1
|
Horan JC, Kuzmich D, Liu P, DiSalvo D, Lord J, Mao C, Hopkins TD, Yu H, Harcken C, Betageri R, Hill-Drzewi M, Patenaude L, Patel M, Fletcher K, Terenzzio D, Linehan B, Xia H, Patel M, Studwell D, Miller C, Hickey E, Levin JI, Smith D, Kemper RA, Modis LK, Bannen LC, Chan DS, Mac MB, Ng S, Wang Y, Xu W, Lemieux RM. Late-stage optimization of a tercyclic class of S1P3-sparing, S1P1 receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:466-471. [PMID: 26687487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Poor solubility and cationic amphiphilic drug-likeness were liabilities identified for a lead series of S1P3-sparing, S1P1 agonists originally developed from a high-throughput screening campaign. This work describes the subsequent optimization of these leads by balancing potency, selectivity, solubility and overall molecular charge. Focused SAR studies revealed favorable structural modifications that, when combined, produced compounds with overall balanced profiles. The low brain exposure observed in rat suggests that these compounds would be best suited for the potential treatment of peripheral autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Horan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States.
| | - Daniel Kuzmich
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Pingrong Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Darren DiSalvo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - John Lord
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Can Mao
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Tamara D Hopkins
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Hui Yu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Christian Harcken
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Raj Betageri
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Melissa Hill-Drzewi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Lori Patenaude
- Inflammation and Immunology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Monica Patel
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Kimberly Fletcher
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Donna Terenzzio
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Brian Linehan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Heather Xia
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Mita Patel
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Debbie Studwell
- Non-Clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Craig Miller
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Eugene Hickey
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Jeremy I Levin
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Dustin Smith
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Raymond A Kemper
- Non-Clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Louise K Modis
- Inflammation and Immunology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Lynne C Bannen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Diva S Chan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Morrison B Mac
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Stephanie Ng
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, 210 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - René M Lemieux
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fingolimod attenuates splenocyte-induced demyelination in cerebellar slice cultures. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99444. [PMID: 24911000 PMCID: PMC4049809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) is G-protein-coupled, comprised of subtypes S1PR1-S1PR5 and activated by the endogenous ligand S1P. The phosphorylated version of Fingolimod (pFTY720), an oral therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS), induces S1PR1 internalisation in T cells, subsequent insensitivity to S1P gradients and sequestering of these cells within lymphoid organs, thus limiting immune response. S1PRs are also expressed in neuronal and glial cells where pFTY720 is suggested to directly protect against lysolecithin-induced deficits in myelination state in organotypic cerebellar slices. Of note, the effect of pFTY720 on immune cells already migrated into the CNS, prior to treatment, has not been well established. We have previously found that organotypic slice cultures do contain immune cells, which, in principle, could also be regulated by pFTY720 to maintain levels of myelin. Here, a mouse organotypic cerebellar slice and splenocyte co-culture model was thus used to investigate the effects of pFTY720 on splenocyte-induced demyelination. Spleen cells isolated from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunised mice (MOG-splenocytes) or from 2D2 transgenic mice (2D2-splenocytes) both induced demyelination when co-cultured with mouse organotypic cerebellar slices, to a similar extent as lysolecithin. As expected, in vivo treatment of MOG-immunised mice with FTY720 inhibited demyelination induced by MOG-splenocytes. Importantly, in vitro treatment of MOG- and 2D2-splenocytes with pFTY720 also attenuated demyelination caused by these cells. In addition, while in vitro treatment of 2D2-splenocytes with pFTY720 did not alter cell phenotype, pFTY720 inhibited the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin 6 (IL6) from these cells. This work suggests that treatment of splenocytes by pFTY720 attenuates demyelination and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine release, which likely contributes to enhanced myelination state induced by pFTY720 in organotypic cerebellar slices.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sheridan GK, Dev KK. Targeting S1P receptors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice improves early deficits in locomotor activity and increases ultrasonic vocalisations. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5051. [PMID: 24851861 PMCID: PMC4031479 DOI: 10.1038/srep05051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod (FTY720) is an oral therapy for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and targets sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs). FTY720 also rescues animals from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. The protective effects of FTY720 in EAE are primarily scored manually by examining weight loss and limb paralysis that begins around 10-12 days after immunisation. To our knowledge, pre-clinical effects of FTY720 on animal behaviour early in EAE have not been explored. Here, we developed an automated behaviour monitoring system to examine the early effects of FTY720 on subtle pre-symptomatic behaviour of mice induced with EAE. Our automated home-cage monitoring system (AHC-MS) enabled non-contact detection of movement and ultrasonic vocalisations (USVs) of mice induced with EAE, thus allowing detection of subtle changes in mouse behaviour before paralysis occurs. Mice receiving FTY720 emit longer USVs and display higher levels of motor activity than vehicle-treated EAE mice before clinical symptoms become apparent. Importantly, this study promotes the 3Rs ethics (replacement, reduction and refinement) in the EAE animal model and may also improve pre-screening of potentially novel MS therapies. In addition, this is the first report showing the early effects of FTY720 in EAE which underscores its protective effects.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Female
- Fingolimod Hydrochloride
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Lysophospholipids/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Motor Activity/physiology
- Propylene Glycols/pharmacology
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/genetics
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/metabolism
- Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives
- Sphingosine/metabolism
- Sphingosine/pharmacology
- Vocalization, Animal/drug effects
- Vocalization, Animal/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham K. Sheridan
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Current address: Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Kumlesh K. Dev
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|