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Surur AK, de Oliveira AB, De Annunzio SR, Ferrisse TM, Fontana CR. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: A critical update. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 255:112905. [PMID: 38703452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial antibiotic resistance is one of the most significant challenges for public health. The increase in bacterial resistance, mainly due to microorganisms harmful to health, and the need to search for alternative treatments to contain infections that cannot be treated by conventional antibiotic therapy has been aroused. An alternative widely studied in recent decades is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), a treatment that can eliminate microorganisms through oxidative stress. Although this therapy has shown satisfactory results in infection control, it is still controversial in the scientific community whether bacteria manage to develop resistance after successive applications of aPDT. Thus, this work provides an overview of the articles that performed successive aPDT applications in models using bacteria published since 2010, focusing on sublethal dose cycles, highlighting the main PSs tested, and addressing the possible mechanisms for developing tolerance or resistance to aPDT, such as efflux pumps, biofilm formation, OxyR and SoxRS systems, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes and quorum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Koberstain Surur
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Analú Barros de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sarah Raquel De Annunzio
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Cui Z, Zhang M, Geng S, Niu X, Wang X, Zhu Y, Ye F, Liu C. Antifungal Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Haematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether and Aloe Emodin on Malassezia furfur. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:749106. [PMID: 34867868 PMCID: PMC8637056 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.749106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious dermatological diseases caused by Malassezia furfur are often chronic, recurrent, and recalcitrant. Current therapeutic options are usually tedious, repetitive, and associated with adverse effects. Alternatives that broaden the treatment options and reduce side effects for patients are needed. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an emerging approach that is quite suitable for superficial infections. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy and effect of aPDT mediated by haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) and aloe emodin (AE) on clinical isolates of M. furfur in vitro. The photodynamic antimicrobial efficacy of HMME and AE against M. furfur was assessed by colony forming unit (CFU) assay. The uptake of HMME and AE by M. furfur cells was investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate the intracellular ROS level. The effect of HMME and AE-mediated aPDT on secreted protease and lipase activity of M. furfur was also investigated. The results showed that HMME and AE in the presence of light effectively inactivated M. furfur cells in a photosensitizer (PS) concentration and light energy dose-dependent manner. AE exhibited higher antimicrobial efficacy against M. furfur than HMME under the same irradiation condition. HMME and AE-mediated aPDT disturbed the fungal cell envelop, significantly increased the intracellular ROS level, and effectively inhibited the activity of secreted protease and lipase of M. furfur cells. The results suggest that HMME and AE have potential to serve as PSs in the photodynamic treatment of dermatological diseases caused by M. furfur, but further ex vivo or in vivo experiments are needed to verify that they can meet the requirements for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Cui
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinwu Niu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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Ziental D, Mlynarczyk DT, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Lewandowski K, Sobotta L. Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112883. [PMID: 34835655 PMCID: PMC8621466 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Superficial and systemic fungal infections are essential problems for the modern health care system. One of the challenges is the growing resistance of fungi to classic antifungals and the constantly increasing cost of therapy. These factors force the scientific world to intensify the search for alternative and more effective methods of treatment. This paper presents an overview of new fungal inactivation methods using Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT). The results of research on compounds from the groups of phenothiazines, xanthanes, porphyrins, chlorins, porphyrazines, and phthalocyanines are presented. An intensive search for a photosensitizer with excellent properties is currently underway. The formulation based on the existing ones is also developed by combining them with nanoparticles and common antifungal therapy. Numerous studies indicate that fungi do not form any specific defense mechanism against PACT, which deems it a promising therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Konrad Lewandowski
