1
|
Al-Hawary SIS, Jasim SA, Altalbawy FMA, Hjazi A, Jyothi SR, Kumar A, Eldesoqui M, Rasulova MT, Sinha A, Zwamel AH. Highlighting the role of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis and response to therapy. Med Oncol 2024; 41:171. [PMID: 38849654 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins are known as long non-coding RNAs, or lncRNAs. Now, they are becoming more significant as important regulators of gene expression, and as a result, of many biological processes in both healthy and pathological circumstances, such as blood malignancies. Through controlling alternative splicing, transcription, and translation at the post-transcriptional level, lncRNAs have an impact on the expression of genes. In multiple myeloma (MM), the majority of lncRNAs is elevated and promotes the proliferation, adhesion, drug resistance and invasion of MM cells by blocking apoptosis and altering the tumor microenvironment (TME). To control mRNA splicing, stability, and translation, they either directly attach to the target mRNA or transfer RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). By expressing certain miRNA-binding sites that function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), most lncRNAs mimic the actions of miRNAs. Here, we highlight lncRNAs role in the MM pathogenesis with emphasize on their capacity to control the molecular mechanisms known as "hallmarks of cancer," which permit earlier tumor initiation and progression and malignant cell transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Farag M A Altalbawy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Renuka Jyothi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303012, India
| | - Mamdouh Eldesoqui
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, 13713, Diriyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - M T Rasulova
- Department of Physiology, Dean of the Faculty of Therapeutics, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana, Uzbekistan
- Western Caspian University, Scientific Researcher, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Aashna Sinha
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Divison of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University Dehradun, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Hussein Zwamel
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dai M, Liu M, Yang H, Küçük C, You H. New insights into epigenetic regulation of resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:101. [PMID: 36384676 PMCID: PMC9667634 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1) is a type of immune-inhibitory checkpoint protein, which delivers inhibitory signals to cytotoxic T cells by binding to the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) displayed on the surface of cancer cells. Antibodies blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction have been extensively used in treatment of human malignancies and have achieved promising outcomes in recent years. However, gradual development of resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has decreased the effectiveness of this immunotherapy in cancer patients. The underlying epigenetic mechanisms need to be elucidated for application of novel strategies overcoming this immunotherapy resistance. Epigenetic aberrations contribute to cancerogenesis by promoting different hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, these alterations may lead to therapy resistance, thereby leading to poor prognosis. Recently, the epigenetic regulatory drugs have been shown to decrease the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in certain cancer patients. Inhibitors of the non-coding RNAs, DNA methyltransferases, and histone deacetylases combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have shown considerable therapeutic efficacy against carcinomas as well as blood cancers. Importantly, DNA methylation-mediated epigenetic silencing can inhibit antigen processing and presentation, which promotes cancerogenesis and aggravates resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy. These observations altogether suggest that the combination of the epigenetic regulatory drugs with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may present potential solution to the resistance caused by monotherapy of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu J, Chu E, Paul B, Kang Y. Mechanistic Studies and a Retrospective Cohort Study: The Interaction between PPAR Agonists and Immunomodulatory Agents in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215272. [PMID: 36358696 PMCID: PMC9657746 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists downregulated cereblon (CRBN) expression and reduced the anti-myeloma activity of lenalidomide in vitro and in vivo. We aimed to determine whether DNA methylation and protein degradation contribute to the effects of PPAR agonists. CRBN promoter methylation status was detected using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. The CRBN protein degradation rate was measured using a cycloheximide chase assay. Metabolomic analysis was performed in multiple myeloma (MM) cells treated with PPAR agonists and/or lenalidomide. Our retrospective study determined the effect of co-administration of PPAR agonists with immunomodulatory drugs on the outcomes of patients with MM. CpG islands of the CRBN promoter region became highly methylated upon treatment with PPAR agonists, whereas treatment with PPAR antagonists resulted in unmethylation. The CRBN protein was rapidly degraded after treatment with PPAR agonists. Lenalidomide and fenofibrate showed opposite effects on acylcarnitines and amino acids. Co-administration of immunomodulatory drugs and PPAR agonists was associated with inferior treatment responses and poor survival. Our study provides the first evidence that PPAR agonists reduce CRBN expression through various mechanisms including inducing methylation of CRBN promoter CpG island, enhancing CRBN protein degradation, and affecting metabolomics of MM cells.
