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Lin H, Xing J, Wang H, Wang S, Fang R, Li X, Li Z, Song N. Roles of Lipolytic enzymes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1329715. [PMID: 38357346 PMCID: PMC10865251 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1329715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a bacterial pathogen that can endure for long periods in an infected patient, without causing disease. There are a number of virulence factors that increase its ability to invade the host. One of these factors is lipolytic enzymes, which play an important role in the pathogenic mechanism of Mtb. Bacterial lipolytic enzymes hydrolyze lipids in host cells, thereby releasing free fatty acids that are used as energy sources and building blocks for the synthesis of cell envelopes, in addition to regulating host immune responses. This review summarizes the relevant recent studies that used in vitro and in vivo models of infection, with particular emphasis on the virulence profile of lipolytic enzymes in Mtb. A better understanding of these enzymes will aid the development of new treatment strategies for TB. The recent work done that explored mycobacterial lipolytic enzymes and their involvement in virulence and pathogenicity was highlighted in this study. Lipolytic enzymes are expected to control Mtb and other intracellular pathogenic bacteria by targeting lipid metabolism. They are also potential candidates for the development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiayin Xing
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ren Fang
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhaoli Li
- SAFE Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Song
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
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Limón G, Samhadaneh NM, Pironti A, Darwin KH. Aldehyde accumulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with defective proteasomal degradation results in copper sensitivity. mBio 2023; 14:e0036323. [PMID: 37350636 PMCID: PMC10470581 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00363-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major human pathogen and the causative agent of tuberculosis disease. M. tuberculosis is able to persist in the face of host-derived antimicrobial molecules nitric oxide (NO) and copper (Cu). However, M. tuberculosis with defective proteasome activity is highly sensitive to NO and Cu, making the proteasome an attractive target for drug development. Previous work linked NO susceptibility with the accumulation of para-hydroxybenzaldehyde (pHBA) in M. tuberculosis mutants with defective proteasomal degradation. In this study, we found that pHBA accumulation was also responsible for Cu sensitivity in these strains. We showed that exogenous addition of pHBA to wild-type M. tuberculosis cultures sensitized bacteria to Cu to a degree similar to that of a proteasomal degradation mutant. We determined that pHBA reduced the production and function of critical Cu resistance proteins of the regulated in copper repressor (RicR) regulon. Furthermore, we extended these Cu-sensitizing effects to an aldehyde that M. tuberculosis may face within the macrophage. Collectively, this study is the first to mechanistically propose how aldehydes can render M. tuberculosis susceptible to an existing host defense and could support a broader role for aldehydes in controlling M. tuberculosis infections. IMPORTANCE M. tuberculosis is a leading cause of death by a single infectious agent, causing 1.5 million deaths annually. An effective vaccine for M. tuberculosis infections is currently lacking, and prior infection does not typically provide robust immunity to subsequent infections. Nonetheless, immunocompetent humans can control M. tuberculosis infections for decades. For these reasons, a clear understanding of how mammalian immunity inhibits mycobacterial growth is warranted. In this study, we show aldehydes can increase M. tuberculosis susceptibility to copper, an established antibacterial metal used by immune cells to control M. tuberculosis and other microbes. Given that activated macrophages produce increased amounts of aldehydes during infection, we propose host-derived aldehydes may help control bacterial infections, making aldehydes a previously unappreciated antimicrobial defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Limón
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nora M. Samhadaneh
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Microbial Computational Genomic Core Lab, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alejandro Pironti