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Voit T, Cieplik F, Regensburger J, Hiller KA, Gollmer A, Buchalla W, Maisch T. Spatial Distribution of a Porphyrin-Based Photosensitizer Reveals Mechanism of Photodynamic Inactivation of Candida albicans. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:641244. [PMID: 34350191 PMCID: PMC8326406 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.641244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising approach for the control of microbial and especially fungal infections such as mucosal mycosis. TMPyP [5,10,15, 20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-porphyrin tetra p-toluenesulfonate] is an effective photosensitizer (PS) that is commonly used in aPDT. The aim of this study was to examine the localization of TMPyP in Candida albicans before and after irradiation with visible light to get information about the cellular mechanism of antifungal action of the photodynamic process using this PS. Immediately after incubation of C. albicans with TMPyP, fluorescence microscopy revealed an accumulation of the PS in the cell envelope. After irradiation with blue light the complete cell showed red fluorescence, which indicates, that aPDT is leading to a damage in the cell wall with following influx of PS into the cytosol. Incubation of C. albicans with Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) could confirm the cell wall as primary binding site of TMPyP. The finding that the porphyrin accumulates in the fungal cell wall and does not enter the interior of the cell before irradiation makes it unlikely that resistances can emerge upon aPDT. The results of this study may help in further development and modification of PS in order to increase efficacy against fungal infections such as those caused by C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Voit
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Private Practice, Kaufbeuren, Germany
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anita Gollmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tim Maisch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Pan T, Liu X, Liu C, Li J, Ma W, Qin Y, Chen Y, Lin S, Ye F. Evaluation of the photodynamic efficacy and effects of haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether on Trichophyton rubrum microconidia in vitro. Mycoses 2020; 63:1215-1225. [PMID: 32783251 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current available treatment modes against dermatophytoses are often tedious and sometimes unsatisfactory. As an emerging and promising approach, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) attracts much attention in the treatment of superficial or localised infections. OBJECTIVES This work investigated the photodynamic efficacy and effects of haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) on microconidia of Trichophyton rubrum in vitro. METHODS The photodynamic killing efficacy of HMME on microconidia of two T rubrum strains was assessed by MTT assay. The effects of HMME-mediated aPDT on the growth of T rubrum and cellular structure of microconidia were also investigated. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry were employed to study the intracellular localisation of HMME and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS HMME showed no obvious toxicity in the dark, but after light irradiation it inactivated the T rubrum microconidia in a light energy dose-dependent manner, and inhibited the growth of T rubrum. CLSM demonstrated that HMME initially bound to the cell envelop and entered into the cell after light irradiation. HMME-mediated aPDT also damaged the cell cytoplasm and increased the accumulation of intracellular ROS, resulting in cell death. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that HMME-mediated aPDT had potential to be used in the treatment of superficial infections caused by T rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Pan
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wenpeng Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yannan Qin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yunru Chen
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Shumei Lin
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
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Jan A, Liu C, Deng H, Li J, Ma W, Zeng X, Ji Y. In vitro photodynamic inactivation effects of hypocrellin B on azole-sensitive and resistant Candida albicans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:419-427. [PMID: 31325521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The extensive use of antifungal drugs has led to resistance from Candida albicans. The search for alternative treatment against drug-resistant C. albicans is highly desirable. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an emerging and promising approach for treating localized and superficial C. albicans infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) effects of hypocrellin B (HB) on azole-sensitive and resistant C. albicans in vitro. METHODS The PDI efficacies of HB on standard C. albicans strain (ATCC 10231), azole-sensitive clinical isolate of C. albicans, and azole-resistant clinical isolate of C. albicans were assessed. The uptake of HB in C. albicans cells was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The PDI effects on cellular structure and surface characteristics were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS HB exhibited no significant dark toxicity, but inactivated the azole-sensitive and resistant C. albicans in a light-dose and PS concentration-dependent manner. CLSM images indicated that PDI treated C. albicans cells showed stronger fluorescence compared to untreated cells. TEM images suggested that significant damage to the cell wall, membrane, and cytoplasm were induced by HB-mediated PDI. SEM analysis revealed that the surface of C. albicans cells became twisted and ruptured after PDI treatment. CONCLUSIONS Azole-sensitive and resistant C. albicans could be effectively inactivated by HB in the presence of light, and HB-mediated aPDT shows promise as an antifungal treatment for C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Jan
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