Collapse
|
4
|
Targeting HIC1/TGF-β axis-shaped prostate cancer microenvironment restrains its progression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:624. [PMID: 35853880 PMCID: PMC9296670 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignant tumor that seriously threatens men's health worldwide. Recently, stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been reported to contribute to the progression of PCa. However, the role and mechanism of how PCa cells interact with stromal cells to reshape the TME remain largely unknown. Here, using a spontaneous prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) model driven by the loss of Pten and Hic1, we found that M2 macrophages markedly infiltrated the stroma of Pten and Hic1 double conditional knockout (dCKO) mice compared with those in control (Ctrl) mice due to higher TGF-β levels secreted by HIC1-deleted PCa cells. Mechanistically, TGF-β in TME promoted the polarization of macrophages into "M2" status by activating the STAT3 pathway and modulating c-Myc to upregulate CXCR4 expression. Meanwhile, TGF-β activated the fibroblasts to form cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that secrete higher CXCL12 levels, which bound to its cognate receptor CXCR4 on M2 macrophages. Upon interaction with CAFs, M2 macrophages secreted more CXCL5, which promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PCa via CXCR2. Moreover, using the TGF-β receptor I antagonist, galunisertib, significantly inhibited the tumor growth and progression of the TRAMP-C1 cell line-derived subcutaneous tumor model. Finally, we confirmed that the stromal microenvironment was shaped by TGF-β in HIC1-deficient PCa and was associated with the progression of PCa.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao H, Chen W, Chen J, Qi C, Wang T, Zhang J, Qu D, Yu T, Zhang Y. ADSCs Promote Tenocyte Proliferation by Reducing the Methylation Level of lncRNA Morf4l1 in Tendon Injury. Front Chem 2022; 10:908312. [PMID: 35860629 PMCID: PMC9290323 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.908312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Tendons are the special connective tissue that connects bones to muscles and governs joint movement in response to loads passed by muscles. The healing of tendon injuries is still a challenge. In recent years, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have been increasingly used for tissue regeneration, but the underlying mechanism of tendon injury still remains unclear. Methods: High-throughput sequencing was used to identify a novel lncRNA, whose expression was significantly decreased in injured tendon compared with normal tendon. Furthermore, pyrosequencing, nuclear-cytoplasmic separation, FISH assay and qRT-PCR analysis were used to verify the level of lncRNA methylation in the injured tenocytes. lncRNA was confirmed to promote the proliferation of tenocytes by flow cytometry, wound healing assay, qRT-PCR, and western blot, and the target gene of lncRNA was predicted and verified. To confirm that ADSCs could repair injured tendons, ADSCs and injured tenocytes were co-cultured in vitro, and ADSCs were injected into injured tendons in vitro, respectively. Results: The lncRNA Morf4l1 promoter methylation in injured tendons led to down-regulation of its expression and inhibition of tenocyte proliferation. LncRNA Morf4l1 promoted the expression of TGF-β2 by targeting 3′U of miR-145-5p. After co-cultured ADSCs and injured tenocytes, the expression of lncRNA Morf4l1 was up-regulated, and the proliferation of injured tenocytes in vitro was promoted. The ADSCs were injected into the injured tendon to repair the injured tendon in vivo. Conclusion: This study confirmed that ADSCs promoted tendon wound healing by reducing the methylation level of lncRNA Morf4l1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shi Jiazhuang, China
| | - Jinli Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianrui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Tengbo Yu,
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shi Jiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo W, Liang P, Zhao T, Cheng Q, Liu H, He L, Zhang L, Huang B, Zhang Y, He T, Yang D. Reversely immortalized mouse salivary gland cells presented a promising metabolic and fibrotic response upon BMP9/Gdf2 stimulation. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:46. [PMID: 35690719 PMCID: PMC9188258 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The submandibular gland (SMG) and the sublingual gland (SLG) are two of the three major salivary glands in mammals. In mice, they are adjacent to each other and open into the oral cavity, producing saliva to lubricate the mouth and aid in food digestion. Though salivary gland dysfunction accompanied with fibrosis and metabolic disturbance is common in clinic, in-depth mechanistic research is lacking. Currently, research on how to rescue salivary function is challenging, as it must resort to using terminally differentiated acinar cells or precursor acinar cells with unknown differentiation. In this study, we established reversely immortalized mouse primary SMG cells (iSMGCs) and SLG cells (iSLGCs) on the first postnatal day (P0). The iSMGCs and iSLGCs grew well, exhibited many salivary gland characteristics, and retained the metabolism-related genes derived from the original tissue as demonstrated using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of these two cell lines, which overlapped with those of the SMG and SLG, were enriched in cysteine and methionine metabolism. Furthermore, we investigated the role of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), also known as growth differentiation factor 2(Gdf2), on metabolic and fibrotic functions in the SMG and SLG. We demonstrated that iSMGCs and iSLGCs presented promising adipogenic and fibrotic responses upon BMP9/Gdf2 stimulation. Thus, our findings indicate that iSMGCs and iSLGCs faithfully reproduce characteristics of SMG and SLG cells and present a promising prospect for use in future study of salivary gland metabolism and fibrosis upon BMP9/Gdf2 stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC6035, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Panpan Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Qianyu Cheng
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Huikai Liu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Liwen He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC6035, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Linghuan Zhang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 Min De Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Tongchuan He
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC6035, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Deqin Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China. .,Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chattopadhyaya S, Ghosal S. DNA methylation: a saga of genome maintenance in hematological perspective. Hum Cell 2022; 35:448-461. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
8
|
