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Miller AM, Lemke-Miltner CD, Blackwell S, Tomanek-Chalkley A, Gibson-Corely KN, Coleman KL, Weiner GJ, Chan CHF. Intraperitoneal CMP-001: A Novel Immunotherapy for Treating Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Gastrointestinal and Pancreaticobiliary Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:1187-1197. [PMID: 32409965 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment options for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of gastrointestinal and pancreaticobiliary origins are limited. The virus-like particle, CMP-001, composed of the Qβ bacteriophage capsid protein encapsulating a CpG-A oligodeoxynucleotide, activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and triggers interferon alpha (IFNα) release, leading to a cascade of anti-tumor immune effects. METHODS To evaluate the ability of CMP-001 to trigger an immune response in patients with PC, peritoneal cells were isolated and stimulated ex vivo with CMP-001. Both IFNα release and percentage of pDC were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry, respectively. To evaluate the anti-tumor response in vivo, murine PC models were generated using mouse cancer cell lines (Panc02 and MC38) in immunocompetent mice treated with intraperitoneal CMP-001 or saline control. Survival was followed, and the immunophenotype of cells in the peritoneal tumor microenvironment was evaluated. RESULTS The pDCs accounted for 1% (range 0.1-3.9%; n = 17) of the isolated peritoneal cells. Ex vivo CMP-001 stimulation of the peritoneal cells released an average of 0.77 ng/ml of IFNα (range, 0-4700 pg/ml; n = 14). The IFNα concentration was proportional to the percentage of pDCs present in the peritoneal cell mixture (r = 0.6; p = 0.037). In murine PC models, intraperitoneal CMP-001 treatment elicited an anti-tumor immune response including an increase in chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1β), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, interleukin 6 [IL-6], and IL-12), and peritoneal/tumor immune infiltration (CD4+/CD8+ T and natural killer [NK] cells). The CMP-001 treatment improved survival in both the Panc02 (median, 35 vs 28 days) and the MC38 (median: 57 vs 35 days) PC models (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS As a novel immunotherapeutic agent, CMP-001 may be effective for treating patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Caitlin D Lemke-Miltner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sue Blackwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ann Tomanek-Chalkley
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corely
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kristen L Coleman
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - George J Weiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Carlos H F Chan
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. .,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Zhao J, Chen G, Pang X, Zhang P, Hou X, Chen P, Xie YW, He CY, Wang Z, Chen ZY. Calcium phosphate nanoneedle based gene delivery system for cancer genetic immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2020; 250:120072. [PMID: 32361307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has become one of the most common gynecological cancers with a high mortality. However, conventional surgery together with combination chemotherapy is difficult to achieve ideal therapeutic effect. Although genetic immunotherapy is applied to active immune responses against cancer, the absence of efficient in vivo gene delivery technique is still an obstacle in clinical application. To overcome these problems, a minicircle DNA vector encoding humanized anti-EpCAM/CD3 bispecific antibody (BsAbEPH) has been constructed. Moreover, different shapes of calcium phosphate (CaPO) biomaterials were prepared. Specifically, the CaPO-nanoneedle-mediated "cell perforation" transfection technology achieves high levels of gene expression in peritoneal cavity. In an intraperitoneal xenograft model with human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3, the CaPO-nanoneedle/minicircle DNA system expressed BsAbEPH resulted in significant retardation of cancer growth and extension of mouse life-span with limited toxicity. And this system can be made as off-the-shelf and easy-to-use products. Therefore, CaPO-nanoneedle based non-viral gene delivery technology will have great potential in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 18107, PR China; Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Guochuang Chen
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Syno Minicircle Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Pang
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Syno Minicircle Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Peifa Zhang
- Syno Minicircle Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Hou
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Syno Minicircle Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Ping Chen
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Syno Minicircle Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Yi-Wu Xie
- Syno Minicircle Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Cheng-Yi He
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Syno Minicircle Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 18107, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Zhi-Ying Chen
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Syno Minicircle Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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3
