1
|
Kim HM, Koo JS. Programmed death-ligand 1 expression in carcinoma of unknown primary. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:689. [PMID: 38844907 PMCID: PMC11155179 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) and its potential implications. Tissue microarrays were constructed for 72 CUP cases (histologic subtypes: 22 adenocarcinoma, 15 poorly differentiated carcinoma, 19 squamous cell carcinoma, and 14 undifferentiated carcinoma; clinical subtype: favorable type 17 [23.6%], unfavorable type 55 [76.4%]), with immunohistochemical staining performed for PD-L1 (22C3, SP142, SP263, and 28 - 8), CK7, and CK20 to determine the association between staining results and clinicopathological parameters. In CUP, the PD-L1 positivity rate was 5.6-48.6% (tumor cells [TC] or tumor proportion score [TPS]: 5.6-36.1%, immune cell score [IC]: 8.3-48.6%, combined positive score [CPS]: 16.7%) using different cutoff values for 22C3 (TPS ≥ 1%, CPS ≥ 10), SP142 (TC ≥ 50%, IC ≥ 10%), SP263, and 28 - 8 (TC and IC ≥ 1%). PD-L1 SP142 TC and PD-L1 SP263 IC showed the lowest (5.6%) and highest (48.6%) positivity rates, respectively. The PD-L1 positivity rate did not significantly differ based on the histologic subtype, clinical subtype, or CK7/CK20 across clones. Considering TC κ ≥ 1%, TC κ ≥ 50%, IC κ ≥ 1%, and IC κ ≥ 10%, the PD-L1 positivity rate was TC = 4.2-36.1% and IC = 9.7-48.6%; the overall agreement between antibodies ranged from 69.4 to 93.1%, showing fair or better agreement (κ ≥ 0.21). In CUP, PD-L1 positivity varied depending on antibodies and scoring systems, with no difference observed according to histologic or clinical subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schulz B, Leitner E, Schreiber T, Lindner T, Schwarz R, Aboutara N, Ma Y, Escobar HM, Palme R, Hinz B, Vollmar B, Zechner D. Sex Matters-Insights from Testing Drug Efficacy in an Animal Model of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1901. [PMID: 38791980 PMCID: PMC11120498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies rarely test the efficacy of therapies in both sexes. The field of oncology is no exception in this regard. In a model of syngeneic, orthotopic, metastasized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma we evaluated the impact of sex on pathological features of this disease as well as on the efficacy and possible adverse side effects of a novel, small molecule-based therapy inhibiting KRAS:SOS1, MEK1/2 and PI3K signaling in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Male mice had less tumor infiltration of CD8-positive cells, developed bigger tumors, had more lung metastasis and a lower probability of survival compared to female mice. These more severe pathological features in male animals were accompanied by higher distress at the end of the experiment. The evaluated inhibitors BI-3406, trametinib and BKM120 showed synergistic effects in vitro. This combinatorial therapy reduced tumor weight more efficiently in male animals, although the drug concentrations were similar in the tumors of both sexes. These results underline the importance of sex-specific preclinical research and at the same time provide a solid basis for future studies with the tested compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schulz
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (B.S.)
| | - Emily Leitner
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (B.S.)
| | - Tim Schreiber
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (B.S.)
| | - Tobias Lindner
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Rico Schwarz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nadine Aboutara
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Department of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (B.S.)
| | - Dietmar Zechner
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kawada T, Yanagisawa T, Rajwa P, Motlagh RS, Mostafaei H, Quhal F, Laukhtina E, Pallauf M, König F, Pradere B, Araki M, Nasu Y, Shariat SF. The Prognostic Value of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes After Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:535-543.e4. [PMID: 38336572 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess the prognostic value of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with bladder cancer (BC) after radical cystectomy (RC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus in April 2022 to identify studies assessing the prognostic value of TILs, including a subset of lymphocytes (eg, CD3, CD8, FOXP3), after RC. The endpoints were overall survival and recurrent free survival. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the evaluation method for TILs (ie, CD3, CD8, FOXP3, HE staining). RESULTS Overall, 9 studies comprising 1413 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that elevated expressions of TILs were significantly associated with favorable OS (pooled hazard ratio [HR]: 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51-0.83) and RFS (pooled HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.35-0.64). In subgroup analyses, high CD8+ TILs were also associated with favorable OS (HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.33-0.80) and RFS (pooled HR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.36-0.76). Among 3 studies comprising 146 patients, high intratumoral TILs were significantly associated with favorable OS (pooled HR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.19-0.60). CONCLUSION TILs are useful prognostic markers in patients treated with RC for BC. Although the prognostic value of TILs is varied, depending on the subset and infiltration site, CD8+ TILs and intratumoral TILs are associated with oncologic outcomes. Further studies are warranted to explicate the predictive value of TILs on the response to perioperative systemic therapy to help clinical decision-making in patients with BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Kawada
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yanagisawa
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pawel Rajwa
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Reza Sari Motlagh
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Mostafaei
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fahad Quhal
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekaterina Laukhtina
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Pallauf
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Frederik König
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pradere
