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Pisanu C, Congiu D, Meloni A, Paribello P, Patrinos GP, Severino G, Ardau R, Chillotti C, Manchia M, Squassina A. Dissecting the genetic overlap between severe mental disorders and markers of cellular aging: Identification of pleiotropic genes and druggable targets. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1033-1041. [PMID: 38402365 PMCID: PMC11039620 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Patients with severe mental disorders such as bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) show a substantial reduction in life expectancy, increased incidence of comorbid medical conditions commonly observed with advanced age and alterations of aging hallmarks. While severe mental disorders are heritable, the extent to which genetic predisposition might contribute to accelerated cellular aging is not known. We used bivariate causal mixture models to quantify the trait-specific and shared architecture of mental disorders and 2 aging hallmarks (leukocyte telomere length [LTL] and mitochondrial DNA copy number), and the conjunctional false discovery rate method to detect shared genetic loci. We integrated gene expression data from brain regions from GTEx and used different tools to functionally annotate identified loci and investigate their druggability. Aging hallmarks showed low polygenicity compared with severe mental disorders. We observed a significant negative global genetic correlation between MDD and LTL (rg = -0.14, p = 6.5E-10), and no significant results for other severe mental disorders or for mtDNA-cn. However, conditional QQ plots and bivariate causal mixture models pointed to significant pleiotropy among all severe mental disorders and aging hallmarks. We identified genetic variants significantly shared between LTL and BD (n = 17), SCZ (n = 55) or MDD (n = 19), or mtDNA-cn and BD (n = 4), SCZ (n = 12) or MDD (n = 1), with mixed direction of effects. The exonic rs7909129 variant in the SORCS3 gene, encoding a member of the retromer complex involved in protein trafficking and intracellular/intercellular signaling, was associated with shorter LTL and increased predisposition to all severe mental disorders. Genetic variants underlying risk of SCZ or MDD and shorter LTL modulate expression of several druggable genes in different brain regions. Genistein, a phytoestrogen with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, was an upstream regulator of 2 genes modulated by variants associated with risk of MDD and shorter LTL. While our results suggest that shared heritability might play a limited role in contributing to accelerated cellular aging in severe mental disorders, we identified shared genetic determinants and prioritized different druggable targets and compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Donatella Congiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Meloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Paribello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genomics, United Arab Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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2
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Khodayi-Shahrak M, Khalaj-Kondori M, Hosseinpour Feizi MA, Talebi M. Insights into the mechanisms of non-coding RNAs' implication in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:921-940. [PMID: 36110561 PMCID: PMC9441681 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the regulation of gene expression at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and epigenetic levels. Several studies in cell lines, animal models, and humans, have revealed that non-coding RNAs play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Detailed knowledge on their mechanism of implication in the AD pathogenesis can help to develop novel therapeutic and disease management strategies. The two main pathological hallmarks of AD are amyloid plaques resulting from the β-amyloid accumulation, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) due to the phosphorylated tau accumulation. Several lncRNAs and miRNAs play crucial roles in both these hallmarks of the AD pathogenesis and other AD-related pathological procedures such as neuronal and synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation, neuronal differentiation and neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we outlined the non-coding RNAs and further discussed how they are implicated in these AD-related pathological procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khodayi-Shahrak
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran, E-mail:
| | | | - Mahnaz Talebi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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3
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SorCS3 promotes the internalization of p75 NTR to inhibit GBM progression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:313. [PMID: 35393432 PMCID: PMC8989992 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal malignancy caused by dysregulation of cellular signal transduction. Internalization plays a key role in maintaining signalling balance. Previous reports showed that Sortilin related VPS10 domain containing receptor 3 (SorCS3) has the ability to regulate internalization. However, the impacts of SorCS3 on the biological processes involved in GBM have not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the bio-function of SorCS3 in GBM. We found that SorCS3 was significantly downregulated in GBM. In addition, low expression level of SorCS3 predicted poor prognoses in patients with GBM. Here, we proved that SorCS3 suppressed cell invasion and proliferation mainly via NGF/p75NTR pathway in GBM. We found that SorCS3 co-localized with p75NTR in GBM cells and regulated the p75NTR protein level by promoting trafficking of the endosomal to the lysosome. Immunofluorescence (IF) and Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) detection confirmed that SorCS3 bound to p75NTR, which subsequently increased the internalization of p75NTR, and then transported p75NTR to the lysosome for degradation, ultimately contributing to inhibit of glioma progression. Taken together, our work suggests that SorCS3 is a marker of promising prognosis in GBM patients and suggests that SorCS3 regulates internalization, which plays a pivotal role in inhibiting glioma progression.
