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Benavides E, Krecioch JR, Connolly RT, Allareddy T, Buchanan A, Spelic D, O'Brien KK, Keels MA, Mascarenhas AK, Duong ML, Aerne-Bowe MJ, Ziegler KM, Lipman RD. Optimizing radiation safety in dentistry: Clinical recommendations and regulatory considerations. J Am Dent Assoc 2024; 155:280-293.e4. [PMID: 38300176 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The value of dental radiographs to oral health care decision making must be balanced with radiation safety to minimize patient exposure and occupational risk of oral health care providers. This review summarizes recommendations and regulatory guidance regarding dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography. An expert panel presents recommendations on radiation safety, appropriate imaging practices, and reducing radiation exposure. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED A systematic search run in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews identified relevant topical systematic reviews, organizational guidelines, and regulatory reviews published in the peer-reviewed literature since 2010. A supplemental search of the gray literature (eg, technical reports, standards, and regulations) identified topical nonindexed publications. Inclusion criteria required relevance to primary oral health care (ie, general or pediatric dentistry). RESULTS A total of 95 articles, guidance documents, and regulations met the inclusion criteria. Resources were characterized as applicable to all modalities, operator and occupational protection, dose reduction and optimization, and quality assurance and control. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Understanding factors affecting imaging safety and applying fundamental principles of radiation protection consistent with federal, state, and local requirements are essential for limiting patient ionizing radiation exposure, in conjunction with implementing optimal imaging procedures to support prudent use of dental radiographs and cone-beam computed tomographic imaging. The regulatory guidance and best practice recommendations summarized in this article should be followed by dentists and other oral health care providers.
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Intelligent quantitative assessment of skeletal maturation based on multi-stage model: a retrospective cone-beam CT study of cervical vertebrae. Oral Radiol 2021; 38:378-388. [PMID: 34554389 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-021-00566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop new logistic regression estimative models of the cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI) based on cone-beam CT (CBCT)-derived parameters for intelligent evaluating skeletal maturation. METHODS From 231 CBCT volumes (age range 7-17, mean age 11.09 years), 154 were randomly selected to produce 2D sagittal projections of the second to fourth cervical vertebrae (C2-C4). From 19 quantitative parameters, significant predictors were deduced to formulate logistic models. Using the CVMI and significant predictors of 77 other subjects, performance of the models was externally examined by direct comparison and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Models were modified if required, to improve their accuracy. RESULTS Chronological age, C3 height ([Formula: see text], and ratio of posterior height to lower width of C4 [Formula: see text] were entered as significant predictors. Accuracy of the models was acceptable (total AUC = 0.91) except for 4th and 5th stage (AUC of 0.82 and 0.83, respectively), which were mis-predicted inversely. Adjusted models were generated by bivariate logistic regression analysis and adding significant parameters ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], with odds ratios of 3.308 and 3.38, respectively) from 58 subjects in 4th and 5th stages of CVMI in the model establishment group. The total AUC increased to 0.94, along with an increase in the accuracy of the latter optimized models to 77.9 and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSION The new intelligent models reliably estimated skeletal maturation and can be utilized in the clinical field or machine learning-based skeletal maturation assessment.