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Reha J, Katz SC. Regional immunotherapy for liver and peritoneal metastases. J Surg Oncol 2017; 116:46-54. [PMID: 28543176 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a biologically aggressive disease, with liver and peritoneal metastases being a frequent cause of death. We examine how the pancreatic carcinoma microenvironment and immunosuppressive landscape favor tumor progression. Immunotherapy has shown promise in select solid tumors, yet challenges remain in applying these gains to stage IV pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We discuss how regional therapy strategies may be leveraged to open new avenues for treating pancreatic carcinoma metastases with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Reha
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, RI/Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Steven C Katz
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, RI/Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
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Ströhlein MA, Heiss MM, Jauch KW. The current status of immunotherapy in peritoneal carcinomatosis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 16:1019-27. [PMID: 27530056 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2016.1224666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a cancer disease with an urgent need for effective treatment. Conventional chemotherapy failed to show acceptable results. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic chemoperfusion (HIPEC) are only beneficial in few patients with resectable peritoneal metastasis. Immunotherapy could be attractive against PC, as all requirements for immunotherapy are available in the peritoneal cavity. AREAS COVERED This review analyzes the present literature for immunotherapy of PC. Advances from immune stimulators, radionucleotide-conjugated- and bispecific antibodies to future developments like adoptive engineered T-cells with chimeric receptors are discussed. The clinical development of catumaxomab, which was the first intraperitoneal immunotherapy to be approved for clinical treatment, is discussed. The requirements for future developments are illustrated. Expert commentary: Immunotherapy of peritoneal carcinomatosis is manageable, showing striking cancer cell killing. Improved profiles of adverse events by therapy-induced cytokine release, enhanced specific killing and optimal treatment schedules within multimodal treatment will be key factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Alfred Ströhlein
- a Department of Abdominal, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center , Witten/Herdecke University , Cologne , Germany
| | - Markus Maria Heiss
- a Department of Abdominal, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center , Witten/Herdecke University , Cologne , Germany
| | - Karl-Walter Jauch
- b Medical Center of the Ludwig Maximilian University Munich , Munich , Germany
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Steinmetz A, Vallée F, Beil C, Lange C, Baurin N, Beninga J, Capdevila C, Corvey C, Dupuy A, Ferrari P, Rak A, Wonerow P, Kruip J, Mikol V, Rao E. CODV-Ig, a universal bispecific tetravalent and multifunctional immunoglobulin format for medical applications. MAbs 2016; 8:867-78. [PMID: 26984268 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1162932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bispecific immunoglobulins (Igs) typically contain at least two distinct variable domains (Fv) that bind to two different target proteins. They are conceived to facilitate clinical development of biotherapeutic agents for diseases where improved clinical outcome is obtained or expected by combination therapy compared to treatment by single agents. Almost all existing formats are linear in their concept and differ widely in drug-like and manufacture-related properties. To overcome their major limitations, we designed cross-over dual variable Ig-like proteins (CODV-Ig). Their design is akin to the design of circularly closed repeat architectures. Indeed, initial results showed that the traditional approach of utilizing (G4S)x linkers for biotherapeutics design does not identify functional CODV-Igs. Therefore, we applied an unprecedented molecular modeling strategy for linker design that consistently results in CODV-Igs with excellent biochemical and biophysical properties. CODV architecture results in a circular self-contained structure functioning as a self-supporting truss that maintains the parental antibody affinities for both antigens without positional effects. The format is universally suitable for therapeutic applications targeting both circulating and membrane-localized proteins. Due to the full functionality of the Fc domains, serum half-life extension as well as antibody- or complement-dependent cytotoxicity may support biological efficiency of CODV-Igs. We show that judicious choice in combination of epitopes and paratope orientations of bispecific biotherapeutics is anticipated to be critical for clinical outcome. Uniting the major advantages of alternative bispecific biotherapeutics, CODV-Igs are applicable in a wide range of disease areas for fast-track multi-parametric drug optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Steinmetz
- c Sanofi R&D, LGCR, Center de Recherche Vitry-sur-Seine , Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex , France
| | - François Vallée
- c Sanofi R&D, LGCR, Center de Recherche Vitry-sur-Seine , Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex , France