Schütt J, Nägler T, Schenk T, Brioli A. Investigating the Interplay between Myeloma Cells and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in the Development of Drug Resistance: Dissecting the Role of Epigenetic Modifications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164069. [PMID: 34439223 PMCID: PMC8392438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite advances made in the last two decades, multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable disease. The genetic complexity of MM and the presence of intra-clonal heterogeneity are major contributors to disease relapse and the development of treatment resistance. Additionally, the bone marrow microenvironment is known to play a pivotal role in MM disease progression. Together with genetic modifications, epigenetic changes have been shown to influence MM development and progression. However, epigenetic treatments for MM are still lacking. This is mainly due to the high rate of adverse events of epigenetic drugs in clinical practice. In this review, we will focus on the role of epigenetic modifications in MM disease progression and the development of drug resistance, as well as their role in shaping the interplay between bone marrow stromal cells and MM cells. The current and future treatment strategies involving epigenetic drugs will also be addressed. Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells infiltrating the bone marrow (BM). Many studies have demonstrated the crucial involvement of bone marrow stromal cells in MM progression and drug resistance. Together with the BM microenvironment (BMME), epigenetics also plays a crucial role in MM development. A variety of epigenetic regulators, including histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and lysine demethylases (KDMs), are altered in MM, contributing to the disease progression and prognosis. In addition to histone modifications, DNA methylation also plays a crucial role. Among others, aberrant epigenetics involves processes associated with the BMME, like bone homeostasis, ECM remodeling or the development of treatment resistance. In this review, we will highlight the importance of the interplay of MM cells with the BMME in the development of treatment resistance. Additionally, we will focus on the epigenetic aberrations in MM and their role in disease evolution, interaction with the BMME, disease progression and development of drug resistance. We will also briefly touch on the epigenetic treatments currently available or currently under investigation to overcome BMME-driven treatment resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Schütt
- Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine Jena (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Hematology and Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Palliative Care, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Theresa Nägler
- Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Tino Schenk
- Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine Jena (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Hematology and Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Palliative Care, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annamaria Brioli
- Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Hematology and Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Palliative Care, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang T, Liu X, Kumar SK, Jin F, Dai Y. Decoding DNA methylation in epigenetics of multiple myeloma. Blood Rev 2021; 51:100872. [PMID: 34384602 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of DNA methylation in B cells has been observed during their neoplastic transformation and therefore closely associated with various B-cell malignancies including multiple myeloma (MM), a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells. Emerging evidence has unveiled pronounced alterations in DNA methylation in MM, including both global and gene-specific changes that can affect genome stability and gene transcription. Moreover, dysregulated expression of DNA methylation-modifying enzymes has been related with myelomagenesis, disease progression, and poor prognosis. However, the functional roles of the epigenetic abnormalities involving DNA methylation in MM remain elusive. In this article, we review current understanding of the alterations in DNA methylome and DNA methylation modifiers in MM, particularly focusing on DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and tet methylcytosine dioxygenases (TETs). We also discuss how these DNA methylation modifiers may be regulated and function in MM cells, therefore providing a rationale for developing novel epigenetic therapies targeting DNA methylation in MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 519 Dongminzhu Street, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China.
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 519 Dongminzhu Street, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China.
| | - Shaji K Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Fengyan Jin
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China.
| | - Yun Dai
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 519 Dongminzhu Street, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Novel prognostic prediction model constructed through machine learning on the basis of methylation-driven genes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225719. [PMID: 32633782 PMCID: PMC7374278 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a common tumor with poor prognosis and is closely related to many aberrant gene expressions. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification mechanism and a novel research target. Thus, exploring the relationship between methylation-driven genes and KIRC prognosis is important. The methylation profile, methylation-driven genes, and methylation characteristics in KIRC was revealed through the integration of KIRC methylation, RNA-seq, and clinical information data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The Lasso regression was used to establish a prognosis model on the basis of methylation-driven genes. Then, a trans-omics prognostic nomogram was constructed and evaluated by combining clinical information and methylated prognosis model. A total of 242 methylation-driven genes were identified. The Gene Ontology terms of these methylation-driven genes mainly clustered in the activation, adhesion, and proliferation of immune cells. The methylation prognosis prediction model that was established using the Lasso regression included four genes in the methylation data, namely, FOXI2, USP44, EVI2A, and TRIP13. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 0.810, 0.824, and 0.799, respectively, in the training group and 0.794, 0.752, and 0.731, respectively, in the testing group. An easy trans-omics nomogram was successfully established. The C-indices of the nomogram in the training and the testing groups were 0.8015 and 0.8389, respectively. The present study revealed the overall perspective of methylation-driven genes in KIRC and can help in the evaluation of the prognosis of KIRC patients and provide new clues for further study.