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Mukhia N, Birur NP, Shubhasini AR, Shubha G, Keerthi G. Dimensional measurement accuracy of 3-dimensional models from cone beam computed tomography using different voxel sizes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021; 132:361-369. [PMID: 34246615 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the geometric accuracy and measurement reliability of 3-dimensional (3D) reconstructed models of the mandible created from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images obtained with 0.2-mm and 0.4-mm voxel sizes with the reference standard model and compare the accuracy of the CBCT-based models to each other. STUDY DESIGN The reference standard 3D model of a dry human mandible was obtained using a white light scanner. The mandible was scanned with CBCT 10 times at each voxel size. The models created from the CBCT data were compared with the reference standard by using a point-based rigid registration algorithm where the distance differences between the superimposed CBCT models and the reference standard model were recorded. The measurements derived from the 2 CBCT-based scans were also compared. RESULTS Mean deviations from the reference standard for 0.2-mm and 0.4-mm voxel scans were 0.4342 mm and 0.4580 mm, respectively (P ≥ .16). The CBCT scans with both 0.2-mm and 0.4-mm voxels produced good measurement reliability and did not significantly differ from each other (P ≥ .20). CONCLUSIONS CBCT scans with 0.2-mm and 0.4-mm voxel sizes delivered similarly accurate models. Larger voxels can be used to minimize radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirza Mukhia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K.L.E. Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - N Praveen Birur
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K.L.E. Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | - A R Shubhasini
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K.L.E. Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - G Shubha
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K.L.E. Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - G Keerthi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K.L.E. Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, India
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Mahmoud O, Awad Abdelmagied MH, Dandashi AH, Jasim BN, Tawfik Kayali HA, Al Shehadat S. Comparative Evaluation of Accuracy of Different Apex Locators: Propex IQ, Raypex 6, Root ZX, and Apex ID with CBCT and Periapical Radiograph-In Vitro Study. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:5563426. [PMID: 34054960 PMCID: PMC8112958 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to validate the accuracy of working length (WL) measurements obtained with the newly introduced Propex IQ apex locator and to compare it with the latest generations of other electronic apex locators, CBCT, and conventional periapical radiographs by using the actual WL measurements obtained by using an endodontics microscope as a reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five extracted single-rooted human mandibular first premolars with curvatures from 10° to 20° were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and cut at the cementoenamel junction to achieve a standard reference point for WL determination. The actual WL was obtained by inserting a size-15 k-file in the root canal until the tip of the file was visible under an endodontic microscope. The definitive WL was measured using Propex IQ (Dentsply Sirona), Raypex 6 (VDW Dental), Root ZX (Morita), and Apex ID (Kerr Dental). In addition, radiographic WL was obtained using periapical radiographs and CBCT. One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons of the WL values, with a p value < 0.05. The percentage of success of each method for determination of the definitive WL was assessed using cross-tabulation and chi-square tests. RESULTS CBCT radiographs and Propex IQ apex locator yielded the most accurate WL measurements in comparison with the actual WL measurements (p < 0.05). Raypex 6, Root ZX, and Apex ID yielded more accurate WL measurements than conventional periapical radiographs (p < 0.05). Periapical radiographs yielded the least accurate WL measurements in comparison with the actual WL values (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, the Propex IQ apex locator showed higher accuracy than Raypex 6, Root ZX, and Apex ID for WL determination in the root canal. Nevertheless, CBCT radiographs yielded the maximum accuracy for WL measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okba Mahmoud
- Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | | | | | - Bakr Nssaief Jasim
- Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | | | - Saaid Al Shehadat
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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The Effect of Immediate Versus Delayed Addition of the Nasal Stent to the Nasoalveolar Molding Plate on Nostrils Shape and Cleft Width in Infants With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 31:1633-1636. [PMID: 32472875 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of immediate versus delayed addition of the nasal stent to the nasoalveolar molding plate on the nose shape and alveolar cleft area in unilateral cleft lip and palate infants. METHOD Twenty nonsyndromic newborn infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate were scanned 3 dimensionally using Proface software. In the experimental group, the nasal stent was added on the day the molding plate arrived, and in the control group when the alveolar gap reached 5 mm. Two months after adding nasal stents in each group patients' faces were scanned again and some parameters were measured. In addition, immediately after treatment, 1 month later and at the end of investigation, impressions were taken, and stone casts were scanned by cone-beam computed tomography and the alveolar gap was measured. Fisher exact test, paired t test, and ANOVA were used for data analyses. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS In this study, changes in the parameters showed significant differences between the case and controls for the columellar angle, nostril width on the cleft side, nostril height on the cleft side, soft tissue cleft width, and nasal surface area. However, the nostril's width and height in the noncleft side, intercommissural distance, nasal surface area on the noncleft side, nostril area between the cleft and noncleft side after treatment, and the alveolar gap did not show significant differences between the groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Early use of nasal stents showed more desirable results in decreasing the width of the nostrils and increasing its height and correcting the angle of the columella without any adverse effects on the nostrils after treatment.
