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Li C, Zhang Q, Li Z, Feng S, Luo H, Liu R, Wang L, Geng Y, Zhao X, Yang Z, Li Q, Yang K, Wang X. Efficacy and safety of carbon-ion radiotherapy for the malignant melanoma: A systematic review. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5293-5305. [PMID: 32524777 PMCID: PMC7402834 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanomas (MMs) were the fifth most common cancer in men and the sixth most common cancer in women in 2018, respectively. These are characterized by high metastatic rates and poor prognoses. We systematically reviewed safety and efficacy of carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for treating MMs. Eleven studies were eligible for review, and the data showed that MM patients showed better local control with low recurrence and mild toxicities after CIRT. Survival rates were slightly higher in patients with cutaneous or uveal MMs than in those with mucosal MMs. CIRT in combination with chemotherapy produced higher progression-free survival rates than CIRT only. In younger patients, higher rates of distant metastases of gynecological MMs were observed. The data indicated that CIRT is effective and safe for treating MMs; however, a combination with systemic therapy is recommended to ensure the best possible prognosis for MMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- The First School of Clinical MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Qiuning Zhang
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- Lanzhou Heavy Ions HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Zheng Li
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Shuangwu Feng
- The First School of Clinical MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Hongtao Luo
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Lina Wang
- The First School of Clinical MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Yichao Geng
- The First School of Clinical MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Xueshan Zhao
- The First School of Clinical MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Zhen Yang
- Basic Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence‐Based Medicine CenterSchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- The First School of Clinical MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- Lanzhou Heavy Ions HospitalLanzhouChina
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Colombino M, Paliogiannis P, Cossu A, De Re V, Miolo G, Botti G, Scognamiglio G, Ascierto PA, Santeufemia DA, Fraggetta F, Manca A, Sini MC, Casula M, Palomba G, Pisano M, Doneddu V, Lissia A, Fedeli MA, Palmieri G. BRAF Mutations and Dysregulation of the MAP Kinase Pathway Associated to Sinonasal Mucosal Melanomas. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101577. [PMID: 31581559 PMCID: PMC6832198 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNM) is a rare and aggressive type of melanoma, and because of this, we currently have a limited understanding of its genetic and molecular constitution. The incidence among SNMs of somatic mutations in the genes involved in the main molecular pathways, which have been largely associated with cutaneous melanoma, is not yet fully understood. Through a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach using a panel of 25 genes involved in melanoma pathogenesis customized by our group, we performed a mutation analysis in a cohort of 25 SNM patients. Results showed that pathogenic mutations were found in more than 60% of SNM cases at a somatic level, with strikingly 32% of them carrying deleterious mutations in the BRAF gene. The identified mutations mostly lack the typical UV signature associated with cutaneous melanomas and showed no significant association with any histopathological parameter. Oncogenic activation of the BRAF-depending pathway, which may induce immune tolerance into the tumour microenvironment (i.e., by increasing the VEGF production) was poorly associated with mutations in genes that have been related to diminished clinical benefit of the treatment with BRAF inhibitors. Screening for mutations in BRAF and other MAPK genes should be included in the routine diagnostic test for a better classification of SNM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Colombino
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S., 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Cossu
- Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU), 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Valli De Re
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), 33081 Pordenone, Italy.
| | - Gianmaria Miolo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), 33081 Pordenone, Italy.
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Filippo Fraggetta
- Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Cannizzaro, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonella Manca
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Sini
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Milena Casula
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Grazia Palomba
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Marina Pisano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Valentina Doneddu
- Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU), 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Amelia Lissia
- Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU), 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | | | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Epidemiology and genetic susceptibility of malignant melanoma in North Sardinia, Italy. Eur J Cancer Prev 2018; 26:263-267. [PMID: 26999380 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this report was to study the descriptive and genetic epidemiology of malignant melanoma in North Sardinia, Italy, in the period 1992-2011. Epidemiological data were obtained from the local tumor registry, which is part of the Italian Association for Tumor Registries. Among patients included in the North Sardinia tumor registry, 316 patients first evaluated for familial recurrence of melanoma were submitted to mutation analysis in CDKN2A and CDK4 genes. The overall number of cases registered was 532. The male-to-female ratio was 1 : 1 and the mean age was 56 years for men and 55 years for women. The standardized incidence rates were 4.9/100 000 and 4.4/100 000 and the standardized mortality rates were 1.7/100 000 and 1.3/100 000 for men and women, respectively. The relative 5-year survival was 77% for men and 79% for women. In our series, 24/316 (7.6%) patients had a familial occurrence of melanoma (presence of at least one additional family member affected). Among these, one variant (Gly23Asp), reported previously as a low-frequency disease-causing mutation, was detected by mutational screening in the p16 gene only. With the exception of polymorphisms, none of either the sporadic melanoma patients or healthy controls presented a germline mutation in candidate genes. An increase in incidence and a decrease in mortality rates of malignant melanoma were registered in North Sardinia, from 1992 to 2011, whereas survival was similar to that reported in recent international reports. The high-penetrance melanoma susceptibility genes (CDKN2A and CDK4) are not involved in predisposition to melanoma in North Sardinia.
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