Collapse
|
11
|
Epigenetic Aberrations in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102996. [PMID: 33076518 PMCID: PMC7602661 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer characterized by an uncontrolled growth of cells named plasma cells, within the bone marrow. Patients with MM may present with anemia, bone lesions and kidney impairment. Several studies have been performed in order to provide an explanation to how this tumor may develop. Among them, the so called “epigenetic modifications” certainly represent important players that have been shown to support MM development and disease progression. The present article aims to summarize the current knowledge in the specific are of “epigenetics” in MM. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by proliferation of clonal plasma cells within the bone marrow. Several advances in defining key processes responsible for MM pathogenesis and disease progression have been made; and dysregulation of epigenetics, including DNA methylation and histone modification, has emerged as a crucial regulator of MM pathogenesis. In the present review article, we will focus on the role of epigenetic modifications within the specific context of MM.
Collapse
|
12
|
Soliman AM, Lin TS, Mahakkanukrauh P, Das S. Role of microRNAs in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7539. [PMID: 33066062 PMCID: PMC7589124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancerous bone disease characterized by malignant transformation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM is considered to be the second most common blood malignancy, with 20,000 new cases reported every year in the USA. Extensive research is currently enduring to validate diagnostic and therapeutic means to manage MM. microRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to be dysregulated in MM cases and to have a potential role in either progression or suppression of MM. Therefore, researchers investigated miRNAs levels in MM plasma cells and created tools to test their impact on tumor growth. In the present review, we discuss the most recently discovered miRNAs and their regulation in MM. Furthermore, we emphasized utilizing miRNAs as potential targets in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of MM, which can be useful for future clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amro M. Soliman
- Department of Biological Sciences—Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Teoh Seong Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy & Excellence in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Friend NL, Hewett DR, Panagopoulos V, Noll JE, Vandyke K, Mrozik KM, Fitter S, Zannettino AC. Characterization of the role of Samsn1 loss in multiple myeloma development. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:554-572. [PMID: 32923989 PMCID: PMC7475304 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein SAMSN1 was recently identified as a putative tumor suppressor in multiple myeloma, with re-expression of Samsn1 in the 5TGM1/KaLwRij murine model of myeloma leading to a near complete abrogation of intramedullary tumor growth. Here, we sought to clarify the mechanism underlying this finding. Intratibial administration of 5TGM1 myeloma cells into KaLwRij mice revealed that Samsn1 had no effect on primary tumor growth, but that its expression significantly inhibited the metastasis of these primary tumors. Notably, neither in vitro nor in vivo migration was affected by Samsn1 expression. Both knocking-out SAMSN1 in the RPMI-8226 and JJN3 human myeloma cell lines, and retrovirally expressing SAMSN1 in the LP-1 and OPM2 human myeloma cell lines had no effect on either cell proliferation or migration in vitro. Altering SAMSN1 expression in these human myeloma cells did not affect the capacity of the cells to establish either primary or metastatic intramedullary tumors when administered intratibially into immune deficient NSG mice. Unexpectedly, the tumor suppressive and anti-metastatic activity of Samsn1 in 5TGM1 cells were not evidenced following cell administration either intratibially or intravenously to NSG mice. Crucially, the growth of Samsn1-expressing 5TGM1 cells was limited in C57BL/6/Samsn1-/- mice but not in C57BL/6 Samsn1+/+ mice. We conclude that the reported potent in vivo tumor suppressor activity of Samsn1 can be attributed, in large part, to graft-rejection from Samsn1-/- recipient mice. This has broad implications for the design and interpretation of experiments that utilize cancer cells and knockout mice that are mismatched for expression of specific proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L. Friend
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Duncan R. Hewett
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Vasilios Panagopoulos
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Jacqueline E. Noll
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Krzysztof M. Mrozik
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Stephen Fitter
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andrew C.W. Zannettino
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
- Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkAdelaideAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Z, Kumar S, Jin DY, Calin GA, Chng WJ, Siu KL, Poon MW, Chim CS. Epigenetic silencing of long non-coding RNA BM742401 in multiple myeloma: impact on prognosis and myeloma dissemination. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:403. [PMID: 32855620 PMCID: PMC7446116 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) BM742401 is a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. As the promoter and coding region of BM742401 are fully embedded in a CpG island, we hypothesized that BM742401 is a tumor suppressor lncRNA epigenetically silenced by promoter DNA methylation in multiple myeloma. Methods Methylation-specific PCR and quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing were performed to detect the methylation of BM742401 in normal plasma cells, myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma samples. The expression of BM742401 was measured by qRT-PCR. The function of BM742401 in multiple myeloma cells was analyzed by lentivirus transduction followed by migration assay. Results BM742401 methylation was detected in 10 (66.7%) myeloma cell lines but not normal plasma cells, and inversely correlated with expression of BM742401. In primary samples, BM742401 methylation was detected in 3 (12.5%) monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, 9 (15.8%) myeloma at diagnosis and 8 (17.0%) myeloma at relapse/progression. Moreover, BM742401 methylation at diagnosis was associated with inferior overall survival (median OS: 25 vs. 39 months; P = 0.0496). In myeloma cell line JJN-3, stable overexpression of BM742401 by lentivirus transduction resulted in reduced cell migration (P = 0.0001) but not impacting cell death or proliferation. Conclusions This is the first report of tumor-specific methylation-mediated silencing of BM742401 in myeloma, which is likely an early event in myelomagenesis with adverse impact on overall survival. Moreover, BM742401 is a tumor suppressor lncRNA by inhibiting myeloma cell migration, hence implicated in myeloma plasma cell homing, metastasis and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kam-Leung Siu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Wai Poon
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Weidle UH, Nopora A. Identification of MicroRNAs With In Vivo Efficacy in Multiple Myeloma-related Xenograft Models. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:321-334. [PMID: 32576578 PMCID: PMC7367608 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Multiple myeloma is a B-cell neoplasm, which can spread within the marrow of the bones forming many small tumors. In advanced disease, multiple myeloma can spread to the blood as plasma cell leukemia. In some cases, a localized tumor known as plasmacytoma is found within a single bone. Despite the approval of several agents such as melphalan, corticosteroids, proteasome inhibitors, thalidomide-based immuno-modulatory agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors, a nuclear export inhibitor and monoclonal antibodies daratuzumab and elatuzumab, the disease presently remains uncurable. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to define new targets and treatment modalities we searched the literature for microRNAs, which increase or inhibit in vivo efficacy in multiple-myeloma-related xenograft models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We identified six up-regulated and twelve down-regulated miRs, which deserve further preclinical validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Adam Nopora
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang X, Zhao Q, Li D, Ren B, Yue L, Shi F, Wang X, Zheng C, Chen X, Zhang C, Zhang W. Association between gene promoter methylation of the one-carbon metabolism pathway and serum folate among patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:1677-1684. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
17
|
Yu W, Shi Q, Wu C, Shen X, Chen L, Xu J. Promoter hypermethylation influences the suppressive role of long non-coding RNA MEG3 in the development of multiple myeloma. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:637-645. [PMID: 32537021 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation is a fundamental regulator of gene transcription. Long non-coding RNA maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) inhibits cell proliferation in various types of cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of MEG3 methylation in the regulation of multiple myeloma (MM) are unknown. In the present study, MEG3 upregulation was negatively associated with the International Staging System (ISS) status of the bone marrow samples of 39 patients with MM. MEG3 overexpression in an MM cell line resulted in elevated p53 expression. Furthermore, the results of methylation-specific PCR revealed that the abnormal methylation status of the MEG3 promoter region was present in eight of the 39 bone marrow samples collected. Treatment of the MM cell line with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) resulted in tumor cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, 5-Aza-CdR decreased aberrant hypermethylation of the MEG3 promoter and increased the expression of MEG3. However, 5-Aza-CdR exerted no effect on p53 expression. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report that the demethylation reagent 5-Aza-CdR may serve as a therapeutic agent in MM by upregulating MEG3 expression. However, the mechanism of action was independent of p53 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Shi
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Xuxing Shen
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaren Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
DNA methylation of noncoding RNAs: new insights into osteogenesis and common bone diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:109. [PMID: 32143708 PMCID: PMC7060611 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and bone tumor present a severe public health problem. Osteogenic differentiation is a complex process associated with the differentiation of different cells, which could regulate transcription factors, cytokines, many signaling pathways, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and epigenetic modulation. DNA methylation is a kind of stable epigenetic alterations in CpG islands without DNA sequence changes and is involved in cancer and other diseases, including bone development and homeostasis. ncRNAs can perform their crucial biological functions at the RNA level, and many findings have demonstrated essential functions of ncRNAs in osteogenic differentiation. In this review, we highlight current researches in DNA methylation of two relevant ncRNAs, including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, in the initiation and progression of osteogenesis and bone diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Z, Wong KY, Calin GA, Chng WJ, Chan GCF, Chim CS. Epigenetic silencing of miR-340-5p in multiple myeloma: mechanisms and prognostic impact. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:71. [PMID: 31064412 PMCID: PMC6505104 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background miR-340-5p, localized to 5q35, is a tumor suppressor miRNA implicated in multiple cancers. As a CpG island is present at the putative promoter region of its host gene, RNF130, we hypothesized that the intronic miR-340-5p is a tumor suppressor miRNA epigenetically silenced by promoter DNA methylation of its host gene in multiple myeloma. Results By pyrosequencing-confirmed methylation-specific PCR, RNF130/miR-340 was methylated in 8/15 (53.3%) myeloma cell lines but not normal plasma cells. Methylation correlated inversely with the expression of both miR-340-5p and RNF130. In completely methylated WL-2 and RPMI-8226R cells, 5-AzadC treatment led to demethylation and re-expression of miR-340-5p. In primary samples, RNF130/miR-340 methylation was detected in 4 (22.2%) monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, 15 (23.8%) diagnostic myeloma, and 7 (23.3%) relapsed myeloma. RNF130/miR-340 methylation at diagnosis was associated with inferior overall survival (median 27 vs. 68 months; P = 3.944E−5). In WL-2 cells, overexpression of miR-340-5p resulted in reduced cellular proliferation [MTS, P = 0.002; verified in KMS-12-PE (P = 0.002) and RPMI-8226R (P = 2.623E−05) cells], increased cell death (trypan blue, P = 0.005), and enhanced apoptosis by annexin V-PI staining. Moreover, by qRT-PCR, overexpression of miR-340-5p led to repression of both known targets (CCND1 and NRAS) and bioinformatically predicted targets in MAPK signaling (MEKK1, MEKK2, and MEKKK3) and apoptosis (MDM4 and XIAP), hence downregulation of phospho-ERK1/2 and XIAP by Western blot. Furthermore, by qRT-PCR, in CD138-sorted primary samples (n = 37), miR-340-5p and XIAP were inversely correlated (P = 0.002). By luciferase assay, XIAP was confirmed as a direct target of miR-340-5p via targeting of the distal but not proximal seed region binding site. Conclusions Collectively, tumor-specific methylation-mediated silencing of miR-340-5p is likely an early event in myelomagenesis with adverse survival impact, via targeting multiple oncogenes in MAPK signaling and apoptosis, thereby a tumor suppressive miRNA in myeloma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0669-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Li
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan Yeung Wong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li J, Hu WX, Luo SQ, Xiong DH, Sun S, Wang YP, Bu XF, Liu J, Hu J. Promoter methylation induced epigenetic silencing of DAZAP2, a downstream effector of p38/MAPK pathway, in multiple myeloma cells. Cell Signal 2019; 60:136-145. [PMID: 31034872 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is hematological malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow environment. Previously, we identified DAZAP2 as a candidate cancer suppressor gene, the downregulation of which is regulated by its own promoter methylation status. In the current study, we analyzed the DAZAP2 promoter in MM cell lines KM3, MM.1S, OPM-2, and ARH77 by bisulfite genomic sequencing assay. We identified the binding site for transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding (CREB) in the DAZAP2 promoter CpG2, and we found that hypermethylation of the CREB binding motif in the DAZAP2 promoter is responsible for the reduced DAZAP2 expression in MM cells. Later we checked the p38/MAPK signaling cascade, which is reported to regulate expression and function of CREB. Our results showed that the p38/MAPK signaling pathway drives the expression of DAZAP2 by phosphorylation of CREB, and hypermethylation of CREB binding motif in DAZAP2 promoter can inhibit binding of CREB to the latter, thus downregulating DAZAP2 expression. Moreover, treating the MM cells with 5-aza-2' deoxycytidine to demethylate DAZAP2 promoter restored the binding of CREB to its binding motif, and thus upregulated DAZAP2 expression. Our results not only identified DAZAP2 as a new downstream target of p38/MAPK/CREB signaling cascade, but we also clarified that the downregulation of DAZAP2 in MM cells is caused by hypermethylation of CREB binding motif in its own promoter region, which implies that demethylation of DAZAP2 promoter can be a novel therapeutic strategy for MM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Wei-Xin Hu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Sai-Qun Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - De-Hui Xiong
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Shuming Sun
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yan-Peng Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Bu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
| | - Jingping Hu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu D, Meng X, Wu D, Qiu Z, Luo H. A Natural Isoquinoline Alkaloid With Antitumor Activity: Studies of the Biological Activities of Berberine. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:9. [PMID: 30837865 PMCID: PMC6382680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coptis, a traditional medicinal plant, has been used widely in the field of traditional Chinese medicine for many years. More recently, the chemical composition and bioactivity of Coptis have been studied worldwide. Berberine is a main component of Rhizoma Coptidis. Modern medicine has confirmed that berberine has pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, and blood pressure-lowering effects. Importantly, the active ingredient of berberine has clear inhibitory effects on various cancers, including colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, and cervical cancer. Cancer, ranked as one of the world’s five major incurable diseases by WHO, is a serious threat to the quality of human life. Here, we try to outline how berberine exerts antitumor effects through the regulation of different molecular pathways. In addition, the berberine-mediated regulation of epigenetic mechanisms that may be associated with the prevention of malignant tumors is described. Thus, this review provides a theoretical basis for the biological functions of berberine and its further use in the clinical treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Donglu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