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Li D, Zhang J, Li X, Chen Y, Yu F, Liu Q. Insights into lncRNAs in Alzheimer's disease mechanisms. RNA Biol 2021; 18:1037-1047. [PMID: 32605500 PMCID: PMC8216181 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1788848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common dementia among the elderly. The pathophysiology of AD is characterized by two hallmarks: amyloid plaques, produced by amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation, and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT), produced by accumulation of phosphorylated tau. The regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been widely recognized in gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Mounting evidence shows that lncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in AD progression. Here, we review the lncRNAs that implicated in the regulation of Aβ peptide, tau, inflammation, cell death, and other aspects which are the main mechanisms of AD pathology. We also discuss the possible clinical or therapeutic utility of lncRNA detection or targeting to help diagnose or possibly combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingfeng Li
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Abstract
Finding early disease markers using non-invasive and widely available methods is essential to develop a successful therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease. Few studies to date have examined urine, the most readily available biofluid. Here we report the largest study to date using comprehensive metabolic phenotyping platforms (NMR spectroscopy and UHPLC-MS) to probe the urinary metabolome in-depth in people with Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Feature reduction was performed using metabolomic Quantitative Trait Loci, resulting in the list of metabolites associated with the genetic variants. This approach helps accuracy in identification of disease states and provides a route to a plausible mechanistic link to pathological processes. Using these mQTLs we built a Random Forests model, which not only correctly discriminates between people with Alzheimer’s Disease and age-matched controls, but also between individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment who were later diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease and those who were not. Further annotation of top-ranking metabolic features nominated by the trained model revealed the involvement of cholesterol-derived metabolites and small-molecules that were linked to Alzheimer’s pathology in previous studies.
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6
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Wang M, Wang S, Li Y, Cai G, Cao M, Li L. Integrated analysis and network pharmacology approaches to explore key genes of Xingnaojing for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01610. [PMID: 32304290 PMCID: PMC7303382 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), as a neurodegenerative condition, is one of the leading causes of dementia. Our study aims to explore the key genes of Xingnaojing (XNJ) for treatment of AD by integrated microarray analysis and network pharmacology. METHODS The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in AD compared with normal control. According to these DEGs, we performed the functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. The network pharmacology was used to explore the potential targets of XNJ in the treatment of AD. The expression level of selected candidate genes was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS A total of 1,424 DEGs (620 genes were upregulated and 804 genes were downregulated) between AD and normal control were obtained. The functional annotation results displayed that neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, Estrogen signaling pathway and notch signaling pathway were significantly enriched pathways in AD. Comparing the target genes of four active ingredients, a total of 16 shared genes were found. Among which, HTR2A and ADRA2A were also enriched in pathway of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. The expression of 4 DEGs (SORCS3, HTR2A, NEFL, and TAC1) was validated by qRT-PCR. Except for TAC1, the other 3 DEGs in AD were consistent with our integrated analysis. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study may provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of AD and indicate potential therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Wang
- Department of PharmaceuticalAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningChina
| | - Shouyong Wang
- Medication Procurement OfficeAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningChina
| | - Yong Li
- EICUAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningChina
| | - Gaomei Cai
- Department of Neurology WardAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningChina
| | - Min Cao
- Continuing Education OfficeAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningChina
| | - Lanfang Li
- Department of Clinical PharmacyAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningChina
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7
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Crivelli SM, Giovagnoni C, Visseren L, Scheithauer AL, de Wit N, den Hoedt S, Losen M, Mulder MT, Walter J, de Vries HE, Bieberich E, Martinez-Martinez P. Sphingolipids in Alzheimer's disease, how can we target them? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:214-231. [PMID: 31911096 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Altered levels of sphingolipids and their metabolites in the brain, and the related downstream effects on neuronal homeostasis and the immune system, provide a framework for understanding mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders and for developing new intervention strategies. In this review we will discuss: the metabolites of sphingolipids that function as second messengers; and functional aberrations of the pathway resulting in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Focusing on the central product of the sphingolipid pathway ceramide, we describ approaches to pharmacologically decrease ceramide levels in the brain and we argue on how the sphingolipid pathway may represent a new framework for developing novel intervention strategies in AD. We also highlight the possible use of clinical and non-clinical drugs to modulate the sphingolipid pathway and sphingolipid-related biological cascades.