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Microbial Computational Genomic Core Lab, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - K. Heran Darwin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Kim D, Crippen TL, Dhungel L, Delclos PJ, Tomberlin JK, Jordan HR. Behavioral interplay between mosquito and mycolactone produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans and bacterial gene expression induced by mosquito proximity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289768. [PMID: 37535670 PMCID: PMC10399876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycolactone is a cytotoxic lipid metabolite produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans, the environmental pathogen responsible for Buruli ulcer, a neglected tropical disease. Mycobacterium ulcerans is prevalent in West Africa, particularly found in lentic environments, where mosquitoes also occur. Researchers hypothesize mosquitoes could serve as a transmission mechanism resulting in infection by M. ulcerans when mosquitoes pierce skin contaminated with M. ulcerans. The interplay between the pathogen, mycolactone, and mosquito is only just beginning to be explored. A triple-choice assay was conducted to determine the host-seeking preference of Aedes aegypti between M. ulcerans wildtype (MU, mycolactone active) and mutant (MUlac-, mycolactone inactive). Both qualitative and quantitative differences in volatile organic compounds' (VOCs) profiles of MU and MUlac- were determined by GC-MS. Additionally, we evaluated the interplay between Ae. aegypti proximity and M. ulcerans mRNA expression. The results showed that mosquito attraction was significantly greater (126.0%) to an artificial host treated with MU than MUlac-. We found that MU and MUlac produced differential profiles of VOCs associated with a wide range of biological importance from quorum sensing (QS) to human odor components. RT-qPCR assays showed that mycolactone upregulation was 24-fold greater for MU exposed to Ae. aegypti in direct proximity. Transcriptome data indicated significant induction of ten chromosomal genes of MU involved in stress responses and membrane protein, compared to MUlac- when directly having access to or in near mosquito proximity. Our study provides evidence of possible interkingdom interactions between unicellular and multicellular species that MU present on human skin is capable of interreacting with unrelated species (i.e., mosquitoes), altering its gene expression when mosquitoes are in direct contact or proximity, potentially impacting the production of its VOCs, and consequently leading to the stronger attraction of mosquitoes toward human hosts. This study elucidates interkingdom interactions between viable M. ulcerans bacteria and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, which rarely have been explored in the past. Our finding opens new doors for future research in terms of disease ecology, prevalence, and pathogen dispersal outside of the M. ulcerans system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Kim
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tawni L Crippen
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laxmi Dhungel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Pablo J Delclos
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffery K Tomberlin
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Heather R Jordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
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Xu WW, Liao L, Dai W, Zheng CC, Tan XP, He Y, Zhang QH, Huang ZH, Chen WY, Qin YR, Chen KS, He ML, Law S, Lung ML, He QY, Li B. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening identifies a targetable MEST-PURA interaction in cancer metastasis. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104587. [PMID: 37149929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is one of the most lethal hallmarks of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), yet the mechanisms remain unclear due to a lack of reliable experimental models and systematic identification of key drivers. There is urgent need to develop useful therapies for this lethal disease. METHODS A genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening, in combination with gene profiling of highly invasive and metastatic ESCC sublines, as well as PDX models, was performed to identify key regulators of cancer metastasis. The Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were taken to examine gene function. Protein interactome, RNA-seq, and whole genome methylation sequencing were used to investigate gene regulation and molecular mechanisms. Clinical significance was analyzed in tumor tissue microarray and TCGA databases. Homology modeling, modified ELISA, surface plasmon resonance and functional assays were performed to identify lead compound which targets MEST to suppress cancer metastasis. FINDINGS High MEST expression was associated with poor patient survival and promoted cancer invasion and metastasis in ESCC. Mechanistically, MEST activates SRCIN1/RASAL1-ERK-snail signaling by interacting with PURA. miR-449a was identified as a direct regulator of MEST, and hypermethylation of its promoter led to MEST upregulation, whereas systemically delivered miR-449a mimic could suppress tumor metastasis without overt toxicity. Furthermore, molecular docking and computational screening in a small-molecule library of 1,500,000 compounds and functional assays showed that G699-0288 targets the MEST-PURA interaction and significantly inhibits cancer metastasis. INTERPRETATION We identified the MEST-PURA-SRCIN1/RASAL1-ERK-snail signaling cascade as an important mechanism underlying cancer metastasis. Blockade of MEST-PURA interaction has therapeutic potential in management of cancer metastasis. FUNDING This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2501000, 2021YFC2501900, 2017YFA0505100); National Natural Science Foundation of China (31961160727, 82073196, 81973339, 81803551); NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme (N_HKU727/19); Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2021A1515011158, 2021A0505030035); Key Laboratory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes of China (2021KSYS009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Can-Can Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Peng Tan
- Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, and Department of Clinical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Hua Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-You Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ru Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Department of Clinical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kui-Sheng Chen
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Qing-Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Garg T, Das S, Singh S, Imran M, Mukhopadhyay A, Gupta UD, Chopra S, Dasgupta A. EphH, a unique epoxide hydrolase encoded by Rv3338 is involved in the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under in vitro stress and vacuolar pH-induced changes. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1092131. [PMID: 36777032 PMCID: PMC9908614 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1092131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), one of the deadliest human pathogen, has evolved with different strategies of survival inside the host, leading to a chronic state of infection. Phagosomally residing Mtb encounters a variety of stresses, including increasing acidic pH. To better understand the host-pathogen interaction, it is imperative to identify the role of various genes involved in the survivability of Mtb during acidic pH environment. Methods Bio-informatic and enzymatic analysis were used to identify Mtb gene, Rv3338, as epoxide hydrolase. Subsequently, CRISPRi knockdown strategy was used to decipher its role for Mtb survival during acidic stress, nutrient starvation and inside macrophages. Confocal microscopy was used to analyse its role in subverting phagosomal acidification within macrophage. Results The present work describes the characterization of Rv3338 which was previously known to be associated with the aprABC locus induced while encountering acidic stress within the macrophage. Bio-informatic analysis demonstrated its similarity to epoxide hydrolase, which was confirmed by enzymatic assays, thus, renamed EphH. Subsequently, we have deciphered its indispensable role for Mtb in protection from acidic stress by using the CRISPRi knockdown strategy. Our data demonstrated the pH dependent role of EphH for the survival of Mtb during nutrient starvation and in conferring resistance against elevated endogenous ROS levels during stress environment. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an EH of Mtb as a crucial protein for bacterial fitness inside the host, a phenomenon central to its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Garg
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Swetarka Das
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Shriya Singh
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohmmad Imran
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Atri Mukhopadhyay
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Umesh D. Gupta
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,*Correspondence: Arunava Dasgupta, ✉
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Fan K, Feng Q, Li K, Lin J, Wang W, Cao Y, Gai H, Song H, Huang T, Zhu Q, Xiao M. The metabolism of pyrene by a novel Altererythrobacter sp. with in-situ co-substrates: A mechanistic analysis based on pathway, genomics, and enzyme activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135784. [PMID: 35870609 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Using co-substrates to enhance the metabolic activity of microbes is an effective way for high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons removal in petroleum-contaminated environments. However, the long degradation period and exhausting substrates limit the enhancement of metabolic activity. In this study, Altererythrobacter sp. N1 was screened from petroleum-contaminated soil in Shengli Oilfield, China, which could utilize pyrene as the sole carbon source and energy source. Saturated aromatic fractions and crude oils were used as in-situ co-substrates to enhance pyrene degradation. Enzyme activity was influenced by the different co-substrates. The highest degradation rate (75.98%) was achieved when crude oil was used as the substrate because strain N1 could utilize saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons from crude oil simultaneously to enhance the degrading enzyme activity. Moreover, the phthalate pathway was dominant, while the salicylate pathway was secondary. Furthermore, the Rieske-type aromatic cyclo-dioxygenase gene was annotated in the Altererythrobacter sp. N1 genome for the first time. Therefore, the co-metabolism of pyrene was sustained to achieve a long degradation period without the addition of exogenous substrates. This study is valuable as a potential method for the biodegradation of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Fan
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Qingmin Feng
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Junzhang Lin
- Oil Production Research Institute, Shengli Oil Field Ltd. Co. SinoPEC, Dongying, 257000, PR China.
