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Hoffman GR, Olson MG, Schoffstall AM, Estévez RF, Van den Eynde V, Gillman PK, Stabio ME. Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Selegiline, Isocarboxazid, Phenelzine, and Tranylcypromine. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4064-4075. [PMID: 37966854 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in the 1950s marked a significant breakthrough in medicine, creating a powerful new category of drug: the antidepressant. In the years and decades that followed, MAOIs have been used in the treatment of several pathologies including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and various cancers and as anti-inflammatory agents. Despite once enjoying widespread use, MAOIs have dwindled in popularity due to side effects, food-drug interactions, and the introduction of other antidepressant drug classes such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The recently published prescriber's guide for the use of MAOIs in treating depression has kindled a resurgence of their use in the clinical space. It is therefore timely to review key aspects of the four "classic" MAOIs: high-dose selegiline, isocarboxazid, phenelzine, and tranylcypromine. This review discusses their chemical synthesis, metabolism, pharmacology, adverse effects, and the history and importance of these drugs within the broader field of chemical neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Hoffman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States
| | - Madeline G Olson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Allen M Schoffstall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States
| | - Ryan F Estévez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- Tampa Bay Neurobehavior Institute, 6311 Sheldon Road, Tampa Bay, Florida 33615, United States
| | - Vincent Van den Eynde
- PsychoTropical Research, Bucasia, Queensland 4740, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, RadboudUMC, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter K Gillman
- PsychoTropical Research, Bucasia, Queensland 4740, Australia
| | - Maureen E Stabio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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Nyarko JNK, Heistad RM, Pennington PR, Mousseau DD. Detecting Monoamine Oxidase A and B Proteins: A Western Blotting Protocol and Some Practical Considerations. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2558:123-141. [PMID: 36169860 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2643-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The expression of the two isoforms of monoamine oxidase (MAO A and MAO B) is often inferred from proxy measures such as mRNA transcript levels or catalytic activity. Yet the literature is clear that the proportionality of protein, mRNA, and activity does not guarantee that any of these measures can be used as a proxy for any of the others. Here we provide a protocol for the detection of MAO proteins in cell lysates that can be adapted readily to tissue preparations. Given that MAOs influence many physiological and pathological processes, we feel it is essential to include measures of protein expression when exploring genetic regulation or catalytic properties of these important enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan M Heistad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Paul R Pennington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Darrell D Mousseau
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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