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Jain S, Choudhary K, Nagi R, Shukla S, Kaur N, Grover D. New evolution of cone-beam computed tomography in dentistry: Combining digital technologies. Imaging Sci Dent 2019; 49:179-190. [PMID: 31583200 PMCID: PMC6761063 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2019.49.3.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Panoramic radiographs and computed tomography (CT) play a paramount role in the accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognostic evaluation of various complex dental pathologies. The advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has revolutionized the practice of dentistry, and this technique is now considered the gold standard for imaging the oral and maxillofacial area due to its numerous advantages, including reductions in exposure time, radiation dose, and cost in comparison to other imaging modalities. This review highlights the broad use of CBCT in the dentomaxillofacial region, and also focuses on future software advancements that can further optimize CBCT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreet Jain
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, India
| | - Kartik Choudhary
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Mansarovar Dental College, Bhopal, India
| | - Ravleen Nagi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Swami Devi Dayal Hospital and Dental College, Panchkula, India
| | - Stuti Shukla
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Periodontology, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Mohali, India
| | - Deepak Grover
- Department of Periodontology, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Mohali, India
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El Hachem R, Wassef E, Mokbel N, Abboud R, Zogheib C, El Osta N, Naaman A. Influence of the Maxillary Sinus on the Accuracy of the Root ZX Apex Locator: An Ex Vivo Study. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7010003. [PMID: 30609762 PMCID: PMC6473460 DOI: 10.3390/dj7010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the accuracy of the Root ZX (J. Morita, Tokyo, Japan) electronic apex locator in determining the working length when palatal maxillary molar roots are in a relationship with the sinus. Seventeen human maxillary molars with vital pulp were scheduled for an extraction and implant placement as part of a periodontal treatment plan. The access cavity was prepared, and a #10 K file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) was inserted into the palatal root using the Root ZX apex locator in order to determine the electronic working length (EWL); then, the teeth were extracted. To determine the real working length (RWL), a #10 K file was introduced into the root canal until its tip touched a glass plate. EWL and RWL were compared. Images reconstructed with CBCT (cone beam computerized tomography) revealed that eight palatal roots were related to the maxillary sinus, whereas nine were not. The results showed a significant difference between the EWL and the RWL of the palatal roots related to the sinus (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in measurements of roots not in contact with the sinus (p > 0.05). Within the study limitations, the reliability of Root ZX was influenced by the relationship of the roots with the maxillary sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roula El Hachem
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 11-5076 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Elie Wassef
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 11-5076 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Nadim Mokbel
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 11-5076 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Richard Abboud
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Radiology, Saint Joseph University, B.P. 11-514 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon.
| | - Carla Zogheib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 11-5076 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Nada El Osta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saint Joseph University, B.P. 11-514 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon.
| | - Alfred Naaman
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 11-5076 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
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Matenine D, Schmittbuhl M, Bedwani S, Després P, de Guise JA. Iterative reconstruction for image enhancement and dose reduction in diagnostic cone beam CT imaging. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 27:805-819. [PMID: 31450539 DOI: 10.3233/xst-190523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iterative reconstruction is well-established in diagnostic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for dose reduction and image quality enhancement. Its application to diagnostic cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is only emerging and warrants a quantitative evaluation. METHODS Several phantoms and a canine head specimen were imaged using a commercially available small-field CBCT scanner. Raw projection data were reconstructed using the Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) method with different filters, including denoising via total variation (TV) minimization (FDK-TV). Iterative reconstruction was carried out using the TV-regularized ordered subsets convex technique (OSC-TV). Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), noise power spectrum (NPS) and spatial resolution of images were estimated. Dose levels were measured via the weighted computed tomography dose index, while low-dose image quality degradation was estimated via structural similarity (SSIM). RESULTS OSC-TV and FDK-TV were shown to significantly improve image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to FDK with a standard filter, 5.8 and 4.0 times, respectively. Spatial resolution attained with different algorithms varied moderately across different experiments. For low-dose acquisitions, image quality decreased dramatically for FDK but not for FDK-TV nor OSC-TV. For low-dose canine head images acquired using about 1/5 of the dose compared to a reference image, SSIM dropped to about 0.3 for FDK, while remaining at 0.92 for FDK-TV and 0.96 for OSC-TV. CONCLUSION OSC-TV was shown to improve image quality compared to FDK and FDK-TV. Moreover, this iterative approach allowed for significant dose reduction while maintaining image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Matenine