| | - Weidong Wang
- Oil Production Research Institute, Shengli Oil Field Ltd. Co. SinoPEC, Dongying, 257000, PR China.
| | - Yanbin Cao
- Oil Production Research Institute, Shengli Oil Field Ltd. Co. SinoPEC, Dongying, 257000, PR China.
| | - Hengjun Gai
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Hongbing Song
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Quanhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
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Kumari B, Kaur J. Correlation of over-expression of rv1900c with enhanced survival of M. smegmatis under stress conditions: Modulation of cell surface properties. Gene 2021; 791:145720. [PMID: 34019937 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has distinct cell wall composition that helps in intracellular survival of bacteria. Rv1900c, a two domain protein, has been grouped in lip gene family. The expression of rv1900c was upregulated under acidic, nutritive and iron stress conditions in M. tuberculosis H37Ra. To investigate the biological effect of Rv1900c in mycobacterium physiology, rv1900c gene was cloned in M. smegmatis, a surrogate host. Its counterpart MSMEG_4477 in M. smegmatis demonstrated 38% protein similarity with Rv1900c. MSMEG_4477 gene was knocked out in M. smegmatis by homologous recombination. rv1900c and MSMEG_4477 genes, cloned in pVV16, were expressed in the M. smegmatis knockout strain (M. smegmatis ΔMSMEG_4477). Gene knockout significantly altered colony morphology and growth kinetics of M. smegmatis. M. smegmatis ΔMSMEG_1900 (pVV16::rv1900c) colonies were less wrinkled and had smooth surface as compared to M. smegmatis ΔMSMEG_4477. The changes were reverted back to normal upon expression of MSMEG_4477 in knockout strain M. smegmatis ΔMSMEG_4477 (pVV16::MSMEG_4477). The expression of rv1900c enhanced the biofilm formation and survival of bacteria under various in vitro stresses like acidic, nutritive stress, including lysozyme, SDS and multiple antibiotics treatment in comparison to control. On the other hand the expression of rv1900c decreased the cell wall permeability. The resistance provided by M. smegmatis ΔMSMEG_4477 (pVV16::MSMEG_4477) was comparable to M. smegmatis having vector alone (MS_vec). The lipid content of M. smegmatis ΔMSMEG_1900 (pVV16::rv1900c) was observed to be different from M. smegmatis ΔMSMEG_4477 (pVV16::MSMEG_4477). M. smegmatis ΔMSMEG_1900 (pVV16::rv1900c) was more tolerant to stress conditions in comparison to M. smegmatis ΔMSMEG_4477 (pVV16::MSMEG_4477). Expression of rv1900c enhanced the intracellular survival of mycobacteria. Therefore, the present study suggested an association of Rv1900c to the stress tolerance by cell wall modification that might have resulted in enhanced intracellular survival of the mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block-1, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block-1, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Kumari B, Kaur J, Maan P, Kumar A, Kaur J. The lipolytic activity of LipJ, a stress-induced enzyme, is regulated by its C-terminal adenylate cyclase domain. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:487-507. [PMID: 33960821 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The confirmation of lipolytic activity and role of Rv1900c in the Mycobacterium physiology Methods: rv1900c/N-terminus domain (rv1900NT) were cloned in pET28a/Escherichia coli, purified by affinity chromatography and characterized. Results: A zone of clearance on tributyrin-agar and activity with pNP-decanoate confirmed the lipolytic activity of Rv1900c. The Rv1900NT demonstrated higher enzyme specific activity, Vmax and kcat, but Rv1900c was more thermostable. The lipolytic activity of Rv1900c decreased in presence of ATP. Mycobacterium smegmatis expressed rv1900c/rv1900NT-altered colony morphology, growth, cell surface properties and survival under stress conditions. The effect was more prominent with Rv1900NT as compared with Rv1900c. Conclusion: The study confirmed the lipolytic activity of Rv1900c and suggested its regulation by the adenylate cyclase domain and role in the intracellular survival of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block-1, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jashandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block-1, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pratibha Maan
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block-1, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arbind Kumar
