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Wang J, Zhang L, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Tian C, Zhang Z, Liu J, Wang X. 2-Arylthio-5-iodo pyrimidine derivatives as non-nucleoside HBV polymerase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1573-1578. [PMID: 29459146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of 2-arylthio-5-iodo pyrimidine derivatives, as non-nucleoside hepatitis B virus inhibitors, were evaluated and firstly reported as potential anti-HBV agents. To probe the mechanism of active agents, DHBV polymerase was isolated and a non-radioisotopic assay was established for measuring HBV polymerase. The biological results demonstrated that 2-arylthio-5-iodo pyrimidine derivatives targeted HBV polymerase. In addition, pharmacophore models were constructed for future optimization of lead compounds. Further study will be performed for the development of non-nucleoside anti-HBV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, China
| | - Jianxiong Zhao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, China
| | - Qingchuan Liu
- Beijing Weijian Jiye Institute of Biotechnology, 100041, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, China
| | - Zhili Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, China.
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, China.
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Feng S, Gao L, Han X, Hu T, Hu Y, Liu H, Thomas AW, Yan Z, Yang S, Young JAT, Yun H, Zhu W, Shen HC. Discovery of Small Molecule Therapeutics for Treatment of Chronic HBV Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:257-277. [PMID: 29369612 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) inflicts 250 million people worldwide representing a major public health threat. A significant subpopulation of patients eventually develop cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, none of the current standard therapies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) result in a satisfactory clinical cure rate. Driven by a highly unmet medical need, multiple pharmaceutical companies and research institutions have been engaged in drug discovery and development to improve the CHB functional cure rate, defined by sustainable viral suppression and HBsAg clearance after a finite treatment. This Review summarizes the recent advances in the discovery and development of novel anti-HBV small molecules. It is believed that an improved CHB functional cure rate may be accomplished via the combination of molecules with distinct MoAs. Thus, certain molecules may evolve into key components of a suitable combination therapy leading to superior outcome of clinical efficacy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Feng
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xingchun Han
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Taishan Hu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yimin Hu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Andrew W. Thomas
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Song Yang
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - John A. T. Young
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongying Yun
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hong C. Shen
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Lu D, Liu F, Xing W, Tong X, Wang L, Wang Y, Zeng L, Feng C, Yang L, Zuo J, Hu Y. Optimization and Synthesis of Pyridazinone Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors of Hepatitis B Virus by Inducing Genome-free Capsid Formation. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:199-205. [PMID: 27989113 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The capsid of hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays a vital role in virus DNA replication. Targeting nucleocapsid function has been demonstrated as an effective approach for anti-HBV drug development. A high-throughput screening and mechanism study revealed the hit compound 4a as an HBV assembly effector (AEf), which could inhibit HBV replication by inducing the formation of HBV DNA-free capsids. The subsequent SAR study and drug-like optimization resulted in the discovery of the lead candidate 4r, with potent antiviral activity (IC50 = 0.087 ± 0.002 μM), low cytotoxicity (CC50 = 90.6 ± 2.06 μM), sensitivity to nucleoside analogue-resistant HBV mutants, and synergistic effect with nucleoside analogues in HepG2.2.15 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiqiang Xing
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiankun Tong
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunlan Feng
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianping Zuo
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Youhong Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Menéndez-Arias L, Sebastián-Martín A, Álvarez M. Viral reverse transcriptases. Virus Res 2016; 234:153-176. [PMID: 28043823 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reverse transcriptases (RTs) play a major role in the replication of Retroviridae, Metaviridae, Pseudoviridae, Hepadnaviridae and Caulimoviridae. RTs are enzymes that are able to synthesize DNA using RNA or DNA as templates (DNA polymerase activity), and degrade RNA when forming RNA/DNA hybrids (ribonuclease H activity). In retroviruses and LTR retrotransposons (Metaviridae and Pseudoviridae), the coordinated action of both enzymatic activities converts single-stranded RNA into a double-stranded DNA that is flanked by identical sequences known as long terminal repeats (LTRs). RTs of retroviruses and LTR retrotransposons are active as monomers (e.g. murine leukemia virus RT), homodimers (e.g. Ty3 RT) or heterodimers (e.g. human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RT). RTs lack proofreading activity and display high intrinsic error rates. Besides, high recombination rates observed in retroviruses are promoted by poor processivity that causes template switching, a hallmark of reverse transcription. HIV-1 RT inhibitors acting on its polymerase activity constitute the backbone of current antiretroviral therapies, although novel drugs, including ribonuclease H inhibitors, are still necessary to fight HIV infections. In Hepadnaviridae and Caulimoviridae, reverse transcription leads to the formation of nicked circular DNAs that will be converted into episomal DNA in the host cell nucleus. Structural and biochemical information on their polymerases is limited, although several drugs inhibiting HIV-1 RT are known to be effective against the human hepatitis B virus polymerase. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on reverse transcription in the five virus families and discuss available biochemical and structural information on RTs, including their biosynthesis, enzymatic activities, and potential inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Menéndez-Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Sebastián-Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Álvarez
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Study on 2-arylthio-5-iodo pyrimidine derivatives as novel nonnucleoside inhibitors against hepatitis B virus DNA replication. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:751-63. [PMID: 27172826 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.16.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel nonnucleoside hepatitis B virus inhibitors have been recently developed for the reason of drug-resistant mutations and adverse effects of nucleoside analogs. In this study, two series of 2-arylthio-5-iodo pyrimidine analogs were firstly reported as potential anti-HBV agents. METHODOLOGY Target compounds were prepared according to two high-yielded synthetic routes, and their anti-HBV activities were evaluated on Hep2.2.15 and HepAD38 cell lines, respectively. To probe the mechanism of active agents, a cell-based (Huh-7) study of biochemical markers (e.g., HBeAg, HBsAg, intracellular HBV DNA and pgRNA) was performed. Furthermore, the pharmacophore models were constructed for future optimization of lead compounds. CONCLUSION 2-Arylthio-5-iodo pyrimidine derivatives firstly proved to be effective against HBV, which paves the way for future development of nonnucleoside anti-HBV agents.
