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Zatarain-Barrón ZL, Ramos-Espinosa O, Marquina-Castillo B, Barrios-Payán J, Cornejo-Granados F, Maya-Lucas O, López-Leal G, Molina-Romero C, Anthony RM, Ochoa-Leyva A, De La Rosa-Velázquez IA, Rebollar-Vega RG, Warren RM, Mata-Espinosa DA, Hernández-Pando R, van Soolingen D. Evidence for the Effect of Vaccination on Host-Pathogen Interactions in a Murine Model of Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:930. [PMID: 32508826 PMCID: PMC7248268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global control of Tuberculosis remains elusive, and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) -the most widely used vaccine in history-has proven insufficient for reversing this epidemic. Several authors have suggested that the mass presence of vaccinated hosts might have affected the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) population structure, and this could in turn be reflected in a prevalence of strains with higher ability to circumvent BCG-induced immunity, such as the recent Beijing genotype. The effect of vaccination on vaccine-escape variants has been well-documented in several bacterial pathogens; however the effect of the interaction between MTB strains and vaccinated hosts has never been previously described. In this study we show for the first time the interaction between MTB Beijing-genotype strains and BCG-vaccinated hosts. Using a well-controlled murine model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis, we vaccinated BALB/c mice with two different sub-strains of BCG (BCG-Phipps and BCG-Vietnam). Following vaccination, the mice were infected with either one of three selected MTB strains. Strains were selected based on lineage, and included two Beijing-family clinical isolates (strains 46 and 48) and a well-characterized laboratory strain (H37Rv). Two months after infection, mice were euthanized and the bacteria extracted from their lungs. We characterized the genomic composite of the bacteria before and after exposure to vaccinated hosts, and also characterized the local response to the bacteria by sequencing the lung transcriptome in animals during the infection. Results from this study show that the interaction within the lungs of the vaccinated hosts results in the selection of higher-virulence bacteria, specifically for the Beijing genotype strains 46 and 48. After exposure to the BCG-induced immune response, strains 46 and 48 acquire genomic mutations associated with several virulence factors. As a result, the bacteria collected from these vaccinated hosts have an increased ability for immune evasion, as shown in both the host transcriptome and the histopathology studies, and replicates far more efficiently compared to bacteria collected from unvaccinated hosts or to the original-stock strain. Further research is warranted to ascertain the pathways associated with the genomic alterations. However, our results highlight novel host-pathogen interactions induced by exposure of MTB to BCG vaccinated hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zyanya Lucia Zatarain-Barrón
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Octavio Ramos-Espinosa
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Marquina-Castillo
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payán
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Cornejo-Granados
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Otoniel Maya-Lucas
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gamaliel López-Leal
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Camilo Molina-Romero
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Richard M Anthony
- Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Adrián Ochoa-Leyva
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Inti Alberto De La Rosa-Velázquez
- Genomics Laboratory, Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa Gloria Rebollar-Vega
- Genomics Laboratory, Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Robin M Warren
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Dulce Adriana Mata-Espinosa
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dick van Soolingen
- Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
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Hu Q, Zhang J, Chen Y, Hu L, Li W, He ZG. Cyclic di-GMP co-activates the two-component transcriptional regulator DevR in Mycobacterium smegmatis in response to oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12729-12742. [PMID: 31270210 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is an important second messenger in bacteria, and its regulatory network has been extensively studied. However, information regarding the activation mechanisms of its receptors remains limited. In this study, we characterized the two-component regulator DevR as a new c-di-GMP receptor and further uncovered a novel co-activation mechanism for effective regulation of DevR in mycobacteria. We show that high c-di-GMP levels induce the expression of the devR operon in Mycobacterium smegmatis and increase mycobacterial survival under oxidative stress. The deletion of either DevR or its two-component kinase DevS significantly weakened the stimulating effect of c-di-GMP on oxidative-stress tolerance of mycobacteria. We also found that DevR senses the c-di-GMP signal through its C-terminal structure and that c-di-GMP alone does not directly affect the DNA-binding activity of DevR. Strikingly, c-di-GMP stimulated DevR phosphorylation by the kinase DevS, thereby activating DevR's DNA-binding affinity. In summary, our results indicated that c-di-GMP triggers a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism that co-activates DevR's transcriptional activity. Our findings suggest a novel paradigm for the cross-talk between c-di-GMP signaling and two-component regulatory systems that activates transcription of stress-response genes in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Hu
- From the National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaxun Zhang