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8
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Sweeney MD, Ayyadurai S, Zlokovic BV. Pericytes of the neurovascular unit: key functions and signaling pathways. Nat Neurosci 2017; 19:771-83. [PMID: 27227366 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 725] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes are vascular mural cells embedded in the basement membrane of blood microvessels. They extend their processes along capillaries, pre-capillary arterioles and post-capillary venules. CNS pericytes are uniquely positioned in the neurovascular unit between endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons. They integrate, coordinate and process signals from their neighboring cells to generate diverse functional responses that are critical for CNS functions in health and disease, including regulation of the blood-brain barrier permeability, angiogenesis, clearance of toxic metabolites, capillary hemodynamic responses, neuroinflammation and stem cell activity. Here we examine the key signaling pathways between pericytes and their neighboring endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons that control neurovascular functions. We also review the role of pericytes in CNS disorders including rare monogenic diseases and complex neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and brain tumors. Finally, we discuss directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D Sweeney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shiva Ayyadurai
- Systems Biology Group, CytoSolve Research Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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9
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Ruan CS, Yang CR, Li JY, Luo HY, Bobrovskaya L, Zhou XF. Mice with Sort1 deficiency display normal cognition but elevated anxiety-like behavior. Exp Neurol 2016; 281:99-108. [PMID: 27118371 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to stressful life events plays a central role in the development of mood disorders in vulnerable individuals. However, the mechanisms that link mood disorders to stress are poorly understood. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has long been implicated in positive regulation of depression and anxiety, while its precursor (proBDNF) recently showed an opposing effect on such mental illnesses. P75(NTR) and sortilin are co-receptors of proBDNF, however, the role of these receptors in mood regulation is not established. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of sortilin in regulating mood-related behaviors and its role in the proBDNF-mediated mood abnormality in mice. We found that sortilin was up-regulated in neocortex (by 78.3%) and hippocampus (by 111%) of chronically stressed mice as assessed by western blot analysis. These changes were associated with decreased mobility in the open field test and increased depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test. We also found that sortilin deficiency in mice resulted in hyperlocomotion in the open field test and increased anxiety-like behavior in both the open field and elevated plus maze tests. No depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test and no deficit in spatial cognition in the Morris water maze test were found in the Sort1-deficient mice. Moreover, the intracellular and extracellular levels of mature BDNF and proBDNF were not changed when sortilin was absent in vivo and in vitro. Finally, we found that both WT and Sort1-deficient mice injected with proBDNF in lateral ventricle displayed increased depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test but not anxiety-like behaviors in the open field and elevated plus maze tests. The present study suggests that sortilin functions as a negative regulator of mood performance and can be a therapeutic target for the treatment of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sheng Ruan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Chun-Rui Yang
- Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Hai-Yun Luo
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000, Australia.
