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Sousa MP, Bettencourt P, Brás-Silva C, Pereira C. Biosensors for natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular diseases. A review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102180. [PMID: 37907188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Over the years, it has been crucial to find accurate biomarkers capable of doing a precise monitor of HF and provide an early diagnosis. Of these, it has been established an important role of natriuretic peptides in HF assessment. Moreover, the development of biosensors has been garnering interest as new diagnostic medical tools. In this review we first provide a general overview of HF, its pathogenesis, and diagnostic features. We then discuss the role of natriuretic peptides in heart failure by characterizing them and point out their potential as biomarkers. Finally, we adress the evolution of biosensors development and the available natriuretic peptides biosensors for disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Paulo Bettencourt
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudia Pereira
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto 4249-004, Portugal; HE-FP-Hospital Fernando Pessoa, CECLIN, Center of Clinical Studies, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal; FCS-Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.
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Ben Halima H, Bellagambi FG, Hangouët M, Alcacer A, Pfeiffer N, Heuberger A, Zine N, Bausells J, Elaissari A, Errachid A. A novel electrochemical strategy for NT-proBNP detection using IMFET for monitoring heart failure by saliva analysis. Talanta 2022; 251:123759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Crapnell RD, Dempsey NC, Sigley E, Tridente A, Banks CE. Electroanalytical point-of-care detection of gold standard and emerging cardiac biomarkers for stratification and monitoring in intensive care medicine - a review. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:142. [PMID: 35279780 PMCID: PMC8917829 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Determination of specific cardiac biomarkers (CBs) during the diagnosis and management of adverse cardiovascular events such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has become commonplace in emergency department (ED), cardiology and many other ward settings. Cardiac troponins (cTnT and cTnI) and natriuretic peptides (BNP and NT-pro-BNP) are the preferred biomarkers in clinical practice for the diagnostic workup of AMI, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and other types of myocardial ischaemia and heart failure (HF), while the roles and possible clinical applications of several other potential biomarkers continue to be evaluated and are the subject of several comprehensive reviews. The requirement for rapid, repeated testing of a small number of CBs in ED and cardiology patients has led to the development of point-of-care (PoC) technology to circumvent the need for remote and lengthy testing procedures in the hospital pathology laboratories. Electroanalytical sensing platforms have the potential to meet these requirements. This review aims firstly to reflect on the potential benefits of rapid CB testing in critically ill patients, a very distinct cohort of patients with deranged baseline levels of CBs. We summarise their source and clinical relevance and are the first to report the required analytical ranges for such technology to be of value in this patient cohort. Secondly, we review the current electrochemical approaches, including its sub-variants such as photoelectrochemical and electrochemiluminescence, for the determination of important CBs highlighting the various strategies used, namely the use of micro- and nanomaterials, to maximise the sensitivities and selectivities of such approaches. Finally, we consider the challenges that must be overcome to allow for the commercialisation of this technology and transition into intensive care medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Crapnell
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Nina C Dempsey
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Evelyn Sigley
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Ascanio Tridente
- Intensive Care Unit, Whiston Hospital, St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Warrington Road, Prescot, L35 5DR, UK
| | - Craig E Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
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Gachpazan M, Mohammadinejad A, Saeidinia A, Rahimi HR, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Vakilian F, Rezayi M. A review of biosensors for the detection of B-type natriuretic peptide as an important cardiovascular biomarker. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5949-5967. [PMID: 34396470 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease, as the most serious threat to human health globally, is responsible for rising mortality rates, largely due to lifestyle and diet. Unfortunately, the main problem for patients at high risk of heart disease is the validation of prognostic tests. To this end, the detection of cardiovascular biomarkers has been employed to obtain pathological and physiological information in order to improve prognosis and early-stage diagnosis of chronic heart failure. Short-term changes in B-type natriuretic peptide are known as a standard and important biomarker for diagnosis of heart failure. The most important problem for detection is low concentration and short half-life in the blood. The normal concentration of BNP in blood is less than 7 nM (25 pg/mL), which increases significantly to more than 80 pg/mL. Therefore, the development of new biosensors with better sensitivity, detection limit, and dynamic range than current commercial kits is urgently needed. This review classifies the biosensors designed for detection of BNP into electrochemical, optical, microfluidic, and lateral-flow immunoassay techniques. The review clearly demonstrates that a variety of immunoassay, aptasensor, enzymatic and catalytic nanomaterials, and fluorophores have been successfully employed for detection of BNP at low attomolar ranges. Dtection of B-type natriuretic peptide with biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Gachpazan
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
| | - Arash Mohammadinejad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
| | - Amin Saeidinia
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9196773117, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Alavi Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177899191, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
| | - Farveh Vakilian
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9176699199, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran. .,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran. .,Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran.
