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Redondo-Castillejo R, Garcimartín A, Hernández-Martín M, López-Oliva ME, Bocanegra A, Macho-González A, Bastida S, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Proanthocyanidins: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Action Mechanisms in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065369. [PMID: 36982444 PMCID: PMC10049473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of risk factors, such as central obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension, which increase the probability of causing premature mortality. The consumption of high-fat diets (HFD) is a major driver of the rising incidence of MS. In fact, the altered interplay between HFD, microbiome, and the intestinal barrier is being considered as a possible origin of MS. Consumption of proanthocyanidins (PAs) has a beneficial effect against the metabolic disturbances in MS. However, there are no conclusive results in the literature about the efficacy of PAs in improving MS. This review allows a comprehensive validation of the diverse effects of the PAs on the intestinal dysfunction in HFD-induced MS, differentiating between preventive and therapeutic actions. Special emphasis is placed on the impact of PAs on the gut microbiota, providing a system to facilitate comparison between the studies. PAs can modulate the microbiome toward a healthy profile and strength barrier integrity. Nevertheless, to date, published clinical trials to verify preclinical findings are scarce. Finally, the preventive consumption of PAs in MS-associated dysbiosis and intestinal dysfunction induced by HFD seems more successful than the treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Redondo-Castillejo
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Hernández-Martín
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Bocanegra
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (F.J.S.-M.); Tel.: +34-394-1700 (A.B.); +34-913-941-828 (F.J.S.-M.)
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Bastida
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (F.J.S.-M.); Tel.: +34-394-1700 (A.B.); +34-913-941-828 (F.J.S.-M.)
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Nofouzi K, Mirzazadeh S, Khordadmehr M, Madadi MS, Amininia S, Firouzamandi M, Ranjbar VR. The effects of heat-killed Tsukamurella inchonensis on intestinal morphology and humoral immune responses of broiler chickens. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:81-90. [PMID: 33889366 PMCID: PMC8043829 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i1.5496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Tsukamurella species are Gram-positive rods that exist in a broad range of environments. In this study, the efficacy of heat-killed Tsukamurella inchonensis on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and humoral immune responses of broiler chicken was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Ross broiler chicks in the cage were randomly allocated to five groups. Trail diets were prepared by adding 106 cells per bird of heat-killed T. inchonensis into the basal trading diet for group 1 continuously dosed for 24 h from day 1 to day 13, and for group 2, 24 h on days 1 to 5; 8; 9, 12 and 13. Group 3 was received 106 bacteria as a subcutaneous injection on days 1, 6, and 12. Groups 4 and 5 were not received T. inchonensis during the experiment period. Results: Feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not altered by different delivery methods of T. inchonensis supplementation. The pulsed dosed in feed tended to provide higher body weight gain (BWG) than the negative control groups. T. inchonensis treatments, never less of the ways of delivery, boosted (P<0.05) the antibody titers to Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and avian influenza (AI) (H9N2) virus, especially when broiler chickens treated with pulse dosed in the feed. The most significant intestinal development (p<0.05) was observed between groups 1 and 2. There were no significant differences in the thymus, liver, and bursa of Fabricius relative weight. Still, there were significant increases in the relative weight of spleen on day 14 in vaccinated chickens treated with T. inchonensis pulse dosed. Conclusion: It seems that the supplementation of T. inchonensis in the broiler diet can improve intestinal morphology and humoral immune response, which was represented by increased antibody response to NDV, and AI vaccines significantly, but it cannot affect FI and FCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Nofouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Mirzazadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Monireh Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Madadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Amininia
- Department of Serology, Iran Veterinary Organization, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Firouzamandi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Ranjbar
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary System Organization, Yazd Province, Yazd, Iran
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Khordadmehr M, Ghaderi S, Mesgari-Abbasi M, Jigari-Asl F, Nofouzi K, Tayefi-Nasrabadi H, McIntyre G. The Beneficial Effects of Actinomycetales Immune Modulators in the Pancreas of Diabetic Rats. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 11:371-377. [PMID: 33880360 PMCID: PMC8046390 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has dramatically increased in recent years, especially in young people, and limits the life quality of the patients involved. Thus, many researchers are performing extensive studies to find alternative treatments for DM. Methods: Here, we evaluated the improvement effects of the heat-killed Actinomycetales species, including Gordonia bronchialis, and Tsukamurella inchonensis in streptozotocin (STZ)- diabetic rats by biochemical, immunological, and histopathological examinations. Results: The present findings exhibited a dramatic and progressive alteration in the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the diabetic group, which were related to the blood glucose and insulin levels, oxidative stress defense (evaluated by TAC and MDA activities), and the pancreas biochemical indicators (such as amylase and lipase). More importantly, the present results were consistent with the histopathological findings, which included cellular degeneration, vascular congestion, hemorrhage, focal necrosis associated with mononuclear cell infiltration. Interestingly, all of the diabetic changes in the blood serum and tissues improved remarkably in the treated groups by Actinomycetales species. Conclusion: Surprisingly, most of the current diabetic complications effectively attenuated after oral administration of both Actinomycetales species, particularly with a high dose of T. inchonensis. Thus, it is concluded that the heat-killed Actinomycetales species can prevent and improve the progression of T1DM and its various complications profoundly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solin Ghaderi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Farinaz Jigari-Asl
