1
|
Jabłońska B, Szmigiel P, Wosiewicz P, Baron J, Szczęsny-Karczewska W, Mrowiec S. A jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumor with massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage treated by emergency surgery: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30098. [PMID: 36107510 PMCID: PMC9439765 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a rare neoplasm of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Massive bleeding due to a jejunal GIST is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. It may be a life-threatening GIST complication that requires urgent intervention. Acute GI bleeding, which requires urgent surgical intervention, is a very rare clinical manifestation of GIST. A jejunal GIST with massive hemorrhage with coronavirus disease 2019 in a male patient in older age with many comorbidities has been not reported in the worldwide literature. METHODS In this case report, we present an 80-year-old man who was admitted to surgery due to abdominal pain, melena, and hematochezia for several hours. An upper endoscopy and colonoscopy were inconclusive. A multidetector contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the abdominal and pelvic cavity showed concentric irregular thickening in the distal jejunum.The histopathological finding showed a GIST measuring 6 cm with a mitotic index 2/50 high power fields. The patient's hemodynamic condition deteriorated despite initial conservative treatment including a blood transfusion. Therefore, patient underwent the emergency surgery 24 hours after admission: partial jejunal resection with the tumor followed by primary end-to-end anastomosis. RESULTS The mass was removed completely. There were no surgical complications in the postoperative course. On the first postoperative day, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction test was performed due to a persistent dry cough, which yielded a positive result. After 14 days, the patient died due to pneumonia and circulatory failure. CONCLUSIONS This case indicates that jejunal GIST can present as massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding and urgent surgery can successfully stop bleeding and save the patient's life. The CT scan was the most effective investigation to find the source of GI bleeding in this case. Therefore, we suggest performing CT in patients with acute massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding when the source of bleeding is not visible on endoscopy, and urgent surgical jejunal resection to stop life-threatening bleeding caused by a jejunal GIST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jabłońska
- Department of Digestive Tract Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- *Correspondence: Beata Jabłońska, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 14 St. 40-752 Katowice, Poland (e-mail: )
| | - Paweł Szmigiel
- Department of Digestive Tract Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Wosiewicz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Baron
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Weronika Szczęsny-Karczewska
- Department of Pathomorphology and Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Medical Science, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sławomir Mrowiec
- Department of Digestive Tract Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ashoor AA, Barefah G. Unusual presentation of a large GIST in an extraintestinal site: a challenging diagnosis dilemma. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/2/e229839. [PMID: 32033995 PMCID: PMC7021108 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-229839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is a recent recognised tumour entity. In the past, those tumours were classified as leiomyomas, leiomyosarcomas and leiomyoblastomas, but it is now evident that GIST is a separate tumour entity and is the most common sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract especially with advances in immunohistochemical staining techniques and improvements in microscopic structural imaging. We present a case of GIST of unusual location and presentation pattern, with an overview over current GISTs’ diagnosis and management strategies. The precise incidence and tumour behaviour of rare extragastrointestinal stromal tumour (EGIST) remain to be clarified. Further research is needed in large series with long duration of follow-up and modified risk stratification assessment tailored for EGISTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Ahmed Ashoor
- Department of Surgery, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaith Barefah
- Department of Radilogy, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schroeder BA, Kohli K, O'Malley RB, Kim TS, Jones RL, Pierce RH, Pollack SM. Durable tumor regression in highly refractory metastatic KIT/PDGFRA wild-type GIST following treatment with nivolumab. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1710064. [PMID: 32002307 PMCID: PMC6959429 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1710064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a devastating disease, especially in the setting of metastasis. The natural progression of GIST has been significantly altered by the development of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib, all of which are FDA approved. However, TKIs are not always well-tolerated, and the refractory disease continues to be a problem. For these reasons, alternative treatments are needed. In this report, we discuss a patient with metastatic wild-type (WT) GIST refractory to multiple TKIs, but with a durable clinical response to the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody, nivolumab. This report suggests that continued research evaluating checkpoint inhibitors in GIST is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Schroeder