- From the National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Chen
- From the National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- From the National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weihui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zheng-Guo He
- From the National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Fan L, Wu X, Jin C, Li F, Xiong S, Dong Y. MptpB Promotes Mycobacteria Survival by Inhibiting the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators and Cell Apoptosis in Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:171. [PMID: 29888212 PMCID: PMC5981270 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a severe contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). To develop new vaccines and medicine against TB, there is an urgent need to provide insights into the mechanisms by which Mtb induces tuberculosis. In this study, we found that secreted Mtb virulence factor MptpB significantly enhanced the survival of H37Rv in macrophages. MptpB suppressed the production of iNOS, the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6, as well as the apoptosis of the macrophage in Mtb infected RAW264.7 cells. Mechanism investigation showed that MptpB simultaneously hampered the NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways, evidenced by its blocking of p65, IKKα, Erk1/2, and p38 phosphorylation induced by Mtb infection. MptpB also inhibited host cell p53 expression. The results demonstrated that MptpB contributed to the survival of H37Rv by inhibiting host inflammatory responses and apoptosis through impeding the NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways and p53 expression in the macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Fengge Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanshu Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
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Oxadiazoles Have Butyrate-Specific Conditional Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:3608-16. [PMID: 27044545 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02896-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a global pathogen of huge importance which can adapt to several host niche environments in which carbon source availability is likely to vary. We developed and ran a phenotypic screen using butyrate as the sole carbon source to be more reflective of the host lung environment. We screened a library of ∼87,000 small compounds and identified compounds which demonstrated good antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis grown with butyrate but not with glucose as the carbon source. Among the hits, we identified an oxadiazole series (six compounds) which had specific activity against M. tuberculosis but which lacked cytotoxicity against mammalian cells.
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Uplekar S, Rougemont J, Cole ST, Sala C. High-resolution transcriptome and genome-wide dynamics of RNA polymerase and NusA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 41:961-77. [PMID: 23222129 PMCID: PMC3553938 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To construct a regulatory map of the genome of the human pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we applied two complementary high-resolution approaches: strand-specific RNA-seq, to survey the global transcriptome, and ChIP-seq, to monitor the genome-wide dynamics of RNA polymerase (RNAP) and the anti-terminator NusA. Although NusA does not bind directly to DNA, but rather to RNAP and/or to the nascent transcript, we demonstrate that NusA interacts with RNAP ubiquitously throughout the chromosome, and that its profile mirrors RNAP distribution in both the exponential and stationary phases of growth. Generally, promoter-proximal peaks for RNAP and NusA were observed, followed by a decrease in signal strength reflecting transcriptional polarity. Differential binding of RNAP and NusA in the two growth conditions correlated with transcriptional activity as reflected by RNA abundance. Indeed, a significant association between expression levels and the presence of NusA throughout the gene body was detected, confirming the peculiar transcription-promoting role of NusA. Integration of the data sets pinpointed transcriptional units, mapped promoters and uncovered new anti-sense and non-coding transcripts. Highly expressed transcriptional units were situated mainly on the leading strand, despite the relatively unbiased distribution of genes throughout the genome, thus helping the replicative and transcriptional complexes to align.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Uplekar
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Skvortsov TA, Azhikina TL. [Adaptive changes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene expression during the infectious process]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [PMID: 23189553 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162012040139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes an infection in humans with clinical manifestations varying from asymptomatic carriage of bacteria to rapidly progressing tuberculosis. Infection outcomes depend on complex and still not fully understood interactions between the pathogenic bacteria and their host organism. Gene expression changes in response to host defense mechanisms are needed for M. tuberculosis survival and functioning. This review focuses on the analysis of dynamic changes in the M. tuberculosis transcriptome taking place during infection processes in host tissues. Presently available data on mycobacterial transcriptome changes obtained from different infection models are discussed. A major part of this review is devoted to the description of biochemical changes occurring in M. tuberculosis infection process, from the primary through latent infection to pathogen reactivation. At each stage of the infection, gene expression changes and induced bacterial metabolic variations are discussed.