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Expression of miR-93-5p as a Potential Predictor of the Severity of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6634417. [PMID: 33959659 PMCID: PMC8075669 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6634417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). However, the potential correlation between miRNA expression and the severity of CTEPH remains unclear. Our previous study indicated that miRNAs hsa-let-7b-3p, hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-106b-5p, hsa-miR-3202, hsa-miR-665, and hsa-miR-93-5p are closely involved in CTEPH. This study assessed the associations between the expression levels of these miRNAs and clinical parameters in CTEPH patients. Methods A total of eight CTEPH patients and eight healthy adults as a reference group were included, and clinical data including total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), uric acid (UA), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were collected. Right heart catheterization was conducted to obtain hemodynamic data including cardiac index (CI). The expression levels of let-7b-3p, miR-17-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-3202, miR-665, and miR-93-5p were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Correlation analysis was applied to estimate the associations between miRNA expression levels and clinical parameters in CTEPH patients. Results Serum TP and Alb levels were decreased, while LDH, HBDH, and UA levels were increased in CTEPH patients compared with the reference group (P < 0.05). miR-3202 and miR-665 were upregulated, whereas let-7b-3p, miR-17-5p, miR-106b-5p, and miR-93-5p were downregulated in CTEPH patients relative to the reference group (P < 0.05). miR-93-5p expression was positively correlated with NT-proBNP level and negatively correlated with CI (P < 0.05). Moreover, let-7b-3p tended to be positively correlated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Conclusions miR-93-5p expression was associated with the severity of CTEPH and could act as a potential predictor of high-risk CTEPH.
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A ten-minute, single step, label-free, sample-to-answer assay for qualitative detection of cytokines in serum at femtomolar levels. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:73. [PMID: 33037941 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Label-free electronic affinity based immuno-sensing is an attractive candidate as a platform technology for analyzing biomarkers due to the ease of miniaturization and minimal use of reagents. Electronic based sensing approaches, however, have lagged behind their optical counterparts in terms of detection limit, selectivity, and reliability. Also, the matrix dependent nature of electronic sensing modalities makes difficult the analysis of biomarkers in high salt concentration samples such as serum due to charge screening. We present a novel sensing platform, the micro-well sensor, that works by functionalizing nanoscale volume wells with antibodies and monitoring the impedance change inside the wells due binding of target protein. This detection modality is advantageous to many label-free electronic sensors in that signal power scales with increase in salt concentration, thus improving the sensitivity of the platform. We demonstrate rapid label-free qualitative detection of cytokines within ten minutes at femtoMolar concentrations and a dynamic range of 3 orders of magnitude in serum samples. We describe the design, fabrication, and characterization of the micro-well sensor in serum samples using inflammatory protein biomarkers.
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Yousefi F, Movahedpour A, Shabaninejad Z, Ghasemi Y, Rabbani S, Sobnani-Nasab A, Mohammadi S, Hajimoradi B, Rezaei S, Savardashtaki A, Mazoochi M, Mirzaei H. Electrochemical-Based Biosensors: New Diagnosis Platforms for Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2550-2575. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191024114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the major reasons for mortality throughout the world is cardiovascular diseases.
Therefore, bio-markers of cardiovascular disease are of high importance to diagnose and manage procedure.