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karan Kohli
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan B O'Malley
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theresa S Kim
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Robert H Pierce
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang ZQ, Wen ZQ, Yang J, Zhang HB, Kou ZY, Zhou RZ, Li WL. Preoperative therapy with sunitinib malate in a patient with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor and liver metastases: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14222. [PMID: 31860943 PMCID: PMC6940045 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are often found to have liver metastases at their 1st presentation. Most patients need preoperative treatment to reduce the size of the liver metastases to increase the possibility of surgical resection. Currently, imatinib mesylate is the drug of 1st choice for preoperative treatment and sunitinib malate (SM) is seldom used. Here we report a case of GIST with liver metastases where SM was used as a preoperative treatment. PATIENT CONCERNS A 56-year-old worker presented with intermittent abdominal pain and eating difficulties. DIAGNOSES An enhanced computed tomography scan showed a 15 × 15 × 10 cm malignant mass in the upper abdomen, and 2 metastases (15.1 × 13.1 cm and 14.8 × 8.8 cm) in the liver. The postcaval and middle hepatic veins were compressed by the liver metastases, making radical resection very difficult. INTERVENTIONS First the primary tumor in the jejunum was resected, and then SM was used as a preoperative treatment to reduce the size of the liver metastases to improve the possibility of surgical resection. OUTCOMES Both liver metastases regressed considerably in size and it was then possible to perform a radical resection. LESSONS The SM has the potential to be used as preoperative therapy for GIST with large liver metastases. This method provides a new option for the preoperative treatment of GIST with liver metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | - Zheng-Qi Wen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-bin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-yong Kou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui-Ze Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Liang Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Laparoscopic treatment of large gastrointestinal stromal tumors (> 5 cm). Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2019; 14:170-175. [PMID: 31118979 PMCID: PMC6528132 DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2018.78998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although laparoscopic techniques are currently a recognized type of treatment of small stromal tumors (GISTs) of the stomach, their application in the case of larger tumors has been the subject of debate. Aim To evaluate the technical feasibility, safety and early results of the laparoscopic treatment of large GISTs with a diameter of more than 5 cm. Material and methods A retrospective analysis was performed using data on patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for gastric GIST in the period from 2009 to 2016. The patients selected for the study were divided into two groups based on the diameter of the tumor: patients who developed a tumor with a diameter smaller than or equal to 5 cm (group 1), and those whose tumors exceeded 5 cm in diameter (group 2). The following factors were established and compared for the two groups: duration of surgery, amount of intra-operative blood loss, length of hospital stay, and the number and nature of post-operative complications. Results No deaths occurred in the 30-day post-operative period, and no statistically significant differences regarding complications in the post-operative period were observed. In group 2, statistically significantly more pronounced blood loss and longer hospital length of stay were observed. No difference in the duration of surgery between the investigated groups was observed. Conclusions It appears that the surgical treatment of GISTs with a diameter of more than 5 cm by means of minimally invasive procedures is a viable and safe alternative.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi X, Yu S, Wang F, Zhao Q, Xu H, Li B. A gastrointestinal stromal tumor with acute bleeding: Management and nursing. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9874. [PMID: 29489686 PMCID: PMC5851723 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors involving the gastrointestinal tract. A small percentage of GISTs may cause acute gastrointestinal bleeding, which requires urgent surgical intervention. PATIENT CONCERNS In this case report, we present a 62-year-old male patient with who was hospitalized due to acute bleeding. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed as GIST with low risk. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated endoscopically with polidocanol sclerotherapy. OUTCOMES The mass was removed completely, and the patient was discharged at day 9 after operation. LESSONS This case indicates that GIST can present as massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding and urgent endoscopic sclerotherapy can be life-saving. The endoscopical intervention may be a good alternative for emergency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuju Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University
| | - Shuxia Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University
| | - Fenyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qianfo Mountain Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Novel Therapies and Future Directions in Treatment of Musculoskeletal Sarcomas. Sarcoma 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43121-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
8
|
Schroeder B, Li Z, Cranmer LD, Jones RL, Pollack SM. Targeting gastrointestinal stromal tumors: the role of regorafenib. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3009-16. [PMID: 27284251 PMCID: PMC4881930 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a devastating disease in the metastatic setting, but its natural history has been dramatically altered by the development of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, most notably imatinib. Although patients with advanced GIST live much longer today than they did in the past, imatinib-refractory disease remains a tremendous problem. For disease that is refractory to imatinib and sunitinib, regorafenib is an excellent option. In this review, we discuss the biology and clinical work establishing regorafenib as the standard of care for advanced GIST refractory to both imatinib and sunitinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Schroeder
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Zula Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lee D Cranmer
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robin L Jones
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee ATJ, Huang PH, Pollack SM, Jones RL. Drug repositioning in sarcomas and other rare tumors. EBioMedicine 2016; 6:4-5. [PMID: 27211532 PMCID: PMC4856775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alex T J Lee
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Seth M Pollack
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hybrid push-pull endoscopic and laparoscopic full thickness resection for the minimally invasive management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a pilot clinical study. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:618756. [PMID: 25945087 PMCID: PMC4402559 DOI: 10.1155/2015/618756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) that are predominantly endophytic or in anatomically complex locations pose a challenge for laparoscopic wedge resection; however, endoscopic resection can be associated with a positive deep margin given the fourth-layer origin of the tumors. Methods. Patients at two tertiary care academic medical centers with gastric GISTs in difficult anatomic locations or with a predominant endophytic component were considered for enrollment. Preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with or without fine needle aspiration (FNA), and cross-sectional imaging were performed. Eligible patients were offered and consented for hybrid and standard management. Results. Over ten months, four patients in two institutions with anatomically complex or endophytic GISTs underwent successful, uncomplicated push-pull hybrid procedures. GIST was confirmed in all resection specimens. Conclusion. In a highly selected population, the hybrid push-pull approach was safe and effective in the removal of complex gastric GISTs. Endoscopic resection alone was associated with a positive deep margin, which the push-pull technique manages with a laparoscopic, full thickness, R0 resection. This novel, minimally invasive, hybrid laparoscopic and endoscopic push-pull technique is a safe and feasible alternative in the management of select GISTs that are not amenable to standard laparoscopic resection.
Collapse
|
11
|
DU Y, Zhang H, Jiang Z, Huang G, Lu W, Wang H. Expression of L1 protein correlates with cluster of differentiation 24 and integrin β1 expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2595-2602. [PMID: 26137113 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined 66 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), 20 cases of smooth muscle tumors, 20 cases of schwannomas and 20 cases of normal gastric tissues in order to analyze the expression of L1, cluster of differentiation (CD)24 and integrin β1 by immunohistochemical staining. Patients were subjected to follow-up, and survival data were evaluated. L1 expression was detected in 57.6% of GIST cases; this was a significantly higher percentage compared with that found in the smooth muscle tumor cases or the normal control group. CD24 and integrin β1 were also expressed at significantly higher levels in the GIST cases than in the normal control group, although no significant difference was found in the expression levels of these proteins in smooth muscle tumor or schwannoma cases. These higher levels of L1 and integrin β1 expression were associated with an increased risk of invasive GIST, and were significantly positively correlated with Ki-67 expression. CD24 expression was not associated with the risk of GIST invasion or Ki-67 expression. There were positive correlations between L1, CD24 and integrin β1 expression; however, these had no significant association with patient survival. Therefore, L1 alone or in conjunction with CD24 (L1 + CD24), or integrin β1 (L1 + integrin β1) can be considered a valuable indicator for the differential diagnosis of GIST. Furthermore, L1 and integrin β1 can be used alone or in combination to evaluate the biological behavior of GISTs. Future studies are required to evaluate the prognostic value of these markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue DU
- Department of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Zhongmin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Lu
- Department of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Hesheng Wang