| | - Hong Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 21st North Street, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Wenpeng Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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Zhou S, Sun Z, Ye Z, Wang Y, Wang L, Xing L, Qiu H, Huang N, Luo Y, Zhao Y, Gu Y. In vitro photodynamic inactivation effects of benzylidene cyclopentanone photosensitizers on clinical fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:178-186. [PMID: 29626527 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of Candida infections has increased for various reasons, including, the more frequent use of immunosuppresants or broad-spectrum antibiotics. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a promising approach for treating localized Candida infections. METHODS The PDI efficacies of three benzylidene cyclopentanone-based (BCB) photosensitizers (PSs: P1, P2 and Y1) against three fluconazole-resistant C. albicans (cal-1, cal-2, and cal-3) and one control C. albicans (ATCC 90028), respectively, were evaluated using an established plate dilution method. The binding of PSs to C. albicans was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. The mechanism of antifungal PDI was investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Three BCB PSs all bound rapidly to C. albicans. After incubation with PSs for 30 min and irradiation with a 532 nm laser for 10 min (40 mW cm-2, 24 J cm-2), the fungicidal activity was achieved as 7.5 μM for P1 and P2, and 25 μM for Y1. CLSM confirmed that P1 and Y1 were located in intracellular components, including mitochondria, while P2 bound to the protoplast exterior and failed to enter the cells. TEM revealed the damage of mitochondria ultrastructures after P1- or Y1-mediated PDI, consistenting with the CLSM results. However, most cells became edematous, enlarged or deformation after P2-mediated PDI. CONCLUSIONS The three BCB PSs all have remarkable PDI effects on C. albicans. The best effect is obtained by P1, which has one cationic charge with a proper lipophilicity. The respective subcellular localization of the three PSs led to different PDI mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaona Zhou
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zulin Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Leili Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Xing
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Naiyan Huang
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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Liao PY, Wang XR, Zhang XH, Hu TS, Zheng MZ, Gao YH, Yan YJ, Chen ZL. Synthesis of 2-morpholinetetraphenylporphyrins and their photodynamic activities. Bioorg Chem 2017; 71:299-304. [PMID: 28267982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2-morpholinetetraphenylporphyrins functionalized with various substituents (Cl, Me, MeO group) at 4-phenyl position were prepared via nucleophilic substitution of 2-nitroporphyrin copper derivatives with morpholine by refluxing under a nitrogen atmosphere and then demetalization. Their basic photophysical properties, intracellular localization, cytotoxicities in vitro and in vivo were also investigated. All synthesized photosensitizers exhibited longer maxima absorption wavelengths than Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME). They showed low dark cytotoxicity compared with that of HMME and were more phototoxic than HMME against Eca-109 cells in vitro. M3 also exhibited better photodynamic antitumor efficacy on BALB/c nude mice at a lower concentration. Therefore, M3 is a promising antitumor photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Yong Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Xin-Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Xiang-Hua Zhang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tai-Shan Hu
- Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Zheng
- Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying-Hua Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Yi-Jia Yan
- Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
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9
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Liu C, Hu M, Zhang B, Zeng X. Haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-mediated photodynamic inactivation of the biofilms produced by standard and fluconazole-resistantCandida albicansstrains. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 42:167-171. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an PR China
| | - M. Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an PR China
| | - B. Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an PR China
| | - X. Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an PR China
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10
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Liao PY, Wang XR, Gao YH, Zhang XH, Zhang LJ, Song CH, Zhang DP, Yan YJ, Chen ZL. Synthesis, photophysical properties and biological evaluation of β-alkylaminoporphyrin for photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6040-6047. [PMID: 27713013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of β-alkylaminoporphyrins conjugated with different amines at β position (D1-D3) or with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents at phenyl position (D4-D6) were synthesized. Their photophysical and photochemical properties, intracellular localization, photocytotoxicities in vitro and vivo were also investigated. All target compounds exhibited no cytotoxicities in the dark and excellent photocytotoxicities against HeLa cells. Among them, D6 showed the highest phototoxicity and the lowest dark toxicity, which was more phototoxic than Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME). In addition, D6 exhibited best photodynamic antitumor efficacy on BALB/c nude mice bearing HeLa tumor. Therefore, D6 is a powerful and promising antitumor photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Yong Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xin-Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ying-Hua Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Zhang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chun-Hong Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Dan-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yi-Jia Yan
- Ningbo Dongmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ningbo 315899, China
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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