De Smedt E, Lui H, Maes K, De Veirman K, Menu E, Vanderkerken K, De Bruyne E. The Epigenome in Multiple Myeloma: Impact on Tumor Cell Plasticity and Drug Response. Front Oncol 2018; 8:566. [PMID: 30619733 PMCID: PMC6297718 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell malignancy that develops primarily in the bone marrow (BM), where reciprocal interactions with the BM niche foster MM cell survival, growth, and drug resistance. MM cells furthermore reshape the BM to their own needs by affecting the different BM stromal cell types resulting in angiogenesis, bone destruction, and immune suppression. Despite recent advances in treatment modalities, MM remains most often incurable due to the development of drug resistance to all standard of care agents. This underscores the unmet need for these heavily treated relapsed/refractory patients. Disruptions in epigenetic regulation are a well-known hallmark of cancer cells, contributing to both cancer onset and progression. In MM, sequencing and gene expression profiling studies have also identified numerous epigenetic defects, including locus-specific DNA hypermethylation of cancer-related and B cell specific genes, genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and genetic defects, copy number variations and/or abnormal expression patterns of various chromatin modifying enzymes. Importantly, these so-called epimutations contribute to genomic instability, disease progression, and a worse outcome. Moreover, the frequency of mutations observed in genes encoding for histone methyltransferases and DNA methylation modifiers increases following treatment, indicating a role in the emergence of drug resistance. In support of this, accumulating evidence also suggest a role for the epigenetic machinery in MM cell plasticity, driving the differentiation of the malignant cells to a less mature and drug resistant state. This review discusses the current state of knowledge on the role of epigenetics in MM, with a focus on deregulated histone methylation modifiers and the impact on MM cell plasticity and drug resistance. We also provide insight into the potential of epigenetic modulating agents to enhance clinical drug responses and avoid disease relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva De Smedt
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hui Lui
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wong KY, Yao Q, Yuan LQ, Li Z, Ma ESK, Chim CS. Frequent functional activation of RAS signalling not explained by RAS/RAF mutations in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13522. [PMID: 30201956 PMCID: PMC6131153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS mutations are frequent in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) but functional study in primary samples is scanty. Herein, in primary myeloma plasma cells of 17 suspected RRMM, functional activation of RAS signalling was studied by Western blot of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (phospho-ERK1/2). Moreover, activating mutations in KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and ALK were studied by PCR and bidirectional direct sequencing. Furthermore, methylation of negative RAS signalling regulator genes, RASSF1A and RASD1, were analyzed by methylation-specific PCR. As evidenced by phospho-ERK1/2 over-expression, functional RAS activation was detected in 12 (75.0%) RRMM. Of patients with functional RAS activation, sequencing data showed only seven (58.3%) patients with one each had NRAS Q61H, NRAS Q61K, KRAS G12D, KRAS G12V, KRAS G13D, KRAS Q61P, or BRAF V600E mutation, whereas five (41.7%) patients had no RAS/RAF mutation. Conversely, patients without functional RAS activation had no RAS/RAF mutation. Moreover, none of the patients with functional RAS activation had ALK mutations, or methylation of RASSF1A and RASD1. Collectively, functional activation of RAS signalling was present in majority of RRMM but only about half (58.3%) accountable by RAS/RAF mutations. If verified in larger studies, clinical investigations of MEK inhibitors are warranted regardless of RAS/RAF mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Yeung Wong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Qiumei Yao
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenhai Li
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Edmond Shiu Kwan Ma
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li Z, Wong KY, Chan GCF, Chng WJ, Chim CS. Epigenetic silencing of EVL/miR-342 in multiple myeloma. Transl Res 2018; 192:46-53. [PMID: 29242101 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
miR-342-3p, localized to 14q32, is a tumor suppressor miRNA implicated in multiple cancers. As the promoter region of its host gene, EVL, is embedded in a CpG island, we postulated that miR-342-3p is an intronic miRNA co-regulated with its host gene by promoter DNA methylation in multiple myeloma (MM). By methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, verified by quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing, methylation of EVL/miR-342 was absent in all healthy controls (n = 10) and 12 of 15 (80%) human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs), but partially methylated in 3 of 15 (20%) HMCLs, including KMS-12-PE, OCI-MY5, and RPMI-8226R. In HMCLs, by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, methylation of EVL/miR-342 correlated with lower expression of both EVL (P = 0.013) and miR-342-3p (P = 0.023). Moreover, in KMS-12-PE and RPMI-8226R cells, both partially methylated for EVL/miR-342, 5-AzadC treatment led to demethylation of EVL/miR-342 and re-expression of miR-342-3p. Upon removal of 5-AzadC, continuous culture resulted in restoration of EVL/miR-342 methylation and downregulation of miR-342-3p. In primary samples, methylation of EVL/miR-342 was detected in 1 of 18 (5.6%) monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), 8 of 63 (12.7%) diagnostic MM, and 5 of 30 (16.7%) relapsed MM. EVL/miR-342 methylation was preferentially detected in IgD MM but not found to impact survival. Collectively, in MM, miR-342-3p is an intronic miRNA regulated by promoter DNA methylation of its host gene, EVL, in a tumor-specific manner. Methylation of EVL/miR-342 was present in consecutive stages of myelomagenesis including MGUS, diagnostic MM, and relapsed MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Li