- COVID Testing Facility, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresources & Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block-1, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Jiang J, Lin C, Zhang J, Wang Y, Shen L, Yang K, Xiao W, Li Y, Zhang L, Liu J. Transcriptome Changes of Mycobacterium marinum in the Process of Resuscitation From Hypoxia-Induced Dormancy. Front Genet 2020; 10:1359. [PMID: 32117415 PMCID: PMC7025489 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly one-third of the world's population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), which represents a huge disease reservoir for reactivation and a major obstacle for effective control of tuberculosis. During latent infection, M. tb is thought to enter nonreplicative dormant states by virtue of its response to hypoxia and nutrient-deprived conditions. Knowledge of the genetic programs used to facilitate entry into and exit from the nonreplicative dormant states remains incomplete. In this study, we examined the transcriptional changes of Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum), a pathogenic mycobacterial species closely related to M. tb, at different stages of resuscitation from hypoxia-induced dormancy. RNA-seq analyses were performed on M. marinum cultures recovered at multiple time points after resuscitation. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at each time period were identified and analyzed. Co-expression networks of transcription factors and DEGs in each period were constructed. In addition, we performed a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on all genes and obtained 12 distinct gene modules. Collectively, these data provided valuable insight into the transcriptome changes of M. marinum upon resuscitation as well as gene module function of the bacteria during active metabolism and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Maan P, Kaur J. Rv2223c, an acid inducible carboxyl-esterase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enhanced the growth and survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:1397-1415. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To elucidate the role of Rv2223c in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods: Purified recombinant Rv2223c protein was characterized. Expression of rv2223c in the presence of different stress environment and subcellular localization were performed in M. tuberculosis H37Ra and Mycobacterium smegmatis ( MS_2223c). Effect of its overexpression on growth rate, infection and intracellular survival in THP-1/PBMC cells were studied. Results: rRv2223c demonstrated esterase activity with preference for pNP-octanoate and hydrolyzed trioctanoate to di- and mono-octanoate. Expression of rv2223c was upregulated in acidic and nutritive stress conditions. rRv2223c was identified in extracellular and cell wall fractions. MS_2223c exhibited enhanced growth, survival during in vitro stress, infection and intracellular survival. Conclusions: Rv2223c is a secretary, carboxyl-esterase, with enhanced expression under acidic and nutritive stress condition and might help in intracellular survival of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Maan
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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11
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Maurer DL, Ellis CK, Thacker TC, Rice S, Koziel JA, Nol P, VerCauteren KC. Screening of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds for Detection of Disease in Cattle: Development of Lab-scale Method. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12103. [PMID: 31431630 PMCID: PMC6702204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary hurdle for diagnosis of some diseases is the long incubation required to culture and confirm the presence of bacteria. The concept of using microbial VOCs as "signature markers" could provide a faster and noninvasive diagnosis. Finding biomarkers is challenging due to the specificity required in complex matrices. The objectives of this study were to (1) build/test a lab-scale platform for screening of microbial VOCs and (2) apply it to Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis; the vaccine strain of M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; and M. kansasii to demonstrate detection times greater those typically required for culture. SPME-GC-MS was used for sampling, sample preparation, and analyses. For objective (1), a testing platform was built for headspace sampling of bacterial cultures grown in standard culture flasks via a biosecure closed-loop circulating airflow system. For (2), results show that the suites of VOCs produced by Mycobacteria ssp. change over time and that individual strains produce different VOCs. The developed method was successful in discriminating between strains using a pooled multi-group analysis, and in timepoint-specific multi- and pair-wise comparisons. The developed testing platform can be useful for minimally invasive and biosecure collection of biomarkers associated with human, wildlife and livestock diseases for development of diagnostic point-of-care and field surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin L Maurer
- Iowa State University, Dept. of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Christine K Ellis
- USDA-APHIS-WS-National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Tyler C Thacker
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Mycobacterial Diseases, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Somchai Rice
