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Venketasubramanian N, Yeo TT, Chen CLH. Translational Medicine in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury-NeuroAiD Trials, from Traditional Beliefs to Evidence-Based Therapy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:680. [PMID: 38927083 PMCID: PMC11202287 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are two severe neurological events, both being major causes of death and prolonged impairment. Their incidence continues to rise due to the global increase in the number of people at risk, representing a significant burden on those remaining impaired, their families, and society. These molecular and cellular mechanisms of both stroke and TBI present similarities that can be targeted by treatments with a multimodal mode of action, such as traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, we performed a detailed review of the preclinical and clinical development of MLC901 (NeuroAiDTMII), a natural multi-herbal formulation targeting several biological pathways at the origin of the clinical deficits. The endogenous neurobiological processes of self-repair initiated by the brain in response to the onset of brain injury are often insufficient to achieve complete recovery of impaired functions. This review of MLC901 and its parent formulation MLC601 confirms that it amplifies the natural self-repair process of brain tissue after AIS or TBI. Following AIS and TBI where "time is brain", many patients enter the post-acute phase with their functions still impaired, a period when "the brain needs time to repair itself". The treatment goal must be to accelerate recovery as much as possible. MLC901/601 demonstrated a significant reduction by 18 months of recovery time compared to a placebo, indicating strong potential for facilitating the improvement of health outcomes and the more efficient use of healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tseng Tsai Yeo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Christopher Li Hsian Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Blk MD3, 16 Medical Drive, #04-01, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
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2
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Ji L, Fu A, Liu C, Xi Y, Cui S, Gao N, Yang L, Shang W, Ma N, He G, Yang Z. A novel lysosomal targeted near-infrared probe for ratio detection of carbon monoxide in cells and in vivo. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 311:123987. [PMID: 38330761 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) as an endogenous gas signaling molecule possesses important physiological functions and is of great significance in the treatment of various diseases. Real-time tracking of CO in living organisms has become a research hotspot in recent years. This article presents a lysosomal targeted near-infrared ratio fluorescence probe (TBM-CO) for selective detection of CO based on the dicyanoisophorone skeleton and morpholine fragment. The probe TBM-CO with weak ICT effect can be transformed to precursor TBM-NH2 with strong ICT effect by the traditional Tsuji-Trost reaction procession in the presence of Pd2+ ions. The mechanism was proved by DFT calculation or the MS and HPLC results respectively. In the near-infrared region an obvious ratio fluorescence intensity change (F686 / F616) is observed in vitro spectral experiments. The concentration titration experiments indicate that there is a good liner relationship between the ratio fluorescence intensity and the concentration in the range of 0 to 50 μM (R2 = 0.996) and the detection limit is calculated as 0.38 μM. The cell fluorescence imaging and co-localization experiments further demonstrate that TBM-CO is able to detect the exogenous and endogenous CO in lysosomal subcellular organelle. Finally, it was used to detect the changes of CO concentration in living mice successfully. In short, a probe with three advantages of near-infrared emission, ratiometric fluorescence and organelle targeting was reported and used to detect CO successfully in cells and in living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Ji
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Aoxiang Fu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yanbei Xi
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Shaoli Cui
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Na Gao
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Wanbing Shang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Nana Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Guangjie He
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China.
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Siracusa R, Voltarelli VA, Trovato Salinaro A, Modafferi S, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese EJ, Di Paola R, Otterbein LE, Calabrese V. NO, CO and H 2S: A Trinacrium of Bioactive Gases in the Brain. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115122. [PMID: 35679892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are time honored gases that have direct bearing on almost all life forms, but over the past thirty years, and in large part due to the Nobel Prize Award in Medicine for the elucidation of nitric oxide (NO) as a bioactive gas, the research and medical communities now recognize other gases as critical for survival. In addition to NO, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) have emerged as a triumvirate or Trinacrium of gases with analogous importance and that serve important homeostatic functions. Perhaps, one of the most intriguing aspects of these gases is the functional interaction between them, which is intimately linked by the enzyme systems that produce them. Despite the need to better understand NO, H2S and CO biology, the notion that these are environmental pollutants remains ever present. For this reason, incorporating the concept of hormesis becomes imperative and must be included in discussions when considering developing new therapeutics that involve these gases. While there is now an enormous literature base for each of these gasotransmitters, we provide here an overview of their respective physiologic roles in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Vanessa A Voltarelli
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Chintamen S, Imessadouene F, Kernie SG. Immune Regulation of Adult Neurogenic Niches in Health and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:571071. [PMID: 33551746 PMCID: PMC7855589 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.571071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia regulate neuronal development during embryogenesis, postnatal development, and in specialized microenvironments of the adult brain. Recent evidence demonstrates that in adulthood, microglia secrete factors which modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis by inhibiting cell proliferation and survival both in vitro and in vivo, maintaining a balance between cell division and cell death in neurogenic niches. These resident immune cells also shape the nervous system by actively pruning synapses during critical periods of learning and engulfing excess neurons. In neurodegenerative diseases, aberrant microglial activity can impede the proper formation and prevent the development of appropriate functional properties of adult born granule cells. Ablating microglia has been presented as a promising therapeutic approach to alleviate the brain of maladaptive immune response. Here, we review key mechanisms through which the immune system actively shapes neurogenic niches throughout the lifespan of the mammalian brain in both health and disease. We discuss how interactions between immune cells and developing neurons may be leveraged for pharmacological intervention and as a means to preserve adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Chintamen
- Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Fefere Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fatima Imessadouene
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Fefere Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Steven G Kernie
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Fefere Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Esteban-Garcia N, Nombela C, Garrosa J, Rascón-Ramirez FJ, Barcia JA, Sánchez-Sánchez-Rojas L. Neurorestoration Approach by Biomaterials in Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:431. [PMID: 32477053 PMCID: PMC7235425 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of disability in the western world, assuming a high socio-economic cost. One of the most used strategies in the last decade has been biomaterials, which have been initially used with a structural support function. They have been perfected, different compounds have been combined, and they have been used together with cell therapy or controlled release chemical compounds. This double function has driven them as potential candidates for the chronic treatment of IS. In fact, the most developed are in different phases of clinical trial. In this review, we will show the ischemic scenario and address the most important criteria to achieve a successful neuroreparation from the point of view of biomaterials. The spontaneous processes that are activated and how to enhance them is one of the keys that contribute to the success of the therapeutic approach. In addition, the different routes of administration and how they affect the design of biomaterials are analyzed. Future perspectives show where this broad scientific field is heading, which advances every day with the help of technology and advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Esteban-Garcia
- Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Therapies Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Nombela
- Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Therapies Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Garrosa
- Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Therapies Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Antonio Barcia
- Neurosurgery Department, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Chair of Neurosurgery Department, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leyre Sánchez-Sánchez-Rojas
- Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Therapies Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Sabbaghziarani F, Mortezaee K, Akbari M, Kashani IR, Soleimani M, Moini A, Ataeinejad N, Zendedel A, Hassanzadeh G. Retinoic acid-pretreated Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells in combination with triiodothyronine improve expression of neurotrophic factors in the subventricular zone of the rat ischemic brain injury. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:185-193. [PMID: 27549229 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the consequence of limited blood flow to the brain with no established treatment to reduce the neurological deficits. Focusing on therapeutic protocols in targeting subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis has been investigated recently. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of retinoic acid (RA)-pretreated Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) in combination with triiodothyronine (T3) in the ischemia stroke model. Male Wistar rats were used to induce focal cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). There were seven groups of six animals: Sham, Ischemic, WJ-MSCs, RA-pretreated WJ-MSCs, T3, WJ-MSCs +T3, and RA-pretreated WJ-MSCs + T3. The treatment was performed at 24 h after ischemia, and animals were sacrificed one week later for assessments of retinoid X receptor β (RXRβ), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Sox2 and nestin in the SVZ. Pro-inflammatory cytokines in sera were measured at days four and seven after ischemia. RXRβ, BDNF, Sox2 and nestin had the significant expressions in gene and protein levels in the treatment groups, compared with the ischemic group, which were more vivid in the RA-pretreated WJ-MSCs + T3 (p ≤ 0.05). The same trend was also resulted for the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 at four days after ischemia (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, application of RA-pretreated WJ-MSCs + T3 could be beneficial in exerting better neurotrophic function probably via modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sabbaghziarani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akbari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Soleimani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Roointan Arash women's Health Research and Education Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Ataeinejad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran, Iran.
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Sabbaghziarani F, Mortezaee K, Akbari M, Kashani IR, Soleimani M, Hassanzadeh G, Zendedel A. Stimulation of neurotrophic factors and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines by exogenous application of triiodothyronine in the rat model of ischemic stroke. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:50-55. [PMID: 28083964 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a positive relation between decreases of triiodothyronine (T3) amounts and severity of stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous T3 application on levels of neurogenesis markers in the subventricular zone. Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in male Wistar rats. There were 4 experimental groups: sham, ischemic, vehicle, and treatment. Rats were injected with T3 (25 μg/kg, IV injection) at 24 hours after ischemia. Animals were sacrificed at day 7 after ischemia. There were high levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nestin, and Sox2 expressions in gene and protein levels in the T3 treatment group (P ≤ .05 vs ischemic group). Treatment group showed high levels of sera T3 and thyroxine (T4) but low levels of thyrotropin (TSH), tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 (P ≤ .05 vs ischemic group) at day 4 after ischemia induction. Findings of this study revealed the effectiveness of exogenous T3 application in the improvement of neurogenesis possibly via regulation of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sabbaghziarani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akbari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Giulan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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