- Department of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hampering immune suppressors: therapeutic targeting of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer. Cancer J 2014; 19:490-501. [PMID: 24270348 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with suppressive properties that preferentially expand in cancer. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells mainly suppress T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, inhibit natural killer cell activation, and induce the differentiation and expansion of regulatory T cells. The wide spectrum of MDSC suppressive activity in cancer and its role in tumor progression have rendered these cells a promising target for effective cancer immunotherapy. In this review we briefly discuss the origin of MDSCs and their main mechanisms of suppression and focus more on the approaches developed up to date targeting of MDSCs in tumor-bearing animals and cancer patients.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao WY, Xu J, Wang M, Zhang ZZ, Tu L, Wang CJ, Cao H, Zhang ZG. Evaluation of high-risk clinicopathological indicators in gastrointestinal stromal tumors for prognosis and imatinib treatment outcome. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:105. [PMID: 24906683 PMCID: PMC4057930 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the clinical benefit of imatinib adjuvant therapy for high-risk patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has been proven, the recurrence rate still remains high. This study aimed to sub-divide high-risk GIST patients with some “very high-risk” factors for more precise prognostic indicator, and possible association with efficiency of imatinib adjuvant therapy. Methods Clinicopathological data were confirmed by pathological diagnosis and clinical records. Recurrence-free survivals (RFS) were evaluated in 370 GIST patients (212 cases as test cohort and 158 cases as validation cohort) and 48 high-risk GISTs with imatinib adjuvant therapy after R0 resection. Results Mitosis count > 10/50 high-power fields (HPF) and serosal invasion are independent prognostic factors for RFS of GIST patients. Mitosis count > 10/50HPF and serosal invasion can sub-divide high-risk GIST patients effectively and significantly improve the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for prognostic indicator both in test and validation cohort. Patients with serosal invasion after R0 resection showed a poorer prognosis with imatinib adjuvant therapy. Conclusions Sub-division of high-risk GIST patients helps to more precisely predicting the prognosis. Serosal invasion may be an adverse predictive factor in high-risk patients and imatinib treatment outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pfetin as a risk factor of recurrence in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:651935. [PMID: 24977158 PMCID: PMC4055574 DOI: 10.1155/2014/651935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background. Despite complete resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), recurrent and/or metastatic disease occurs, often depending on the grade of malignancy. As such, markers are needed that accurately predict patients at high risk for recurrence. Previously our group reported Pfetin as a prognostic biomarker for GIST. In order to create an approach for predicting risk of recurrence, we incorporated Pfetin expression with clinicopathological data to produce a predictive model. Object. Forty-five patients with localized primary GIST were treated with complete gross surgical resection surgically at our institution between 1995 and 2010 were included. The majority of tumors originated in the stomach (38 cases), as well as small intestine (6 cases) and rectum (1 case). Method. (1) We performed retrospective analysis of the connection between Pfetin expression, clinicopathological data, and incidences of recurrence, using bivariate and multivariate analyses. (2) The reactivity of the monoclonal antibody against Pfetin was examined by immunohistochemistry. Pfetin. We have reported Pfetin, identified microarray technology, and compared between statistically different GISTs for good and poor prognoses and for prognostic marker. Results. There were 7 cases of recurrences. (1) By univariate analysis, tumor size, mitoses, exposure to abdominal cavity, and complete tumor removal predicted risk of recurrence. (2) Pfetin-negative cases were significantly related to recurrence (P = 0.002). Conclusions. This analysis demonstrates that lack of Pfetin expression is an additional predictor of recurrence in resected GIST. Further study may determine the role of this variable added to the current predictive model for selection of adjuvant therapy.
Collapse
|
15
|
microRNA-218 increase the sensitivity of gastrointestinal stromal tumor to imatinib through PI3K/AKT pathway. Clin Exp Med 2014; 15:137-44. [PMID: 24706111 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-014-0280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To detect the expressions of microRNA-218 (miR-218) in an imatinib mesylate-sensitive human gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells (GIST882) and an imatinib mesylate-resistant cell line (GIST430) and explore the roles of miR-218 and GIST cells in the sensitivity of gastrointestinal stromal tumor to imatinib mesylate and its potential signaling pathways, with an attempt to provide new insights for the treatment of GIST. The GIST cell lines (GIST882 and GIST430) were cultured in vitro. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized to determine the expression profiles of miR-218 in both GIST cell lines. Forty-eight hours after the transfection of the miR-218 mimic or miR-218 inhibitor in the GIST cells, the changes in the expression of miR-218 in the GIST cells were detected with qRT-PCR. The effects of the ectopic expression of miR-218 in GIST882 or GIST430 cells on the imatinib mesylate-induced GIST cell viability were determined by MTT. The effects of miR-218 ectopic expression on the apoptosis of imatinib mesylate-induce GIST cells were determined by Annexin V/PI double staining method and flow cytometry. The effects of miR-218 ectopic expression on the AKT and phospho-AKT (p-AKT) expressions of imatinib mesylate-induce GIST cells were determined by Western blot and flow cytometry with the PI3K pathway inhibitor Wortmannin. As shown by qRT-PCR, compared with that in the imatinib mesylate-sensitive GIST882, the expression of miR-218 in imatinib mesylate-resistant GIST430 was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of miR-218 significantly increased in the GIST882 48 h after the transfection of miR-218 mimic (P < 0.01) and significantly declined after the transfection of miR-218 inhibitor (P < 0.01). As shown by MTT and flow cytometry, after the expression of miR-218 was inhibited in GIST882 under the effect of imatinib mesylate, the cell viability significantly increased (P < 0.01) and the number of apoptotic cells significantly decreased (P < 0.05); on the contrary, the over-expression of miR-218 in GIST430 under the effect of imatinib mesylate resulted in the significantly decreased cell viability (P < 0.01) and the significantly increased number of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05). Western blot and flow cytometry showed that, in comparison to the control group, Wortmannin could significantly inhibit the expression of p-AKT in GIST430 cells (P < 0.01) and stimulated apoptosis (P < 0.01). The expression of miR-218 is down-regulated in an imatinib mesylate-resistant GIST cell line (GIST430), whereas miR-218 over-expression can improve the sensitivity of GIST cells to imatinib mesylate, with PI3K/AKT signaling pathway possibly involved in the mechanism.
Collapse
|
16
|
Parelkar SV, Vageriya NL, Sanghvi BV, Samala DS, Paradkar BA, Oak SN. c-KIT positive malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor in a male child: A rare case. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
17
|
Frith AE, Hirbe AC, Van Tine BA. Novel pathways and molecular targets for the treatment of sarcoma. Curr Oncol Rep 2013; 15:378-85. [PMID: 23661264 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-013-0319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas collectively represent over 100 different subtypes of bone and soft tissue tumors of mesenchymal origin. The low response rate to cytotoxic chemotherapies has necessitated the need for development of either histologically driven or pathway-specific targeted therapies. As our understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving certain subtypes is rapidly advancing, the number of targeted therapies is also increasing. Recently identified novel druggable targets include the MDM2 amplifications in well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas, the new translocation NAB2:STAT6 of solitary fibrous tumors, the angiopoeitin-TIE2 pathway in angiosarcoma, the suppression of Mcl1 in X:18/synovial sarcomas, the mTOR pathway in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, CDK4 in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, cMET regulation in alveolar soft parts sarcoma, the metabolic abnormalities in wild-type/SHD GIST, and the lack of argininosuccinate synthetase 1 expression seen in most sarcomas. It is through a fundamental understanding of sarcoma biology that clinical trials based on molecular targets can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Frith
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sjogren PP, Banerji N, Batts KP, Graczyk MJ, Dunn DH. Rare presentation of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor with spontaneous esophageal perforation: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2013; 4:636-9. [PMID: 23702440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the alimentary canal are malignant tumors with <1% of cases diagnosed in esophagus. These cases require special consideration given their close proximity to vital structures and propensity to be highly aggressive. Management of patients with GISTs has been transformed since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this report, we present an unusual case of GIST with spontaneous esophageal perforation. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 39-year-old Caucasian male presented to our hospital with complaints of severe chest and abdominal pain. A diagnostic chest radiograph revealed a moderate right-sided pleural effusion. Subsequently, an esophagram demonstrated a perforation proximal to an elongated stricture in the distal esophagus. A left thoracotomy was performed whereby a large mediastinal mass firmly attached to the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction was encountered. The neoplasm involved proximal one-third of the stomach and perforated into the right hemithorax. Histopathological evaluation of the tumor led to a diagnosis of GIST. DISCUSSION GISTs of the gastroesophageal junction are uncommon and may rarely present with esophageal perforation. The standard of care for treating GIST at present includes tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This pharmacologic agent, along with improved surgical techniques and understanding of molecular markers for accurate diagnosis, will assuredly continue to improve overall survival of patients with GISTs. CONCLUSION When stricture or achalasia is detected on imaging, GIST should be considered in the differential diagnosis for individual patients. Additionally, chest and abdomen CT scans of may be performed to confirm presence of a tumor mass, thereby ruling out achalasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phayvanh P Sjogren
- University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|