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Gawne P, Man F, Fonslet J, Radia R, Bordoloi J, Cleveland M, Jimenez-Royo P, Gabizon A, Blower PJ, Long N, de Rosales RTM. Manganese-52: applications in cell radiolabelling and liposomal nanomedicine PET imaging using oxine (8-hydroxyquinoline) as an ionophore. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:9283-9293. [PMID: 29796500 PMCID: PMC6049564 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ionophore 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) has been used to radiolabel cells and liposomal medicines with 111In and, more recently, 89Zr, for medical nuclear imaging applications. Oxine has also shown promising ionophore activity for the positron-emitting radionuclide 52Mn that should allow imaging of labelled cells and nanomedicines for long periods of time (>14 days). However, to date, the radiometal complex formed and its full labelling capabilities have not been fully characterised. Here, we provide supporting evidence of the formation of [52Mn]Mn(oxinate)2 as the metastable complex responsible for its ionophore activity. The cell labelling properties of [52Mn]Mn(oxinate)2 were investigated with various cell lines. The liposomal nanomedicine, DOXIL® (Caelyx) was also labelled with [52Mn]Mn(oxinate)2 and imaged in vivo using PET imaging. [52Mn]Mn(oxinate)2 was able to label various cell lines with moderate efficiency (15-53%), however low cellular retention of 52Mn (21-25% after 24 h) was observed which was shown not to be due to cell death. PET imaging of [52Mn]Mn-DOXIL at 1 h and 24 h post-injection showed the expected pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of this stealth liposome, but at 72 h post-injection showed a profile matching that of free 52Mn, consistent with drug release. We conclude that oxine is an effective ionophore for 52Mn, but high cellular efflux of the isotope limits its use for prolonged cell tracking. [52Mn]Mn(oxinate)2 is effective for labelling and tracking DOXIL in vivo. The release of free radionuclide after liposome extravasation could provide a non-invasive method to monitor drug release in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gawne
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences
, King's College London
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London
, SE1 7EH
, UK
.
| | - Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences
, King's College London
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London
, SE1 7EH
, UK
.
| | - Jesper Fonslet
- The Hevesy Lab
, Technical University of Denmark
,
4000 Roskilde
, Denmark
| | - Riya Radia
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences
, King's College London
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London
, SE1 7EH
, UK
.
| | - Jayanta Bordoloi
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences
, King's College London
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London
, SE1 7EH
, UK
.
| | - Matthew Cleveland
- GSK Medicines Research Centre
,
Gunnels Wood Road
, Stevenage
, Hertfordshire
, SG1 2NY
, UK
| | - Pilar Jimenez-Royo
- GSK Medicines Research Centre
,
Gunnels Wood Road
, Stevenage
, Hertfordshire
, SG1 2NY
, UK
| | - Alberto Gabizon
- Oncology Institute
, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-School of Medicine
,
Jerusalem 9103102
, Israel
| | - Philip J. Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences
, King's College London
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London
, SE1 7EH
, UK
.
| | - Nicholas Long
- Department of Chemistry
, Imperial College London
,
South Kensington Campus
, London SW7 2AZ
, UK
| | - Rafael T. M. de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences
, King's College London
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London
, SE1 7EH
, UK
.
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Leal L, Lucero C, Gatell JM, Gallart T, Plana M, García F. New challenges in therapeutic vaccines against HIV infection. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:587-600. [PMID: 28431490 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1322513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a growing interest in developing curative strategies for HIV infection. Therapeutic vaccines are one of the most promising approaches. We will review the current knowledge and the new challenges in this research field. Areas covered: PubMed and ClinicalTrial.gov databases were searched to review the progress and prospects for clinical development of immunotherapies aimed to cure HIV infection. Dendritic cells (DC)-based vaccines have yielded the best results in the field. However, major immune-virologic barriers may hamper current vaccine strategies. We will focus on some new challenges as the antigen presentation by DCs, CTL escape mutations, B cell follicle sanctuary, host immune environment (inflammation, immune activation, tolerance), latent reservoir and the lack of surrogate markers of response. Finally, we will review the rationale for designing new therapeutic vaccine candidates to be used alone or in combination with other strategies to improve their effectiveness. Expert commentary: In the next future, the combination of DCs targeting candidates, inserts to redirect responses to unmutated parts of the virus, adjuvants to redirect responses to sanctuaries or improve the balance between activation/tolerance (IL-15, anti-PD1 antibodies) and latency reversing agents could be necessary to finally achieve the remission of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Leal
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, HIVACAT, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Constanza Lucero
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, HIVACAT, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Josep M Gatell
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, HIVACAT, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Teresa Gallart
- b Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratories, HIVACAT, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Montserrat Plana
- b Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratories, HIVACAT, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Felipe García