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Koo MS, Subbian S, Kaplan G. Strain specific transcriptional response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected macrophages. Cell Commun Signal 2012; 10:2. [PMID: 22280836 PMCID: PMC3317440 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-10-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a significant health problem worldwide with a third of the world population infected and nearly nine million new cases claiming 1.1 million deaths every year. The outcome following infection by Mtb is determined by a complex and dynamic host-pathogen interaction in which the phenotype of the pathogen and the immune status of the host play a role. However, the molecular mechanism by which Mtb strains induce different responses during intracellular infection of the host macrophage is not fully understood. To explore the early molecular events triggered upon Mtb infection of macrophages, we studied the transcriptional responses of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) to infection with two clinical Mtb strains, CDC1551 and HN878. These strains have previously been shown to differ in their virulence/immunogenicity in the mouse and rabbit models of pulmonary TB. Results In spite of similar intracellular growth rates, we observed that compared to HN878, infection by CDC1551 of BMM was associated with an increased global transcriptome, up-regulation of a specific early (6 hours) immune response network and significantly elevated nitric oxide production. In contrast, at 24 hours post-infection of BMM by HN878, more host genes involved in lipid metabolism, including cholesterol metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis were up-regulated, compared to infection with CDC1551. In association with the differences in the macrophage responses to infection with the 2 Mtb strains, intracellular CDC1551 expressed higher levels of stress response genes than did HN878. Conclusions In association with the early and more robust macrophage activation, intracellular CDC1551 cells were exposed to a higher level of stress leading to increased up-regulation of the bacterial stress response genes. In contrast, sub-optimal activation of macrophages and induction of a dysregulated host cell lipid metabolism favored a less stressful intracellular environment for HN878. Our findings suggest that the ability of CDC1551 and HN878 to differentially activate macrophages during infection probably determines their ability to either resist host cell immunity and progress to active disease or to succumb to the host protective responses and be driven into a non-replicating latent state in rabbit lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Koo
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunity and Pathogenesis, The Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UNDNJ), 225 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
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Cardoso CC, Pereira AC, de Sales Marques C, Moraes MO. Leprosy susceptibility: genetic variations regulate innate and adaptive immunity, and disease outcome. Future Microbiol 2011; 6:533-49. [PMID: 21585261 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.11.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The past few years have been very productive concerning the identification of genes associated with leprosy. Candidate gene strategies using both case-control and family-based designs, as well as large-scale approaches such as linkage and gene-expression genomic scans and, more recently, genome-wide association studies, have refined and enriched the list of genes highlighting the most important innate and adaptive immune pathways associated with leprosy susceptibility or resistance. During the early events of host-pathogen interaction identified genes are involved in pattern recognition receptors, and mycobacterial uptake (TLRs, NOD2 and MRC1), which modulate autophagy. Another gene, LTA4H, which regulates the levels of lipoxin A4 and possibly interacts with lipid droplet-related events, also plays a role in the early immune responses to Mycobacterium leprae. Together, the activation of these pathways regulates cellular metabolism upon infection, activating cytokine production through NF-κB and vitamin D-vitamin D receptor pathways, while PARK2 and LRRK2 participate in the regulation of host-cell apoptosis. Concomitantly, genes triggered to form and maintain granulomas (TNF, LTA and IFNG) and genes involved in activating and differentiating T-helper cells (HLA, IL10, as well as the TNF/LTA axis and the IFNG/IL12 axis) bridge immunological regulation towards adaptive immunity. Subtle variations in these genes, mostly single nucleotide polymorphisms, alter the risk of developing the disease or the severity of leprosy. Knowing these genes and their role will ultimately lead to better strategies for leprosy prevention, treatment and early diagnosis. Finally, the same genes associated with leprosy were also associated with autoimmune (Crohn's disease, rheumathoid arthritis, psoriasis) or neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's). Thus, information retrieved using leprosy as a model could be valuable to understanding the pathogenesis of other complex diseases.
