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Montanari E, Krupke H, Leroux JC. Engineering Lipid Spherulites for the Sustained Release of Highly Dosed Small Hydrophilic Compounds. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 12:e2202249. [PMID: 36571233 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is a lack of parenteral sustained release formulations for the delivery of highly dosed small hydrophilic drugs. Therefore, parenteral lipid spherulites are engineered capable of entrapping large amounts of such compounds and spontaneously releasing them in a sustained fashion. A library of spherulites is prepared with a simple green process, using phosphatidylcholine (PC) and/or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), nonionic surfactants and water. The vesicle formulations exhibiting appropriate size distribution and morphology are selected and loaded with 4,6-di-O-(methoxy-diethyleneglycol)-myo-inositol-1,2,3,5-tetrakis(phosphate), ((OEG2 )2 -IP4), an inositol phosphate derivative currently under clinical evaluation for the treatment of aortic valve stenosis. The loading efficiency of spherulites is up to 12.5-fold higher than that of liposomes produced with the same materials. While the PC-containing vesicles showed high stability, the PE spherulites gradually lost their multilayer organization upon dilution, triggering the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) release over time. In vitro experiments and pharmacokinetic studies in rats demonstrated the ability of PE spherulites to increase the systemic exposure of (OEG2 )2 -IP4 up to 3.1-fold after subcutaneous injection, and to completely release their payload within 3-4 d. In conclusion, PE spherulites represent a promising lipid platform for the extravascular parenteral administration of highly dosed small hydrophilic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elita Montanari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Krupke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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Rousou C, Schuurmans CCL, Urtti A, Mastrobattista E, Storm G, Moonen C, Kaarniranta K, Deckers R. Ultrasound and Microbubbles for the Treatment of Ocular Diseases: From Preclinical Research towards Clinical Application. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111782. [PMID: 34834196 PMCID: PMC8624665 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique anatomy of the eye and the presence of various biological barriers make efficacious ocular drug delivery challenging, particularly in the treatment of posterior eye diseases. This review focuses on the combination of ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) as a minimally invasive method to improve the efficacy and targeting of ocular drug delivery. An extensive overview is given of the in vitro and in vivo studies investigating the mechanical effects of ultrasound-driven microbubbles aiming to: (i) temporarily disrupt the blood–retina barrier in order to enhance the delivery of systemically administered drugs into the eye, (ii) induce intracellular uptake of anticancer drugs and macromolecules and (iii) achieve targeted delivery of genes, for the treatment of ocular malignancies and degenerative diseases. Finally, the safety and tolerability aspects of USMB, essential for the translation of USMB to the clinic, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Rousou
- Departments of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.C.L.S.); (E.M.); (G.S.)
- Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.M.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carl C. L. Schuurmans
- Departments of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.C.L.S.); (E.M.); (G.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arto Urtti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii Pr. 26, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Departments of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.C.L.S.); (E.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Gert Storm
- Departments of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.C.L.S.); (E.M.); (G.S.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chrit Moonen
- Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Roel Deckers
- Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.M.); (R.D.)
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D'Amico A, Mir N, Wilkerson H, Andrikopoulou E, Kanter J. Definity, an affinity for painful crisis: a case series describing vaso-occlusive pain crises in sickle cell patients undergoing echocardiogram with Definity contrast. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS 2021; 5:ytaa555. [PMID: 33598623 PMCID: PMC7873786 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk for painful crises and long-term cardiopulmonary morbidity. Echocardiogram is recommended if signs or symptoms of cardiopulmonary disease develop in previously asymptomatic patients, or worsen in those with known disease. Second-generation echocardiogram contrast agents (ECAs) improve the diagnostic capacity of echocardiogram; however, these agents have risks in SCD populations that have yet to be investigated. Case summary We report a case series of two patients who experienced vaso-occlusive crises following administration of the ECA, Definity. Both patients were referred for echocardiogram from our institution's sickle cell clinic because of concern for SCD-related cardiopulmonary complications. Both patients were in their usual state of health at the time of their exams. The first patient experienced acute back and hip pain minutes after receiving Definity and was diagnosed with acute vaso-occlusive crisis requiring admission for 6 days for pain management. The second patient developed dyspnoea and chest pain within 90 min of her echocardiogram. She was diagnosed with acute chest syndrome and admitted for further management. Her hospitalization was complicated by hyper-haemolysis and multiple organ failure syndrome. After 13 days, she was discharged home. Discussion The safety profile of ECAs has not been fully evaluated and warrants further study in individuals with SCD. Proposed mechanisms for our observations include the release of pro-inflammatory metabolites from Definity contrast agent's shell and ultrasound-induced haemolysis secondary to ECA administration. Alternative imaging modalities and proper precautions should be considered when evaluating cardiopulmonary function in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D'Amico
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Nabiel Mir
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1808 7th Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Hunter Wilkerson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1808 7th Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Efstathia Andrikopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1808 7th Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Julie Kanter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1808 7th Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Frinking P, Segers T, Luan Y, Tranquart F. Three Decades of Ultrasound Contrast Agents: A Review of the Past, Present and Future Improvements. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:892-908. [PMID: 31941587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Initial reports from the 1960s describing the observations of ultrasound contrast enhancement by tiny gaseous bubbles during echocardiographic examinations prompted the development of the first ultrasound contrast agent in the 1980s. Current commercial contrast agents for echography, such as Definity, Optison, Sonazoid and SonoVue, have proven to be successful in a variety of on- and off-label clinical indications. Whereas contrast-specific technology has seen dramatic progress after the introduction of the first approved agents in the 1990s, successful clinical translation of new developments has been limited during the same period, while understanding of microbubble physical, chemical and biologic behavior has improved substantially. It is expected that for a successful development of future opportunities, such as ultrasound molecular imaging and therapeutic applications using microbubbles, new creative developments in microbubble engineering and production dedicated to further optimizing microbubble performance are required, and that they cannot rely on bubble technology developed more than 3 decades ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Frinking
- Tide Microfluidics, Capitool 41, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim Segers
- Physics of Fluids group, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Luan
- R&D Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, General Electric Healthcare, Amersham, UK
| | - François Tranquart
- R&D Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, General Electric Healthcare, Amersham, UK
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