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, HIVACAT, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Garcia F, Climent N, Guardo AC, Gil C, Leon A, Autran B, Lifson JD, Martinez-Picado J, Dalmau J, Clotet B, Gatell JM, Plana M, Gallart T. A Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccine Elicits T Cell Responses Associated with Control of HIV-1 Replication. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:166ra2. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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García F, Routy JP. Challenges in dendritic cells-based therapeutic vaccination in HIV-1 infection Workshop in dendritic cell-based vaccine clinical trials in HIV-1. Vaccine 2011; 29:6454-63. [PMID: 21791232 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic immunization has been proposed as an approach that might help limit the need for lifelong combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). One approach for therapeutic vaccination which has been explored during the last few years is the administration of autologous monocyte-derived DCs (MD-DCs) loaded ex vivo with a variety of antigens. It has been shown in experimental murine models as well as in cancer patients and in patients with chronic infections that this approach can induce and potentiate antigen-specific T-cell response (and to induce a potent protective immunity). Contrary to the wide experience with this strategy in cancer, in HIV-1 infection the experience is limited and the design of the clinical trials varies greatly between groups. This variability affects all the steps of the process, from preparation of immunogen and DCs to clinical trial design and immune monitoring. Although both the study designs and the DC preparation (the maturation stimuli and the identity and source of HIV-1 antigens used to pulse DCs) varied in most of the studies that were published so far, overall the results indicate that DC immunotherapy elicits some degree of immunological response. To address this situation and to allow comparison between trials a panel of experts working in DC-based clinical trials in HIV-1 infection met in Barcelona at the end of 2010. During this meeting, the participants shared the data of their current research activities in this field in order to unify criteria for the future. This report summarizes the present situation of the field and the discussions and conclusions of this meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe García
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Ottobrini L, Martelli C, Trabattoni DL, Clerici M, Lucignani G. In vivo imaging of immune cell trafficking in cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010; 38:949-68. [PMID: 21170525 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-010-1687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumour establishment, progression and regression can be studied in vivo using an array of imaging techniques ranging from MRI to nuclear-based and optical techniques that highlight the intrinsic behaviour of different cell populations in the physiological context. Clinical in vivo imaging techniques and preclinical specific approaches have been used to study, both at the macroscopic and microscopic level, tumour cells, their proliferation, metastasisation, death and interaction with the environment and with the immune system. Fluorescent, radioactive or paramagnetic markers were used in direct protocols to label the specific cell population and reporter genes were used for genetic, indirect labelling protocols to track the fate of a given cell subpopulation in vivo. Different protocols have been proposed to in vivo study the interaction between immune cells and tumours by different imaging techniques (intravital and whole-body imaging). In particular in this review we report several examples dealing with dendritic cells, T lymphocytes and macrophages specifically labelled for different imaging procedures both for the study of their physiological function and in the context of anti-neoplastic immunotherapies in the attempt to exploit imaging-derived information to improve and optimise anti-neoplastic immune-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Oshiro TM, de Almeida A, da Silva Duarte AJ. Dendritic cell immunotherapy for HIV infection: from theory to reality. Immunotherapy 2009; 1:1039-51. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.09.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge concerning the immunology of dendritic cells (DCs) accumulated over the last few decades and the development of methodologies to generate and manipulate these cells in vitro has made their therapeutic application a reality. Currently, clinical protocols for DC-based therapeutic vaccine in HIV-infected individuals show that it is a safe and promising approach. Concomitantly, important advances continue to be made in the development of methodologies to optimize DC acquisition, as well as the selection of safe, immunogenic HIV antigens and the evaluation of immune response in treated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Miyuki Oshiro
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências – LIM 56, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical – prédio II, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 – 3o andar, CEP 05403-05000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre de Almeida
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências – LIM 56, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical – prédio II, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 – 3o andar, CEP 05403-05000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências – LIM 56, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical – prédio II, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 – 3o andar, CEP 05403-05000, São Paulo, Brazil
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López A, van der Lubbe N, Sánchez-Palomino S, Arnedo M, Nomdedeu M, Castro P, Guilà M, Maleno MJ, García F, Gallart T, Gatell JM, Plana M. Phenotypic and functional characteristics of HIV-specific CD8 T cells and gag sequence variability after autologous dendritic cells based therapeutic vaccine. Vaccine 2009; 27:6166-78. [PMID: 19712765 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A decrease in HIV-1 specific CD8 T-cell responses associated with a partial control of viral replication occurred in 12 HIV-1-infected patients during autologous dendritic cells vaccination. HIV CD8 T cells were detected in 6/10 patients during immunizations, increasing after HAART discontinuation in 3 of them. Tet+ CD8 cells mainly had an effector phenotype (CD45RA-/+ CCR7- and CD28- and Perf+/-) and maintained IFN-gamma release throughout follow-up. By contrast, patients with CD45RA-/+ CCR7+ Perf+ HIV-specific cells showed a decrease in peptide-specific IFN-gamma production during vaccinations while levels were recovered when off HAART. No major mutations in either Gag p24 and p17 immunodominant epitopes were observed that might have explained the impaired CD8+ T-cell responses. Taken together, heterogeneity in the maturation status of HIV-specific CD8 T cells may be partially involved in the drop of peptide-specific IFN-gamma production during immunizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna López
- Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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