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10
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Ren RJ, Zhang YF, Dammer EB, Zhou Y, Wang LL, Liu XH, Feng BL, Jiang GX, Chen SD, Wang G, Cheng Q. Peripheral Blood MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Alzheimer’s Disease: Screening, Validation, Association with Clinical Phenotype and Implications for Molecular Mechanism. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5772-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Young JE, Boulanger-Weill J, Williams DA, Woodruff G, Buen F, Revilla AC, Herrera C, Israel MA, Yuan SH, Edland SD, Goldstein LSB. Elucidating molecular phenotypes caused by the SORL1 Alzheimer's disease genetic risk factor using human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 16:373-85. [PMID: 25772071 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Predisposition to sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) involves interactions between a person's unique combination of genetic variants and the environment. The molecular effect of these variants may be subtle and difficult to analyze with standard in vitro or in vivo models. Here we used hIPSCs to examine genetic variation in the SORL1 gene and possible contributions to SAD-related phenotypes in human neurons. We found that human neurons carrying SORL1 variants associated with an increased SAD risk show a reduced response to treatment with BDNF, at the level of both SORL1 expression and APP processing. shRNA knockdown of SORL1 demonstrates that the differences in BDNF-induced APP processing between genotypes are dependent on SORL1 expression. We propose that the variation in SORL1 expression induction by BDNF is modulated by common genetic variants and can explain how genetic variation in this one locus can contribute to an individual's risk of developing SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Young
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan Boulanger-Weill
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel A Williams
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Grace Woodruff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Floyd Buen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Arra C Revilla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cheryl Herrera
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mason A Israel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shauna H Yuan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Steven D Edland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lawrence S B Goldstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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12
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Dhungel N, Eleuteri S, Li LB, Kramer NJ, Chartron J, Spencer B, Kosberg K, Fields JA, Klodjan S, Adame A, Lashuel H, Frydman J, Shen K, Masliah E, Gitler AD. Parkinson's disease genes VPS35 and EIF4G1 interact genetically and converge on α-synuclein. Neuron 2015; 85:76-87. [PMID: 25533483 PMCID: PMC4289081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. Functional interactions between some PD genes, like PINK1 and parkin, have been identified, but whether other ones interact remains elusive. Here we report an unexpected genetic interaction between two PD genes, VPS35 and EIF4G1. We provide evidence that EIF4G1 upregulation causes defects associated with protein misfolding. Expression of a sortilin protein rescues these defects, downstream of VPS35, suggesting a potential role for sortilins in PD. We also show interactions between VPS35, EIF4G1, and α-synuclein, a protein with a key role in PD. We extend our findings from yeast to an animal model and show that these interactions are conserved in neurons and in transgenic mice. Our studies reveal unexpected genetic and functional interactions between two seemingly unrelated PD genes and functionally connect them to α-synuclein pathobiology in yeast, worms, and mouse. Finally, we provide a resource of candidate PD genes for future interrogation. VIDEO ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Nripesh Dhungel
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Simona Eleuteri
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| | - Ling-bo Li
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Nicholas J. Kramer
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Justin Chartron
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| | - Kori Kosberg
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| | - Jerel Adam Fields
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| | - Stafa Klodjan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| | - Hilal Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Station 19, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Kang Shen
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 USA,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: A.D.G. or E.M., Aaron D. Gitler, 300 Pasteur Drive, M322 Alway Building, Stanford, CA 94305, 650-725-6991 (phone), 650-725-1534 (fax), , Eliezer Masliah, MTF Bldg, UCSD, 9500, La Jolla, CA 92093,
| | - Aaron D. Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: A.D.G. or E.M., Aaron D. Gitler, 300 Pasteur Drive, M322 Alway Building, Stanford, CA 94305, 650-725-6991 (phone), 650-725-1534 (fax), , Eliezer Masliah, MTF Bldg, UCSD, 9500, La Jolla, CA 92093,
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α(2A) adrenergic receptor promotes amyloidogenesis through disrupting APP-SorLA interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:17296-301. [PMID: 25404298 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1409513111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides in the brain is the key pathogenic factor driving Alzheimer's disease (AD). Endocytic sorting of amyloid precursor protein (APP) mediated by the vacuolar protein sorting (Vps10) family of receptors plays a decisive role in controlling the outcome of APP proteolytic processing and Aβ generation. Here we report for the first time to our knowledge that this process is regulated by a G protein-coupled receptor, the α(2A) adrenergic receptor (α(2A)AR). Genetic deficiency of the α(2A)AR significantly reduces, whereas stimulation of this receptor enhances, Aβ generation and AD-related pathology. Activation of α(2A)AR signaling disrupts APP interaction with a Vps10 family receptor, sorting-related receptor with A repeat (SorLA), in cells and in the mouse brain. As a consequence, activation of α(2A)AR reduces Golgi localization of APP and concurrently promotes APP distribution in endosomes and cleavage by β secretase. The α(2A)AR is a key component of the brain noradrenergic system. Profound noradrenergic dysfunction occurs consistently in patients at the early stages of AD. α(2A)AR-promoted Aβ generation provides a novel mechanism underlying the connection between noradrenergic dysfunction and AD. Our study also suggests α(2A)AR as a previously unappreciated therapeutic target for AD. Significantly, pharmacological blockade of the α(2A)AR by a clinically used antagonist reduces AD-related pathology and ameliorates cognitive deficits in an AD transgenic model, suggesting that repurposing clinical α(2A)R antagonists would be an effective therapeutic strategy for AD.
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