- Iowa State University, Dept. of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jacek A Koziel
- Iowa State University, Dept. of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Pauline Nol
- USDA-APHIS-WS-Wildlife Livestock Disease Investigations Team, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Kurt C VerCauteren
- USDA-APHIS-WS-National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
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12
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Kaur J, Kaur J. Rv0518, a nutritive stress inducible GDSL lipase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, enhanced intracellular survival of bacteria by cell wall modulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:180-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Maan P, Kumar A, Kaur J, Kaur J. Rv1288, a Two Domain, Cell Wall Anchored, Nutrient Stress Inducible Carboxyl-Esterase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Modulates Cell Wall Lipid. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:421. [PMID: 30560095 PMCID: PMC6287010 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rv1288, a conserved hypothetical protein of M. tuberculosis (M.tb), was recently characterized as two-domain esterase enzyme by in silico study. In the present study, Rv1288 and its domains (Est and Lyt) were cloned individually from M.tb into E. coli for expression and purification. The purified rRv1288 and rEst proteins exhibited lipolytic activity with medium chain length esters as optimum substrates, while Lyt domain did not show enzymatic activity. However, presence of Lyt domain resulted in enhanced rate of protein aggregation at higher temperature. Both rRv1288 and rEst followed the similar patterns of substrate specificity, temperature and pH activity. Site directed mutagenesis confirmed the Ser-294, Asp-391 and His-425 as catalytic site residues. Rv1288 was found to be present in cell wall fraction of M.tb H37Ra. Peptidoglycan binding activity of Rv1288 and its domains demonstrated that the Lyt domain is essential for anchoring protein to the cell wall. Expression of rv1288 was up regulated in M.tb under nutrient starved condition. Over expression of rv1288 in surrogate host M. smegmatis led to change in colony morphology, enhanced pellicle and aggregate formation that might be linked with the changed lipid composition of bacterial cell wall. Cell wall of M. smegmatis expressing rv1288 had higher amount of lipids, with a significant increase in trehalose dimycolate content. Rv1288 also leads to increase in drug resistance of M. smegmatis. Rv1288 also enhanced the intracellular survival of M. smegmatis in Raw264.7 cell line. Overall, this study suggested that Rv1288, a cell wall localized carboxyl hydrolase with mycolyl-transferase activity, modulated the cell wall lipids to favor the survival of bacteria under stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Maan
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arbind Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jashandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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14
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Chownk M, Kaur J, Singh K, Kaur J. mbtJ: an iron stress-induced acetyl hydrolase/esterase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis helps bacteria to survive during iron stress. Future Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29519132 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM mbtJ from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv is a member of mbt A-J operon required for mycobactin biogenesis. MATERIALS & METHODS The esterase/acetyl-hydrolase activity of mbtJ was determined by pNP-esters/native-PAGE and expression under iron stress by quantitative-PCR. Effect of gene on growth/survival of Mycobacterium was studied using antisense. Its effect on morphology, growth/infection was studied in Mycobacterium smegmatis. RESULTS It showed acetyl hydrolase/esterase activity at pH 8.0 and 50°C with pNP-butyrate. Its expression was upregulated under iron stress. The antisense inhibited the survival of bacterium during iron stress. Expression of mbtJ changed colony morphology and enhanced the growth/infection in M. smegmatis. CONCLUSION mbtJ, an acetyl-hydrolase/esterase, enhanced the survival of M. tuberculosis under iron stress, affected the growth/infection efficiency in M. smegmatis, suggesting its pivotal role in the intracellular survival of bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Chownk
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jashandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Kaur G, Sharma A, Narang T, Dogra S, Kaur J. Characterization of ML0314c of Mycobacterium leprae and deciphering its role in the immune response in leprosy patients. Gene 2018; 643:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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