Detecting biomarkers provided a promising procedure in developing bio-sensors. Fast, selective,
portable, accurate, inexpensive, and sensitive biomarker sensing instruments will be necessary for
detecting and predicting diseases. One of the cardiac biomarkers may be ordered as C-reactive proteins,
lipoprotein-linked phospho-lipase, troponin I or T, myoglobin, interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis
factor alpha, LDL and myeloperoxidase. The biomarkers are applied to anticipate cardio-vascular
illnesses. Initial diagnoses of these diseases are possible by several techniques; however, they are laborious
and need costly apparatus. Current researches designed various bio-sensors for resolving the respective
issues. Electrochemical instruments and the proposed bio-sensors are preferred over other
methods due to its inexpensiveness, mobility, reliability, repeatability. The present review comprehensively
dealt with detecting biomarkers of cardiovascular disease through electro-chemical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yousefi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Nanotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sobnani-Nasab
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Soheila Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behzad Hajimoradi
- Cardiology Department of Shohaday-e-Tajrish Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rezaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Mazoochi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Wilkins MD, Turner BL, Rivera KR, Menegatti S, Daniele M. Quantum dot enabled lateral flow immunoassay for detection of cardiac biomarker NT-proBNP. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Stevenson H, Radha Shanmugam N, Paneer Selvam A, Prasad S. The Anatomy of a Nonfaradaic Electrochemical Biosensor. SLAS Technol 2017; 23:5-15. [DOI: 10.1177/2472630317738700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) testing has revolutionized diagnostic healthcare, bringing medical results directly and immediately to the patient. With faster diagnostics, more immediate clinical management decisions can be made. POC tests most often use a dipstick or swab format to detect the presence of a pathogen, disease, or other relevant biomarker. In these formats, the POC tests eliminate the need for complex lab equipment and trained personnel to collect, process, and analyze sample data for simple diagnostics. However, these tests cannot satisfy all clinical needs, because accurate quantitative results are needed. The present study serves as a template for designing a nonfaradaic electrochemical biosensor toward quantitative POC diagnostics. We focus on investigating the most important parameters when constructing a nonfaradaic biosensor through both mathematical modeling and electrochemical measurements. Furthermore, we demonstrate quantitative affinity biosensing of a model protein toward developing a POC device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Stevenson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | | | - Anjan Paneer Selvam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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A wearable biochemical sensor for monitoring alcohol consumption lifestyle through Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) detection in human sweat. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23111. [PMID: 26996103 PMCID: PMC4800395 DOI: 10.1038/srep23111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time a wearable biochemical sensor for monitoring alcohol consumption through the detection and quantification of a metabolite of ethanol, ethyl glucuronide (EtG). We designed and fabricated two co-planar sensors with gold and zinc oxide as sensing electrodes. We also designed a LED based reporting for the presence of EtG in the human sweat samples. The sensor functions on affinity based immunoassay principles whereby monoclonal antibodies for EtG were immobilized on the electrodes using thiol based chemistry. Detection of EtG from human sweat was achieved through chemiresistive sensing mechanism. In this method, an AC voltage was applied across the two coplanar electrodes and the impedance across the sensor electrodes was measured and calibrated for physiologically relevant doses of EtG in human sweat. EtG detection over a dose concentration of 0.001–100 μg/L was demonstrated on both glass and polyimide substrates. Detection sensitivity was lower at 1 μg/L with gold electrodes as compared to ZnO, which had detection sensitivity of 0.001 μg/L. Based on the detection range the wearable sensor has the ability to detect alcohol consumption of up to 11 standard drinks in the US over a period of 4 to 9 hours.
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Abstract
AIM To demonstrate the design, fabrication and testing of a portable, label-free biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of the cardiac Troponin-T (cTnT) from patient blood. MATERIALS & METHODS The biosensor is comprised of a nanoporous membrane integrated on to a microelectrode sensor platform for nanoconfinement effects. Charge perturbations due to antigen binding are recorded as impedance changes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. RESULTS The measured impedance change is used to quantitatively determine the cTnT concentration from the tested sample. We were successful in detecting and quantifying cardiac Troponin-T from a 40-patient cohort. The limit of detection was 0.01 pg/ml. CONCLUSION This novel technology has promising preliminary results for rapid and sensitive detection of cTnT.