- Department of Urology, La Croix Du Sud Hospital, Quint-Fonsegrives, France
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Nasu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prag, Czech Republic; Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria; Research Center for Evidence Medicine, Urology Department Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maiorano BA, Di Maio M, Cerbone L, Maiello E, Procopio G, Roviello G. Significance of PD-L1 in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e241215. [PMID: 38446479 PMCID: PMC10918499 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have broadened the metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) therapeutic scenario. The association of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) with response and survival in patients treated with ICIs is still controversial. Objectives To evaluate the association of PD-L1 with response rate and overall survival among patients with mUC treated with ICIs. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Society for Medical Oncology Meeting Libraries, and Web of Science were searched up to December 10, 2023. Study Selection Two authors independently screened the studies. Included studies were randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials enrolling patients with mUC receiving ICIs with available overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), or overall response rate (ORR) data, separated between patients with PD-L1-positive and -negative tumors. Data Extraction and Synthesis The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline was followed. Two reviewers independently extracted data. Fixed- or random-effects models were used depending on the heterogeneity among the studies. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were odds ratios (ORs) for ORR and hazard ratios (HRs) for OS, comparing patients with PD-L1-positive tumors and patients with PD-L1-negative tumors. Secondary outcomes were the PFS HR between patients with PD-L1-positive and -negative tumors and OS HR between ICI arms and non-ICI arms of only randomized clinical trials. Results A total of 14 studies were selected, comprising 5271 patients treated with ICIs (2625 patients had PD-L1-positive tumors). The ORR was 13.8% to 78.6% in patients with PD-L1-positive tumors and 5.1% to 63.2% in patients with PD-L1-negative tumors, with an association between PD-L1 status and ORR favoring patients with PD-L1-positive tumors (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.47-2.56; P < .001). Median OS ranged from 8.4 to 24.1 months in patients with PD-L1-positive tumors and from 6.0 to 19.1 months in patients with PD-L1-negative tumors. The pooled HR showed a significant reduction for patients with PD-L1-positive tumors compared with those with PD-L1-negative tumors in the risk of death (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.89; P = .003) and risk of progression (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.44-0.69; P < .001) when ICIs were administered. PD-L1 is not likely to be a predictive biomarker of ICI response. Conclusions and Relevance This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that PD-L1 expression is associated with improved ORR, OS, and PFS for patients with mUC who receive ICIs, but it is unlikely to be useful as a predictive biomarker. Developing predictive biomarkers is essential to select patients most likely to benefit from ICIs and avoid toxic effects and financial burden with these agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Oncology Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Medical Oncology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Linda Cerbone
- Oncology Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Oncology Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Procopio
- Unit of Genito-Urinary Medical Oncology, IRCCS Foundation Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mahalingam D, Chen S, Xie P, Loghmani H, Heineman T, Kalyan A, Kircher S, Helenowski IB, Mi X, Maurer V, Coffey M, Mulcahy M, Benson A, Zhang B. Combination of pembrolizumab and pelareorep promotes anti-tumour immunity in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Br J Cancer 2023; 129:782-790. [PMID: 37443348 PMCID: PMC10449917 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported activity of pelareorep, pembrolizumab and chemotherapy. Patients developed new T-cell clones and increased peripheral T-cell clonality, leading to an inflamed tumour. To evaluate a chemotherapy-free regimen, this study assesses if pelareorep and pembrolizumab has efficacy by inducing anti-tumour immunological changes (NCT03723915). METHODS PDAC patients who progressed after first-line therapy, received iv pelareorep induction with pembrolizumab every 21-days. Primary objective is overall response rate. Secondary objectives included evaluation of immunological changes within tumour and blood. RESULTS Clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 42% amongst 12 patients. One patient achieved partial response (PR) and four stable disease (SD). Seven progressed, deemed non-responders (NR). VDAC1 expression in peripheral CD8+ T cells was higher at baseline in CBR than NR but decreased in CBR upon treatment. On-treatment peripheral CD4+ Treg levels decreased in CBR but not in NR. Analysis of tumour demonstrated PD-L1+ cells touching CD8+ T cells, and NK cells were more abundant post-treatment vs. baseline. A higher intensity of PD-L1 in tumour infiltrates at baseline, particularly in CBR vs. NR. Finally, higher levels of soluble (s)IDO, sLag3, sPD-1 observed at baseline among NR vs. CBR. CONCLUSION Pelareorep and pembrolizumab showed modest efficacy in unselected patients, although potential immune and metabolic biomarkers were identified to warrant further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devalingam Mahalingam
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Siqi Chen
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ping Xie
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Aparna Kalyan
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sheetal Kircher
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irene B Helenowski
- Quantitative Data Sciences Core, Department of Preventative Medicine, Biostatistics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinlei Mi
- Quantitative Data Sciences Core, Department of Preventative Medicine, Biostatistics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Maurer
