis was performed to measure the differential expressions of circRNAs. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was then performed to validate the microarray results. Based on microarray data from this study and available in the database, a ceRNA network was constructed to investigate the potential function of circRNAs during odontogenesis. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to investigate the potential correlation between signaling pathways and circRNAs. In addition, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to explore the function of hsa_circRNA_104101. Results We found 43 upregulated circRNAs and 144 downregulated circRNAs during the odontogenic differentiation process (fold change > 1.5 and <-1.5, respectively; P < 0.05). qRT-PCR results were in agreement with the microarray results. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the Wnt signaling pathway and the TGF-β signaling pathway, as well as the other pathways associated with odontogenic differentiation, were correlated to the differentially expressed circRNAs. hsa_circRNA_104101 was proved to promote the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Conclusion This study reported 187 circRNAs that were differentially expressed in hDPSCs during odontogenic differentiation. Bioinformatic analysis of the expression data suggested that circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks might act as a crucial mechanism for hDPSC odontogenic differentiation, providing a theoretical foundation for the study of pulp regeneration regulation by circRNAs.
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Peng Z, Fang S, Jiang M, Zhao X, Zhou C, Gong Z. Circular RNAs: Regulatory functions in respiratory tract cancers. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:264-271. [PMID: 32710944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded RNAs having a covalently closed loop structure generated from back-splicing of pre-mRNA. These novel RNAs are characterized by high stability, abundance and conservation. Accumulating evidence has revealed that circRNAs are intimately associated with the pathogenesis, development and progression of multiple human diseases, including respiratory tract cancers. CircRNAs may serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to influence cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. CircRNAs may act as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, interact with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), regulate gene transcription and/or translate into mini-peptides or proteins. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the pathologic roles of circRNAs in respiratory tract cancers, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and especially lung adenocarcinoma. We further discuss the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic roles as potential biomarkers in respiratory tract cancers, providing insight into the possibilities of applying circRNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Peng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meina Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China.
| | - Zhaohui Gong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China.
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