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Lucifora J, Xia Y, Reisinger F, Stadler D, Heikenwälder M, Protzer U. [Specific degradation of nuclear hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA]. Med Sci (Paris) 2014; 30:724-6. [PMID: 25174742 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20143008003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lucifora
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Allemagne - German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Allemagne - affiliation actuelle : Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL), Lyon, France
| | - Yuchen Xia
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Allemagne
| | - Florian Reisinger
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Allemagne
| | - Daniela Stadler
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Allemagne
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Allemagne
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Allemagne - German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Allemagne
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Chen A, T-Thienprasert NP, Brown CM. Prospects for inhibiting the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in hepatitis B virus. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7993-8004. [PMID: 25009369 PMCID: PMC4081668 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i25.7993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a continuing need for novel antivirals to treat hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, as it remains a major health problem worldwide. Ideally new classes of antivirals would target multiple steps in the viral lifecycle. In this review, we consider the steps in which HBV RNAs are processed, exported from the nucleus and translated. These are often overlooked steps in the HBV life-cycle. HBV, like retroviruses, incorporates a number of unusual steps in these processes, which use a combination of viral and host cellular machinery. Some of these unusual steps deserve a closer scrutiny. They may provide alternative targets to existing antiviral therapies, which are associated with increasing drug resistance. The RNA post-transcriptional regulatory element identified 20 years ago promotes nucleocytoplasmic export of all unspliced HBV RNAs. There is evidence that inhibition of this step is part of the antiviral action of interferon. Similarly, the structured RNA epsilon element situated at the 5’ end of the polycistronic HBV pregenomic RNA also performs key roles during HBV replication. The pregenomic RNA, which is the template for translation of both the viral core and polymerase proteins, is also encapsidated and used in replication. This complex process, regulated at the epsilon element, also presents an attractive antiviral target. These RNA elements that mediate and regulate gene expression are highly conserved and could be targeted using novel strategies employing RNAi, miRNAs or aptamers. Such approaches targeting these functionally constrained genomic regions should avoid escape mutations. Therefore understanding these regulatory elements, along with providing potential targets, may also facilitate the development of other new classes of antiviral drugs.
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Nucleoside/nucleotide analog inhibitors of hepatitis B virus polymerase: mechanism of action and resistance. Curr Opin Virol 2014; 8:1-9. [PMID: 24814823 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase are structurally related. However, the HBV enzyme has a protein priming activity absent in the HIV enzyme. Approved nucleoside/nucleotide inhibitors of the HBV polymerase include lamivudine, adefovir, telbivudine, entecavir and tenofovir. Although most of them target DNA elongation, guanosine and adenosine analogs (e.g. entecavir and tenofovir, respectively) also impair protein priming. Major mutational patterns conferring nucleoside/nucleotide analog resistance include the combinations rtL180M/rtM204(I/V) (for lamivudine, entecavir, telbivudine and clevudine) and rtA181V/rtN236T (for adefovir and tenofovir). However, development of drug resistance is very slow for entecavir and tenofovir. Novel nucleoside/nucleotide analogs in advanced clinical trials include phosphonates similar to adefovir or tenofovir, and new tenofovir derivatives with improved pharmacological properties.
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Yang L, Shi LP, Chen HJ, Tong XK, Wang GF, Zhang YM, Wang WL, Feng CL, He PL, Zhu FH, Hao YH, Wang BJ, Yang DL, Tang W, Nan FJ, Zuo JP. Isothiafludine, a novel non-nucleoside compound, inhibits hepatitis B virus replication through blocking pregenomic RNA encapsidation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:410-8. [PMID: 24487969 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the action of isothiafludine (NZ-4), a derivative of bis-heterocycle tandem pairs from the natural product leucamide A, on the replication cycle of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS HBV replication cycle was monitored in HepG2.2.15 cells using qPCR, qRT-PCR, and Southern and Northern blotting. HBV protein expression and capsid assembly were detected using Western blotting and native agarose gel electrophoresis analysis. The interaction of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and the core protein was investigated by RNA immunoprecipitation. To evaluate the anti-HBV effect of NZ-4 in vivo, DHBV-infected ducks were orally administered NZ-4 (25, 50 or 100 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) for 15 d. RESULTS NZ-4 suppressed intracellular HBV replication in HepG2.2.15 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 1.33 μmol/L, whereas the compound inhibited the cell viability with an IC₅₀ value of 50.4 μmol/L. Furthermore, NZ-4 was active against the replication of various drug-resistant HBV mutants, including 3TC/ETV-dual-resistant and ADV-resistant HBV mutants. NZ-4 (5, 10, 20 μmol/L) concentration-dependently reduced the encapsidated HBV pgRNA, resulting in the assembly of replication-deficient capsids in HepG2.2.15 cells. Oral administration of NZ-4 dose-dependently inhibited DHBV DNA replication in the DHBV-infected ducks. CONCLUSION NZ-4 inhibits HBV replication by interfering with the interaction between pgRNA and HBcAg in the capsid assembly process, thus increasing the replication-deficient HBV capsids. Such mechanism of action might provide a new therapeutic strategy to combat HBV infection.
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Hu Y, Zhu W, Tang G, Mayweg AV, Yang G, Wu JZ, Shen HC. Novel Therapeutics in Discovery and Development for Treatment of Chronic HBV Infection. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417150-3.00017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh J Field
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Mark A Wainberg
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T1E2, Canada
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