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Katayoon Nofouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Graham McIntyre
- Center for Infectious Diseases and International Health, Windeyer Institute for Medical Sciences, University College London, UK
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Khordadmehr M, Ghaderi S, Mesgari Abbasi M, Nofouzi K, McIntyre G. The Improvement Effects of Gordonia bronchialis on Male Fertility of Rats with Diabetes Mellitus Induced by Streptozotocin. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2019.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the possible protective effects of Gordonia bronchialis (Gb) on oxidative stress and some subsequent alterations on testis from rats undergoing an experimentally induced type 1 diabetes. Methods: A total of 40 male rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten. Diabetes was induced by injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin in 30 rats. Oral administration of Gb at dose of 105 (low dose) and 107 (high dose) CFU/rat was performed in two groups continuously for 14 days. The third and fourth groups received normal saline as the diabetic and healthy control groups, respectively. The blood and testicular tissue samples were taken on the 14th and 21st days post treatment for biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Results: Significant differences were found in blood glucose level, insulin, IL-6 and TNF-α values together with catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and malondialdehyde level in the diabetic group in comparison with healthy and Gb recipient groups. Moreover, the histopathological lesions observed in the diabetic rats mainly included basement membrane thickening, decreased number of Sertoli cells, and severe reduction of spermatogenesis markedly attenuated in Gb-treated rats. Conclusion: Taken together, it seems that oral administration of Gb could ameliorate testicular damage associated with some related parameters in the diabetic animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solin Ghaderi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Katayoon Nofouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Iran
| | - Graham McIntyre
- Center for Infectious Diseases and International Health, Windeyer Institute for Medical Sciences, University College London, UK
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Nofouzi K, Sheikhzadeh N, Varshoie H, Sharabyani SK, Jafarnezhad M, Shabanzadeh S, Ahmadifar E, Stanford J, Shahbazfar AA. Beneficial effects of killed Tsukamurella inchonensis on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth, intestinal histology, immunological, and biochemical parameters. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:209-217. [PMID: 30178124 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Present study was conducted to investigate the effects of heat-killed Tsukamurella inchonensis on growth performance, gastrointestinal structure, immune response, and biochemical parameters in rainbow trout. Fish (mean weight 25 g) were fed basal diet (control), diets containing 2.48 × 108 colony-forming units (low-dose group) or 1.24 × 109 colony-forming units (high-dose group) of heat-killed Tsukamurella inchonensis per 1 kg of feed for 90 days. Results showed that growth performance was significantly enhanced in both treatment groups compared to the control group. The intestinal villus length and pyloric cecal fold length were mainly enhanced in the high-dose group. On the other hand, higher goblet cell percentage was shown with administration of dead Tsukamurella inchonensis in both treatment groups. Immune parameters such as alternative complement activity, immunoglobulin level, and hemagglutination titer were significantly higher in treatment groups than in fish fed in the control diet. Meanwhile, feeding heat-killed Tsukamurella inchonensis especially at higher dose caused a decrease in the levels of total cholesterol, uric acid, and lipid peroxidation product whereas no significant changes were noted in serum-specific marker enzymes levels, namely alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by feeding both treatment diets compared to the control group. This study suggests that heat-killed Tsukamurella inchonensis especially at 1.24 × 109 colony-forming units had more potential to enhance growth, immunological parameters, and intestinal structure in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Nofouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Sheikhzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Varshoie
- Department of Natural Science, Savadkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Savadkooh, Iran
| | - Sona Khadir Sharabyani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehran Jafarnezhad
- Department of Natural Science, Savadkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Savadkooh, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Ahmadifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Zabol University, Zabol, Sisatan and Baluchestan, Iran
| | - John Stanford
- UCL Centre for Infectious Diseases and International Health, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Amir Ali Shahbazfar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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