- Laboratoire de recherche en imagerie et orthopédie, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de génie des systèmes, École de technologie supérieure, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthieu Schmittbuhl
- Laboratoire de recherche en imagerie et orthopédie, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bedwani
- Département de physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de radio-oncologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Després
- Département de physique, de génie physique et d'optique and Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de radio-oncologie and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec (QC) G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Jacques A de Guise
- Laboratoire de recherche en imagerie et orthopédie, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de génie des systèmes, École de technologie supérieure, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Hwang JJ, Jung YH, Cho BH. The need for DICOM encapsulation of 3D scanning STL data. Imaging Sci Dent 2018; 48:301-302. [PMID: 30607356 PMCID: PMC6305779 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2018.48.4.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Joon Hwang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yun-Hoa Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Bong-Hae Cho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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Yılmaz F, Kamburoğlu K, Şenel B. Endodontic Working Length Measurement Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Images Obtained at Different Voxel Sizes and Field of Views, Periapical Radiography, and Apex Locator: A Comparative Ex Vivo Study. J Endod 2017; 43:152-156. [PMID: 27986097 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of working length determination by using an electronic apex locator, periapical radiography, and cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging obtained at different voxel sizes and field of views (FOVs) in extracted human teeth. METHODS Thirty extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were used. The electronic working length measurements were performed by using an electronic apex locator (Root ZX; J Morita Corp, Kyoto, Japan). Five different image sets were obtained as follows: (1) CBCT imaging: 40 × 40 mm FOV, 0.080 mm3 (FOV40); (2) CBCT imaging: 60 × 60 mm FOV, 0.125 mm3 (FOV60); (3) CBCT imaging: 80 × 80 mm FOV, 0.160 mm3 (FOV80); (4) CBCT imaging: 100 × 100 mm FOV, 0.250 mm3 (FOV100); and (5) periapical digital radiography. Direct measurements performed with an electronic digital caliper were considered as the gold standard and compared with the electronic apex locator, CBCT, and periapical image measurements. Data were analyzed using a 2-way analysis of variance test. Significance level was set at P < .05. RESULTS There was no significant difference between or within operators in intraoral radiographs (P > .05 and the Gage R&R value was <30%). There were significant differences between and within operators for CBCT images (P < .05 and Gage R&R value was >30%). There were significant differences in the methods in terms of mean differences from the gold standard (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that available CBCT scans with different FOVs can be used for working length measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Yılmaz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Beşevler, Çankaya, PK: 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Kamburoğlu
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Beşevler, Çankaya, PK: 06500, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Buğra Şenel
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Dental Science Center, Gülhane Millitary Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhang A, Critchley S, Monsour PA. Comparative adoption of cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography machines across Australia. Aust Dent J 2016; 61:489-496. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Zhang
- School of Dentistry; The University of Queensland; Herston Queensland Australia
| | - S Critchley
- Health Protection Branch; Queensland Department of Health; Herston Queensland Australia
| | - PA Monsour
- School of Dentistry; The University of Queensland; Herston Queensland Australia
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Yılmaz F, Kamburoglu K, Yeta NY, Öztan MD. Cone beam computed tomography aided diagnosis and treatment of endodontic cases: Critical analysis. World J Radiol 2016; 8:716-725. [PMID: 27551342 PMCID: PMC4965356 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v8.i7.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although intraoral radiographs still remain the imaging method of choice for the evaluation of endodontic patients, in recent years, the utilization of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in endodontics showed a significant jump. This case series presentation shows the importance of CBCT aided diagnosis and treatment of complex endodontic cases such as; root resorption, missed extra canal, fusion, oblique root fracture, non-diagnosed periapical pathology and horizontal root fracture. CBCT may be a useful diagnostic method in several endodontic cases where intraoral radiography and clinical examination alone are unable to provide sufficient information.
