1
|
Paul JM, Templeton SD, Baharani A, Freywald A, Vizeacoumar FJ. Building high-resolution synthetic lethal networks: a 'Google map' of the cancer cell. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:704-15. [PMID: 25446836 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The most commonly used therapies for cancer involve delivering high doses of radiation or toxic chemicals to the patient that also cause substantial damage to normal tissue. To overcome this, researchers have recently resorted to a basic biological concept called 'synthetic lethality' (SL) that takes advantage of interactions between gene pairs. The identification of SL interactions is of considerable therapeutic interest because if a particular gene is SL with a tumor-causing mutation, then the targeting that gene carries therapeutic advantages. Mapping these interactions in the context of human cancer cells could hold the key to effective, targeted cancer treatments. In this review, we cover the recent advances that aim to identify these SL interactions using unbiased genetic screens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5 Canada; Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 0W8 Canada
| | - Shaina D Templeton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Akanksha Baharani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 0W8 Canada
| | - Franco J Vizeacoumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5 Canada; Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Muthalagu N, Junttila MR, Wiese KE, Wolf E, Morton J, Bauer B, Evan GI, Eilers M, Murphy DJ. BIM is the primary mediator of MYC-induced apoptosis in multiple solid tissues. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1347-53. [PMID: 25176652 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is one of the most frequently overexpressed oncogenes in human cancer, and even modestly deregulated MYC can initiate ectopic proliferation in many postmitotic cell types in vivo. Sensitization of cells to apoptosis limits MYC's oncogenic potential. However, the mechanism through which MYC induces apoptosis is controversial. Some studies implicate p19ARF-mediated stabilization of p53, followed by induction of proapoptotic BH3 proteins NOXA and PUMA, whereas others argue for direct regulation of BH3 proteins, especially BIM. Here, we use a single experimental system to systematically evaluate the roles of p19ARF and BIM during MYC-induced apoptosis, in vitro, in vivo, and in combination with a widely used chemotherapeutic, doxorubicin. We find a common specific requirement for BIM during MYC-induced apoptosis in multiple settings, which does not extend to the p53-responsive BH3 family member PUMA, and find no evidence of a role for p19ARF during MYC-induced apoptosis in the tissues examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathiya Muthalagu
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Melissa R Junttila
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 2356 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Katrin E Wiese
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocentre, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Wolf
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocentre, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Barbara Bauer
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocentre, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Gerard I Evan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 2356 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Martin Eilers
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocentre, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocentre, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|