| | - Christian Beil
- a Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Global Biotherapeutics, Industriepark Hoechst , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Christian Lange
- a Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Global Biotherapeutics, Industriepark Hoechst , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Nicolas Baurin
- c Sanofi R&D, LGCR, Center de Recherche Vitry-sur-Seine , Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex , France
| | - Jochen Beninga
- a Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Global Biotherapeutics, Industriepark Hoechst , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Cécile Capdevila
- b Sanofi R&D, Global Biotherapeutics, Center de Recherche Vitry-sur-Seine , Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex , France
| | - Carsten Corvey
- a Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Global Biotherapeutics, Industriepark Hoechst , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Alain Dupuy
- c Sanofi R&D, LGCR, Center de Recherche Vitry-sur-Seine , Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex , France
| | - Paul Ferrari
- b Sanofi R&D, Global Biotherapeutics, Center de Recherche Vitry-sur-Seine , Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex , France
| | - Alexey Rak
- c Sanofi R&D, LGCR, Center de Recherche Vitry-sur-Seine , Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex , France
| | - Peter Wonerow
- a Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Global Biotherapeutics, Industriepark Hoechst , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Jochen Kruip
- a Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Global Biotherapeutics, Industriepark Hoechst , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Vincent Mikol
- c Sanofi R&D, LGCR, Center de Recherche Vitry-sur-Seine , Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex , France
| | - Ercole Rao
- a Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Global Biotherapeutics, Industriepark Hoechst , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
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Ward K, Amaya C, Verma K, Tran D, Diaz D, Torabi A, Bryan BA. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule is expressed in a subset of sarcomas and correlates to the degree of cytological atypia in leiomyosarcomas. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:31-36. [PMID: 25469266 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a protein involved in cell-to-cell attachment and is considered to be strictly expressed in epithelial tissues and epithelial-derived tumors. Furthermore, EpCAM has been shown to be a negative prognostic marker for several carcinomas. In this study, we performed a genomic meta-analysis of gene expression profiles housed in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia to demonstrate that EpCAM mRNA is expressed at low to moderate levels in certain sarcoma cell lines. We utilized immunohistochemical staining to confirm that the EpCAM protein is expressed in a subset of angiosarcomas and leiomyosarcomas and in all the investigated osteosarcomas. Finally, we conducted a statistical analysis of clinical data to demonstrate that EpCAM protein expression is significantly and directly correlated with the degree of cytological atypia in leiomyosarcomas. In conclusion, this data suggests that, contrary to conventional beliefs, EpCAM is expressed in a subset of sarcomas and is a negative prognostic marker for leiomyosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Ward
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Clarissa Amaya
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Kundan Verma
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Dat Tran
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Dolores Diaz
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Alireza Torabi
- Departments of Pathology, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Brad A Bryan
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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7
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Kitayama J. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy against peritoneal carcinomatosis: current status and future perspective. Surg Oncol 2014; 23:99-106. [PMID: 24721661 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), caused by advanced abdominal malignancies, such as those of the ovarian and gastrointestinal tracts, has an extremely poor prognosis. Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy has been clinically applied for several decades, but its clinical efficacy has not been fully determined. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the optimal treatment for selected patients with ovarian and colorectal cancers with PC. Recent studies suggest that IP administration of taxane with systemic chemotherapy in a neoadjuvant setting improves patient survival in gastric cancer with PC. The pharmacokinetics of IP-administered drugs should be primarily considered in order to optimize IP chemotherapy. Therefore, the development of specific IP drugs using newly emerging molecular targeted reagents or new drug delivery systems, such as nanomedicine or controlled absorption/release methods, is essential to improve the efficacy of IP chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Kitayama
