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Insights into the Anti-inflammatory and Antiviral Mechanisms of Resveratrol. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:7138756. [PMID: 35990040 PMCID: PMC9391165 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7138756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring stilbene phytoalexin phenolic compound, which has been extensively studied on its biological activity. It has been widely accepted that resveratrol possesses anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. In this review, we summarize the anti-inflammatory dosages and mechanism and antiviral mechanism of resveratrol. Since viral infections are often accompanied by inflammation, we propose that the NF-κB signaling pathway is a key and common molecular mechanism of resveratrol to exert anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. For future studies, we believe that resveratrol's anti-inflammatory and antiviral mechanisms can consider the upstream signaling molecules of the NF-κB signaling pathway. For resveratrol antivirus, future studies can be conducted on the interaction of resveratrol with key proteins or important enzymes of the virus. In addition, we also think that the clinical application of resveratrol is very important. In short, resveratrol is a promising anti-inflammatory and antiviral drug, and research on it needs to be expanded.
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Ibrahim UH, Devnarain N, Omolo CA, Mocktar C, Govender T. Biomimetic pH/lipase dual responsive vitamin-based solid lipid nanoparticles for on-demand delivery of vancomycin. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120960. [PMID: 34333022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ascorbyl tocopherol succinate (ATS) was designed, synthesized and characterized via FT-IR, HR-MS, H1 NMR and C13 NMR, to simultaneously confer biomimetic and dual responsive properties of an antibiotic nanosystem to enhance their antibacterial efficacy and reduce antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, an in silico-aided design (to mimic the natural substrate of bacterial lipase) was employed to demonstrate the binding potential of ATS to lipase (-32.93 kcal/mol binding free energy (ΔGbind) and bacterial efflux pumps blocking potential (NorA ΔGbind: -37.10 kcal/mol, NorB ΔGbind: -34.46 kcal/mol). ATS bound stronger to lipase than the natural substrate (35 times lower Kd value). The vancomycin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (VM-ATS-SLN) had a hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, polydispersity index and entrapment efficiency of 106.9 ± 1.4 nm, -16.5 ± 0.93 mV, 0.11 ± 0.012 and 61.9 ± 1.31%, respectively. In vitro biocompatibility studies revealed VM-ATS-SLN biosafety and non-haemolytic activity. Significant enhancement in VM release was achieved in response to acidified pH and lipase enzyme, compared to controls. VM-ATS-SLN showed enhanced sustained in vitro antibacterial activity for 5 days, 2-fold greater MRSA biofilm growth inhibition and 3.44-fold reduction in bacterial burden in skin infected mice model compared to bare VM. Therefore, ATS shows potential as a novel multifunctional adjuvant for effective and targeted delivery of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usri H Ibrahim
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nikita Devnarain
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Calvin A Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; United States International University-Africa, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, P.O. Box 14634-00800, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa.
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Russo CA, Torti MF, Marquez AB, Sepúlveda CS, Alaimo A, García CC. Antiviral bioactivity of resveratrol against Zika virus infection in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5379-5392. [PMID: 34282543 PMCID: PMC8289713 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES) is a polyphenol with increasing interest for its inhibitory effects on a wide variety of viruses. Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus which causes a broad spectrum of ophthalmological manifestations in humans. Currently there is no certified therapy or vaccine to treat it, thus it has become a major global health threat. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is highly permissive and susceptible to ZIKV. This work explored the protective effects of RES on ZIKV-infected human RPE cells. RES treatment resulted in a significant reduction of infectious viral particles in infected male ARPE-19 and female hTERT-RPE1 cells. This protection was positively influenced by the action of RES on mitochondrial dynamics. Also, docking studies predicted that RES has a high affinity for two enzymes of the rate-limiting steps of pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis and viral polymerase. This evidence suggests that RES might be a potential antiviral agent to treat ZIKV-induced ocular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza A Russo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Torti
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agostina B Marquez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia S Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Alaimo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cybele C García
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Salih M, Omolo CA, Devnarain N, Elrashedy AA, Mocktar C, Soliman MES, Govender T. Supramolecular self-assembled drug delivery system (SADDs) of vancomycin and tocopherol succinate as an antibacterial agent: in vitro, in silico and in vivo evaluations. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:1090-1108. [PMID: 32684052 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1797786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study self-assembled drug delivery system (SADDs) composed of a hydrophobic d-α-tocopherol succinate (TS) and a hydrophilic vancomycin (VCM) were formulated, and its potential for enhancing the antibacterial activity of VCM against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were explored. The SADDs were synthesized via supramolecular complexation, then characterized for in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies. In silico studies confirmed the self-assembly of VCM/TS into NPs. The size, surface charge and drug loading of the SADDs was ˂100 nm, -27 mV and 68%, respectively. The SADDs were non-hemolytic and biosafe. A sustained release of VCM from SADDs was noted, with 52.2% release after 48 hr. The in vitro antibacterial test showed a twofold decrease in Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against SA and MRSA, and a significantly higher reduction in MRSA biofilms compared to bare VCM. Further, in silico studies confirmed strong and stable binding of TS to MRSA efflux pumps. The in vivo study using mice skin infection models showed a 9.5-fold reduction in bacterial load after treatment with SADDs, in comparison with bare VCM. These findings affirmed that VCM/TS NPs as a promising novel nano-delivery for treating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salih
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Calvin A Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nikita Devnarain
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Elrashedy
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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