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan Yeung Wong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li Q, Ding L, Jing N, Liu C, Yang Z, Chen F, Hou L, Wang J. Folate deficiency and aberrant DNA methylation and expression of FHIT gene were associated with cervical pathogenesis. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1963-1972. [PMID: 29434897 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is a recognized feature in various types of human cancer, and folate has a vital role in the epigenetics of mammalian cells by supplying methyl groups for DNA methylation reactions. Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently silenced in cervical cancer (CC) and preneoplastic lesions. Promoter hypermethylation was previously observed in CC, and its epigenetic silencing has been observed at mRNA or protein levels. Changes in folate intake to modulate DNA methylation may be a mechanistic link to cancer, but this remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influences of folate on FHIT gene methylation and expression in the progression of cervical cancerization. In the present study, red blood cell (RBC) folate levels, FHIT gene methylation status, and mRNA and protein expression levels were detected in 254 women, including normal cervix (NC, n=80), cervical intraepithelial neoplasm grade 1 (CIN1, n=55; CIN2/3, n=55) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n=64) samples. The methylation status of FHIT gene and its mRNA and protein expression levels were measured in CaSki (HPV16 positive) and C33A (HPV16 negative) CC cells treated with different concentrations of folate. The results indicated that FHIT gene methylation rate increased with the severity of cervix lesions, however, RBC folate levels, FHIT mRNA and protein expression levels were reduced. The proliferation inhibition rate, apoptosis rate, and FHIT protein and mRNA expression levels increased along with rising concentrations of folate, whereas the degree of FHIT gene methylation gradually weakened in CaSki or C33A cell lines. The present findings indicated that folate deficiency, FHIT gene promoter hypermethylation and reduced expression were significantly associated with cervical carcinogenesis. The results indicated that folate was able to enhance apoptosis and inhibit the cervical cell proliferation while regulating FHIT gene methylation and expression. Adequate intake of folate to maintain normal DNA methylation status is an effective way for cervical lesions prevention, and demethylation treatment may offer a new strategy for therapy of CC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Nan Jing
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Chunliang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Zuokai Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jintao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shelton J, Lu X, Hollenbaugh JA, Cho JH, Amblard F, Schinazi RF. Metabolism, Biochemical Actions, and Chemical Synthesis of Anticancer Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Base Analogs. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14379-14455. [PMID: 27960273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside, nucleotide, and base analogs have been in the clinic for decades to treat both viral pathogens and neoplasms. More than 20% of patients on anticancer chemotherapy have been treated with one or more of these analogs. This review focuses on the chemical synthesis and biology of anticancer nucleoside, nucleotide, and base analogs that are FDA-approved and in clinical development since 2000. We highlight the cellular biology and clinical biology of analogs, drug resistance mechanisms, and compound specificity towards different cancer types. Furthermore, we explore analog syntheses as well as improved and scale-up syntheses. We conclude with a discussion on what might lie ahead for medicinal chemists, biologists, and physicians as they try to improve analog efficacy through prodrug strategies and drug combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jadd Shelton
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xiao Lu
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joseph A Hollenbaugh
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jong Hyun Cho
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Franck Amblard
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Guo ML, Periyasamy P, Liao K, Kook YH, Niu F, Callen SE, Buch S. Cocaine-mediated downregulation of microglial miR-124 expression involves promoter DNA methylation. Epigenetics 2016; 11:819-830. [PMID: 27786595 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1232233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the development of reward-related behavior in cocaine self-administration rodents. Cocaine, one of most commonly abused drugs, has been shown to activate microglia both in vitro and in vivo. Detailed molecular mechanisms underlying cocaine-mediated microglial activation remain poorly understood. microRNAs (miRs) belonging to a class of small noncoding RNA superfamily have been shown to modulate the activation status of microglia. miR-124, one of the microglia-enriched miRs, functions as an anti-inflammatory regulator that maintains microglia in a quiescent state. To date, the possible effects of cocaine on microglial miR-124 levels and the associated underlying mechanisms have not been explored. In the current study, we demonstrated that cocaine exposure decreased miR-124 levels in both BV-2 cells and rat primary microglia. These findings were further validated in vivo, wherein we demonstrated decreased abundance of miR-124 in purified microglia isolated from cocaine-administered mice brains compared with cells from saline administered animals. Molecular mechanisms underlying these effects involved cocaine-mediated increased mRNA and protein expression of DNMTs in microglia. Consistently, cocaine substantially increased promoter DNA methylation levels of miR-124 precursors (pri-miR-124-1 and -2), but not that of pri-miR-124-3, both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our findings demonstrated that cocaine exposure increased DNA methylation of miR-124 promoter resulting into its downregulation, which, in turn, led to microglial activation. Our results thus implicate that epigenetic modulation of miR-124 could be considered as a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate microglial activation and, possibly, the development of cocaine addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lei Guo
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Palsamy Periyasamy
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Ke Liao
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Yeon Hee Kook
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Fang Niu
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Shannon E Callen
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| |
Collapse
|