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Emoto S, Sunami E, Yamaguchi H, Ishihara S, Kitayama J, Watanabe T. Drug development for intraperitoneal chemotherapy against peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastrointestinal cancer. Surg Today 2014; 44:2209-20. [PMID: 24482110 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-014-0848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from gastrointestinal cancer has been investigated and applied clinically for several decades. Cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy have been considered to be the optimal treatment options for selected patients with colorectal and gastric cancers with PC. Accumulating evidence suggests that the administration of IP paclitaxel for patients with PC from gastric cancer may improve the patient survival. The pharmacokinetics of such treatment should be considered to optimize IP chemotherapy. In addition, newly emerging molecular-targeted therapies and research into new drug delivery systems, such as nanomedicine or controlled absorption/release methods, are essential to improve the effects of IP chemotherapy. This review summarizes the current status and future prospects of IP chemotherapy for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenobu Emoto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Eskander RN, Tewari KS. Epithelial cell-adhesion molecule-directed trifunctional antibody immunotherapy for symptom management of advanced ovarian cancer. Clin Pharmacol 2013; 5:55-61. [PMID: 24124397 PMCID: PMC3795053 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s45885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cytotoxic chemotherapy and surgical cytoreduction, disease recurrence continues to be a troubling problem in patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Malignant ascites affects approximately 10% of patients with recurrent EOC and is associated with troublesome symptoms, including abdominal pressure, distension, dyspnea, pelvic pain, and bowel/bladder dysfunction. To date, no effective therapy has been identified for the treatment of malignant ascites in patients with recurrent, advanced-stage ovarian cancer. Recently, immune modulation has gained attention as a novel approach to anti-cancer therapy. This review explores the role of epithelial cell-adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-directed immunotherapy, with a specific focus on the mechanism of action of the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM × anti-CD3). In addition, clinical trials exploring the use of catumaxomab in the treatment of malignant ascites in patients with ovarian cancer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramez N Eskander
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Abstract
Antibodies capable of targeting more than one antigen are envisioned to expand therapeutic efficacy in complex disease settings. Several strategies have been developed to achieve multiple targeting, including antibody mixtures and bispecific formats. In recent years, several dual- and pan-specific antibodies have been described and represent an alternative approach. These antibodies bind to different targets using a single antigen-combining site while maintaining high affinity and specificity, thus challenging the 'one antibody, one antigen' dogma. Despite certain drawbacks, the simple IgG format of this drug class enables rapid progression into the clinic.
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Gu J, Ghayur T. Generation of dual-variable-domain immunoglobulin molecules for dual-specific targeting. Methods Enzymol 2012; 502:25-41. [PMID: 22208980 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416039-2.00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies may be used to improve clinical efficacy by targeting two disease mechanisms for the treatment of complex human diseases in a single agent. Bispecific antibodies also hold promise for certain therapeutic applications difficult to achieve by single-targeting monospecific antibodies, such as immune (T cell or NK) cell retargeting, site-specific targeting, enabling therapeutics to cross the blood-brain barrier, and unique receptor modulation. Although the history of bispecific antibody research is almost as long as hybridoma technology, it is not until recent that bispecific antibodies have made substantial breakthrough, thanks to promising clinical trial results of a few bispecific antibodies and the development of new formats which largely ease manufacturing and physicochemical property challenges encountered by early bispecific antibody formats. The dual-variable-domain immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig™) format was initially described in 2007. In this format, the target-binding variable domains of two monoclonal antibodies can be combined via naturally occurring linkers to create a tetravalent, dual-targeting single agent. Viable DVD-Ig molecules can be identified through optimization of antibody pair, antibody variable domain orientation, and linkers. An optimized DVD-Ig™ molecule has many desirable properties of a mAb, such as good expression in mammalian cells, easy purification to homogeneity using standard approaches, displaying good drug-like biophysical and pharmacokinetic properties, and amenability to large-scale manufacturing. Several DVD-Ig molecules have demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties and efficacy in preclinical animal models. Here, we provide an example of construction and preliminary characterization of a DVD-Ig™ molecule and discuss the general approach used in optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijie Gu
- Biologics Department, Abbott Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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