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Baltacıoĝlu İH, Eren H, Yavuz Y, Kamburoğlu K. Diagnostic accuracy of different display types in detection of recurrent caries under restorations by using CBCT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2016; 45:20160099. [PMID: 27319604 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20160099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the in vitro diagnostic ability of CBCT images using seven different display types in the detection of recurrent caries. METHODS Our study comprised 128 extracted human premolar and molar teeth. 8 groups each containing 16 teeth were obtained as follows: (1) Black Class I (Occlusal) amalgam filling without caries; (2) Black Class I (Occlusal) composite filling without caries; (3) Black Class II (Proximal) amalgam filling without caries; (4) Black Class II (Proximal) composite filling without caries; (5) Black Class I (Occlusal) amalgam filling with caries; (6) Black Class I (Occlusal) composite filling with caries; (7) Black Class II (Proximal) amalgam filling with caries; and (8) Black Class II (Proximal) composite filling with caries. Teeth were imaged using 100 × 90 mm field of view at three different voxel sizes of a CBCT unit (Planmeca ProMax(®) 3D ProFace™; Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland). CBCT TIFF images were opened and viewed using custom-designed software for computers on different display types. Intra- and interobserver agreements were calculated. The highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Az) values for each image type, observer, reading and restoration were compared using z-tests against Az = 0.5. The significance level was set at p = 0.05. RESULTS We found poor and moderate agreements. In general, Az values were found when software and medical diagnostic monitor were utilized. For Observer 2, Az values were statistically significantly higher when software was used on medical monitor [p = 0.036, p = 0.015 and p = 0.002, for normal-resolution mode (0.200 mm(3) voxel size), high-resolution mode (0.150 mm(3) voxel size) and low-resolution mode (0.400 mm(3) voxel size), respectively]. No statistically significant differences were found among other display types for all modes (p > 0.05). In general, no difference was found among 3 different voxel sizes (p > 0.05). In general, higher Az values were obtained for composite restorations than for amalgam restorations for all observers. For Observer 1, Az values for composite restorations were statistically significantly higher than those of amalgam restorations for MacBook and iPhone (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA) assessments (p = 0.002 and p = 0.048, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Higher Az values were observed with medical monitors when used with dedicated software compared to other display types which performed similarly in the diagnosis of recurrent caries under restorations. In addition, observers performed better in detection of recurrent caries when assessing composite restorations than amalgams.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail H Baltacıoĝlu
- 1 Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Eren
- 2 Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Yavuz
- 3 Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Kamburoğlu
- 2 Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
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Pauwels R, Silkosessak O, Jacobs R, Bogaerts R, Bosmans H, Panmekiate S. A pragmatic approach to determine the optimal kVp in cone beam CT: balancing contrast-to-noise ratio and radiation dose. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2014; 43:20140059. [PMID: 24708447 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20140059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the optimal kVp setting for a particular cone beam CT (CBCT) device by maximizing technical image quality at a fixed radiation dose. METHODS The 3D Accuitomo 170 (J. Morita Mfg. Corp., Kyoto, Japan) CBCT was used. The radiation dose as a function of kVp was measured in a cylindrical polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom using a small-volume ion chamber. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was measured using a PMMA phantom containing four materials (air, aluminium, polytetrafluoroethylene and low-density polyethylene), which was scanned using 180 combinations of kVp/mA, ranging from 60/1 to 90/8. The CNR was measured for each material using PMMA as background material. The pure effect of kVp and mAs on the CNR values was analysed. Using a polynomial fit for CNR as a function of mA for each kVp value, the optimal kVp was determined at five dose levels. RESULTS Absorbed doses ranged between 0.034 mGy mAs(-1) (14 × 10 cm, 60 kVp) and 0.108 mGy mAs(-1) (14 × 10 cm, 90 kVp). The relation between kVp and dose was quasilinear (R(2) > 0.99). The effect of mA and kVp on CNR could be modelled using a second-degree polynomial. At a fixed dose, there was a tendency for higher CNR values at increasing kVp values, especially at low dose levels. A dose reduction through mA was more efficient than an equivalent reduction through kVp in terms of image quality deterioration. CONCLUSIONS For the investigated CBCT model, the most optimal contrast at a fixed dose was found at the highest available kVp setting. There is great potential for dose reduction through mA with a minimal loss in image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pauwels
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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