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Subbian S, Tsenova L, O'Brien P, Yang G, Koo MS, Peixoto B, Fallows D, Dartois V, Muller G, Kaplan G. Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition alters gene expression and improves isoniazid-mediated clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in rabbit lungs. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002262. [PMID: 21949656 PMCID: PMC3174258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is hampered by the long duration of antibiotic therapy required to achieve cure. This indolent response has been partly attributed to the ability of subpopulations of less metabolically active Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to withstand killing by current anti-TB drugs. We have used immune modulation with a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor, CC-3052, that reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production by increasing intracellular cAMP in macrophages, to examine the crosstalk between host and pathogen in rabbits with pulmonary TB during treatment with isoniazid (INH). Based on DNA microarray, changes in host gene expression during CC-3052 treatment of Mtb infected rabbits support a link between PDE4 inhibition and specific down-regulation of the innate immune response. The overall pattern of host gene expression in the lungs of infected rabbits treated with CC-3052, compared to untreated rabbits, was similar to that described in vitro in resting Mtb infected macrophages, suggesting suboptimal macrophage activation. These alterations in host immunity were associated with corresponding down-regulation of a number of Mtb genes that have been associated with a metabolic shift towards dormancy. Moreover, treatment with CC-3052 and INH resulted in reduced expression of those genes associated with the bacterial response to INH. Importantly, CC-3052 treatment of infected rabbits was associated with reduced ability of Mtb to withstand INH killing, shown by improved bacillary clearance, from the lungs of co-treated animals compared to rabbits treated with INH alone. The results of our study suggest that changes in Mtb gene expression, in response to changes in the host immune response, can alter the responsiveness of the bacteria to antimicrobial agents. These findings provide a basis for exploring the potential use of adjunctive immune modulation with PDE4 inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of existing anti-TB treatment. Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality. Although current antibiotic regimens can cure TB, treatment requires at least six months for completion. Recent studies indicate that bacteria in a less metabolically active state are less responsive to antibiotic killing and suggest that this may partly explain the long duration required for TB treatment. In this study, using a rabbit model of pulmonary TB, we show that immune modulation of Mtb infected animals with CC-3052, a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor that reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production by increasing intracellular cAMP levels, resulted in the down-regulation of host genes involved in the innate immune response. Bacteria from the lungs of CC-3052 treated rabbits displayed differential expression of those genes associated with stress responses. In addition, co-treatment of INH with CC-3052 abolished the INH-induced Mtb gene expression in the infected rabbits. Importantly, bacillary clearance from the lungs of rabbits co-treated with CC-3052 and INH was improved over that in animals treated with INH alone. The results of this study provide a basis for novel use of immune modulation to improve the efficacy of antibiotic therapy and to shorten the duration of TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Subbian
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunity and Pathogenesis, the Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Liana Tsenova
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunity and Pathogenesis, the Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul O'Brien
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunity and Pathogenesis, the Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Guibin Yang
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunity and Pathogenesis, the Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Mi-Sun Koo
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunity and Pathogenesis, the Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Blas Peixoto
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunity and Pathogenesis, the Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Dorothy Fallows
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunity and Pathogenesis, the Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | - George Muller
- Celgene Corporation, Summit, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Gilla Kaplan
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunity and Pathogenesis, the Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Li AH, Waddell SJ, Hinds J, Malloff CA, Bains M, Hancock RE, Lam WL, Butcher PD, Stokes RW. Contrasting transcriptional responses of a virulent and an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infecting macrophages. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11066. [PMID: 20548782 PMCID: PMC2883559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background H37Rv and H37Ra are well-described laboratory strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis derived from the same parental strain, H37, that show dramatically different pathogenic phenotypes. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, the transcriptomes of the two strains during axenic growth in broth and during intracellular growth within murine bone-marrow macrophages were compared by whole genome expression profiling. We identified and compared adaptations of either strain upon encountering an intracellular environment, and also contrasted the transcriptomes of the two strains while inside macrophages. In the former comparison, both strains induced genes that would facilitate intracellular survival including those involved in mycobactin synthesis and fatty acid metabolism. However, this response was stronger and more extensive for H37Rv than for H37Ra. This was manifested as the differential expression of a greater number of genes and an increased magnitude of expression for these genes in H37Rv. In comparing intracellular transcriptional signatures, fifty genes were found to be differentially expressed between the strains. Of these fifty, twelve were under control of the PhoPR regulon. Further differences between strains included genes whose products were members of the ESAT-6 family of proteins, or were associated with their secretion. Conclusions/Significance Along with the recent identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in H37Ra when compared to H37Rv, our demonstration of differential expression of PhoP-regulated and ESX-1 region-related genes during macrophage infection further highlights the significance of these genes in the attenuation of H37Ra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice H. Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon J. Waddell
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Infection, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Hinds
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Infection, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chad A. Malloff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Manjeet Bains
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert E. Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wan L. Lam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Philip D. Butcher
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Infection, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard W. Stokes
- Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail:
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