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A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Exercise Intervention Publications for Alzheimer’s Disease (1998–2021). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195903. [PMID: 36233770 PMCID: PMC9571385 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, posing a considerable economic burden to patients and society as a whole. Exercise has been confirmed as a non-drug intervention method in the related literature on AD. However, at present, there are still few bibliometric studies on AD exercise research. In order to fill the gap, this paper aims to intuitively analyze the growth in AD exercise literature published from 1998 to 2021 using bibliometrics, providing historical insights for scientific research circles. The main source of literature retrieval is the Web of Science database. Using the Boolean operator tools “OR” and “AND” combined with keywords related to “exercise” and “Alzheimer’s disease”, we conducted a title search and obtained 247 documents. Using Microsoft Excel, Datawrapper, and Biblioshiny, this study carried out a bibliometric analysis of countries, institutions, categories, journals, documents, authors, and keyword plus terms. The study found that the number of papers published from 2016 to 2021 had the greatest increase, which may have been influenced by the Global Dementia Report 2015 and COVID-19. Interdisciplinary cooperation and the research results published in high-scoring journals actively promoted research and development in the AD exercise field. The United States and the University of Minnesota system play a central role in this field. In future, it will be necessary to explore the effectiveness and feasibility of multi-mode interventions on an active lifestyle, including exercise, in different groups and environments worldwide. This study may provide a direction and path for future research by showing the global overview, theme evolution, and future trends of research results in the AD exercise field.
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López-Ortiz S, Valenzuela PL, Seisdedos MM, Morales JS, Vega T, Castillo-García A, Nisticò R, Mercuri NB, Lista S, Lucia A, Santos-Lozano A. Exercise interventions in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101479. [PMID: 34601135 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the potential multi-domain benefits of exercise interventions on patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as to determine the specific effects of different exercise modalities (aerobic, strength, or combined training). METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science until March 2021 for randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of exercise interventions (compared with no exercise) on patients with AD. Outcomes included cognitive function (mini-mental state examination [MMSE] test), physical function (e.g., 6-minute walking test [6MWT]), functional independence (Barthel index), and neuropsychiatric symptoms (Neuropsychiatric Inventory [NPI]). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS 28 studies (total n = 1337 participants, average age 79-90 years) were included in the systematic review, of which 21 could be meta-analyzed. Although considerable heterogeneity was found, exercise interventions induced several significant benefits, including in Barthel index (n = 147 patients, mean difference [MD]=8.36 points, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.63-16.09), 6MWT (n = 369, MD=84 m, 95% CI=44-133)), and NPI (n = 263, MD=-4.4 points, 95% CI=-8.42 to -0.38). Benefits were also found in the MMSE test, albeit significance was only reached for aerobic exercise (n = 187, MD=2.31 points, 95% CI 0.45-4.27). CONCLUSIONS Exercise interventions appear to exert multi-domain benefits in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - María M Seisdedos
- i+HeALTH, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier S Morales
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Tomás Vega
- Public Health Directorate, Regional Ministry of Health (Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad), Castilla y León, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy; School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Lista
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; CIBER en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
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López-Ortiz S, Pinto-Fraga J, Valenzuela PL, Martín-Hernández J, Seisdedos MM, García-López O, Toschi N, Di Giuliano F, Garaci F, Mercuri NB, Nisticò R, Emanuele E, Lista S, Lucia A, Santos-Lozano A. Physical Exercise and Alzheimer's Disease: Effects on Pathophysiological Molecular Pathways of the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062897. [PMID: 33809300 PMCID: PMC7999827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia in adults worldwide, is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder characterized by the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors and the dysregulation of numerous intracellular signaling and cellular/molecular pathways. The introduction of the systems biology framework is revolutionizing the study of complex diseases by allowing the identification and integration of cellular/molecular pathways and networks of interaction. Here, we reviewed the relationship between physical activity and the next pathophysiological processes involved in the risk of developing AD, based on some crucial molecular pathways and biological process dysregulated in AD: (1) Immune system and inflammation; (2) Endothelial function and cerebrovascular insufficiency; (3) Apoptosis and cell death; (4) Intercellular communication; (5) Metabolism, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity; (6) DNA damage and repair; (7) Cytoskeleton and membrane proteins; (8) Synaptic plasticity. Moreover, we highlighted the increasingly relevant role played by advanced neuroimaging technologies, including structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and arterial spin labelling, in exploring the link between AD and physical exercise. Regular physical exercise seems to have a protective effect against AD by inhibiting different pathophysiological molecular pathways implicated in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Jose Pinto-Fraga
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
| | - Juan Martín-Hernández
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - María M. Seisdedos
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Oscar García-López
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (N.T.); (F.G.)
- Department of Radiology, “Athinoula A. Martinos” Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francesca Di Giuliano
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (N.T.); (F.G.)
- Casa di Cura “San Raffaele Cassino”, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simone Lista
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (“imas12”), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomeédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (“imas12”), 28041 Madrid, Spain
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