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Flexible nanoporous tunable electrical double layer biosensors for sweat diagnostics. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14586. [PMID: 26420511 PMCID: PMC4588585 DOI: 10.1038/srep14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An ultra-sensitive and highly specific electrical double layer (EDL) modulated biosensor, using nanoporous flexible substrates for wearable diagnostics is demonstrated with the detection of the stress biomarker cortisol in synthetic and human sweat. Zinc oxide thin film was used as active region in contact with the liquid i.e. synthetic and human sweat containing the biomolecules. Cortisol detection in sweat was accomplished by measuring and quantifying impedance changes due to modulation of the double layer capacitance within the electrical double layer through the application of a low orthogonally directed alternating current (AC) electric field. The EDL formed at the liquid-semiconductor interface was amplified in the presence of the nanoporous flexible substrate allowing for measuring the changes in the alternating current impedance signal due to the antibody-hormone interactions at diagnostically relevant concentrations. High sensitivity of detection of 1 pg/mL or 2.75 pmol cortisol in synthetic sweat and 1 ng/mL in human sweat is demonstrated with these novel biosensors. Specificity in synthetic sweat was demonstrated using a cytokine IL-1β. Cortisol detection in human sweat was demonstrated over a concentration range from 10–200 ng/mL.
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Panneer Selvam A, Prasad S, Barrett TW, Kazmierczak SC. Electrical nanowell diagnostics sensors for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2527-36. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Alumina nanowell based disposable diagnostic biosensor for detecting and quantifying levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) from human serum has been designed, fabricated and tested. Materials & methods: The biosensors were designed by integrating nanoporous alumina membranes onto printed circuit board platforms, resulting in the generation of high-density nanowell arrays with gold base electrodes. The size and density of the nanowells were leveraged toward achieving sieving action for size-based exclusion of nonspecific molecules and size-based confinement of the target PSA molecules. Results & conclusion: We demonstrated PSA detection between 0.01 and 1000 ng/ml and detection and quantification of PSA from a 17 patient cohort validated using the Beckman Access system with >95% correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Panneer Selvam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Thomas W Barrett
- Department of Veterans Affairs Portland, Oregon Health Sciences University, OR, USA
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Jacobs M, Panneer Selvam A, Craven JE, Prasad S. Antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticle-based immunosensor for ultra-sensitive detection of troponin-T. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:546-54. [PMID: 24935793 DOI: 10.1177/2211068214538971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The technology presented in this study demonstrates the feasibility of integrating nanostructures onto the surface of an electrical platform to achieve enhanced detection of the cardiac biomarker, troponin-T. A polymer microcontact printing technique was modified using printed circuit boards as molds for the application of gold nanoparticles onto microelectrode-patterned glass substrates. The microelectrodes were designed to support electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements and fabricated using standard photolithography methods. Capture antibodies specific to troponin-T were functionalized onto the surface of gold nanoparticles by using a thiol-based cross-linking molecule. The antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles were stamped onto the electrodes using a matching pattern imprinted onto an elastomeric mold. As a control to validate the efficacy of the nanotextured surface on the glass substrate, an electroplated printed circuit board was also used. The incorporation of gold nanoparticles showed significant amplification of the electro-ionic signals generated through binding of the antigen to its capture antibody. Enhanced sensitivity was demonstrated through detection of the target biomarker in the femtogram per milliliter range in buffer solution and biological media. In the absence of gold nanoparticles, the sensor demonstrated detection of troponin-T at higher concentration points. This study illustrates a robust method for developing a more sensitive, label-free biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jacobs
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | | | - Jon Engel Craven
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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Ultra-sensitive electrical immunoassay biosensors using nanotextured zinc oxide thin films on printed circuit board platforms. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 55:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Nagaraj VJ, Jacobs M, Vattipalli KM, Annam VP, Prasad S. Nanochannel-based electrochemical sensor for the detection of pharmaceutical contaminants in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:135-140. [PMID: 24276544 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00406f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Effective real-time monitoring is the key to understanding and tackling the issue of pharmaceutical contamination of water. This research demonstrates the utility of an alumina nanochannel-based electrochemical sensor platform for the detection of ibuprofen in water derived from various sources. Our results indicate that the sensor is highly sensitive with a limit of detection at 0.25 pg mL(-1). The novel sensor described here has potential for application as a simple, rapid, inexpensive and highly reliable method for real-time environmental water quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay J Nagaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59th Avenue, Glendale, Arizona 85308, USA
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