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Mary Mulcahy
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Al- Benson
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu J, Xie RY, Wei LH, Cao CZ, Shang BQ, Guan YY, Shi HZ, Qu W, Li Y, Liang J, Zheng S, Zhou AP, Zhou XF, Shou JZ, Bi XG. Dynamic alteration and prognostic significance of tumor-associated CD68 + and CD68 + PD-L1 - macrophages in muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4981-4992. [PMID: 36043478 PMCID: PMC9972069 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to investigate the dynamic alteration and prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and PD-L1 status of immune cells in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). METHODS Multiplex immunofluorescence staining was performed to examine CD68+ TAM, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, FOXP3+ Treg cell, and PD-L1 expression in paired MIBC tissues (n = 54) before and after NAC. Patients were then divided into definite responders (DR), (≤pT1) and incomplete responders (IR). RESULTS There was no significant difference between DR and IR cohorts for the immune cell infiltration levels at the baseline status. Tobacco history was identified to be associated with worse NAC efficacy. CD68+ (stroma area: p = 0.025; tumor area: p = 0.028; total area: p = 0.013) and CD68+ PD-L1- (stroma area: p = 0.035; tumor area: p = 0.013 total area: p = 0.014) TAMs infiltration levels decreased significantly after NAC, while there was no significant difference of CD68+ PD-L1+ and TILs. The infiltration of CD68+ (p = 0.033), CD68+ PD-L1- (p = 0.033), and CD68+ PD-L1+ (p < 0.001) TAMs in stroma area were significantly associated with poorer disease-free survival rate (DFS) of MIBC patients. CONCLUSION CD68+ and CD68+ PD-L1- TAMs infiltration levels decreased significantly after NAC and pre-treatment TAM infiltration levels were independent prognostic factors for MIBC patients. While there was no sufficient evidence demonstrating that pre-treatment TILs or TAMs could predict response to NAC in MIBC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Yang Xie
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Hui Wei
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan-Zhen Cao
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Qing Shang
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - You-Yan Guan
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Zhe Shi
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Ping Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhou
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Shou
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Gang Bi
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Downregulation of PTCD1 in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Predicts Poor Prognosis and Levels of Immune Infiltration. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1146186. [PMID: 35799606 PMCID: PMC9256401 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1146186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat domain 1 (PTCD1) was reported to regulate mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. However, the effect and mechanism of PTCD1 in the development of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) remain unclear. The databases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) were used to analyze the expression changes, clinical features, and prognostic values of PTCD1. A nomogram was built to predict the prognostic outcomes of BLCA cases. The potential genes interacting with PTCD1 were explored by Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA). The estimation of associations between PTCD1 and tumor mutations, tumor immunities, and m6A methylations was performed. The study found that the gradual decrease of PTCD1 expression was observed with the increase of stage and grade. Low PTCD1 expression was greatly correlated with higher pathological stage, N stage, and poor prognosis in TCGA cohorts; interestingly, low-grade BLCA cases all exhibited high expression of PTCD1. HPA database analysis implied that the expression of PTCD1 protein in BLCA was lower than that in normal bladder tissue, and the protein expression of PTCD1 in high-grade BLCA was lower than that in low-grade BLCA. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that PTCD1 may serve as an independent factor influencing prognosis of BLCA. Mechanistically, PTCD1 played a regulatory role in BLCA progression through multiple tumor-related pathways containing PI3K-Akt signaling, ECM-receptor interaction, oxidative phosphorylation, and extracellular matrix organization. WGCNA reported that PTCD1 had a strong positive correlation with POLR2J, ZNHT1, ATP5MF, PDAP1, BUD31, and COPS6. Besides, the mRNA expression of PTCD1 was negatively associated with immune cells' infiltrations, immune functions, and checkpoints, especially with some m6A methylation regulators in BLCA. In sum, downregulation of PTCD1 expression may be involved in the development of BLCA and remarkably correlated with poor prognosis. Meantime, it showed an influence in immune cell infiltration and may serve as an agreeable prognostic indicator in BLCA.
Collapse
|
8
|
Soluble Levels of CD163, PD-L1, and IL-10 in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020336. [PMID: 35204426 PMCID: PMC8871202 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD163+ M2 macrophages have been suggested to counteract tumor immunity by increasing immunosuppressive mechanisms including PD-L1 and IL-10 expression. Soluble levels of PD-L1, IL-10, and CD163 have been reported as potential biomarkers in various cancers, although the prognostic value in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has to be further elucidated. In the present study, we measured the levels of sPD-L1, sIL-10, and sCD163 in 144 blood samples from patients with RCC. The levels were determined by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Soluble PD-L1 and CD163 were detectable in 100% of the serum samples, and sCD163 in 22% of the urine samples, while only a minority of the samples had detectable sIL-10. Significantly higher serum levels of sPD-L1 and sCD163 were observed in patients with metastatic disease (p < 0.05). The results also showed that patients with high levels of sPD-L1 in serum had shorter cancer-specific survival compared with patients with low levels (p = 0.002). The results indicate that sPD-L1 most significantly reflects tumor progression in RCC.
Collapse
|