1
|
Kenny SE, Antaw F, Locke WJ, Howard CB, Korbie D, Trau M. Next-Generation Molecular Discovery: From Bottom-Up In Vivo and In Vitro Approaches to In Silico Top-Down Approaches for Therapeutics Neogenesis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030363. [PMID: 35330114 PMCID: PMC8950575 DOI: 10.3390/life12030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein and drug engineering comprises a major part of the medical and research industries, and yet approaches to discovering and understanding therapeutic molecular interactions in biological systems rely on trial and error. The general approach to molecular discovery involves screening large libraries of compounds, proteins, or antibodies, or in vivo antibody generation, which could be considered “bottom-up” approaches to therapeutic discovery. In these bottom-up approaches, a minimal amount is known about the therapeutics at the start of the process, but through meticulous and exhaustive laboratory work, the molecule is characterised in detail. In contrast, the advent of “big data” and access to extensive online databases and machine learning technologies offers promising new avenues to understanding molecular interactions. Artificial intelligence (AI) now has the potential to predict protein structure at an unprecedented accuracy using only the genetic sequence. This predictive approach to characterising molecular structure—when accompanied by high-quality experimental data for model training—has the capacity to invert the process of molecular discovery and characterisation. The process has potential to be transformed into a top-down approach, where new molecules can be designed directly based on the structure of a target and the desired function, rather than performing screening of large libraries of molecular variants. This paper will provide a brief evaluation of bottom-up approaches to discovering and characterising biological molecules and will discuss recent advances towards developing top-down approaches and the prospects of this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E. Kenny
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.E.K.); (F.A.); (C.B.H.)
| | - Fiach Antaw
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.E.K.); (F.A.); (C.B.H.)
| | - Warwick J. Locke
- Molecular Diagnostic Solutions, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Building 101, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
| | - Christopher B. Howard
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.E.K.); (F.A.); (C.B.H.)
| | - Darren Korbie
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.E.K.); (F.A.); (C.B.H.)
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.E.K.); (F.A.); (C.B.H.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Burggren W, Rojas Antich M. Angiogenesis in the Avian Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane: A Perspective on Research Trends and a Case Study on Toxicant Vascular Effects. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040056. [PMID: 33291457 PMCID: PMC7762154 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the avian embryo is an intrinsically interesting gas exchange and osmoregulation organ. Beyond study by comparative biologists, however, the CAM vascular bed has been the focus of translational studies by cardiovascular life scientists interested in the CAM as a model for probing angiogenesis, heart development, and physiological functions. In this perspective article, we consider areas of cardiovascular research that have benefited from studies of the CAM, including the themes of investigation of the CAM's hemodynamic influence on heart and central vessel development, use of the CAM as a model vascular bed for studying angiogenesis, and the CAM as an assay tool. A case study on CAM vascularization effects of very low doses of crude oil as a toxicant is also presented that embraces some of these themes, showing the induction of subtle changes in the pattern of the CAM vasculature growth that are not readily observed by standard vascular assessment methodologies. We conclude by raising several questions in the area of CAM research, including the following: (1) Do changes in patterns of CAM growth, as opposed to absolute CAM growth, have biological significance?; (2) How does the relative amount of CAM vascularization compared to the embryo per se change during development?; and (3) Is the CAM actually representative of the mammalian systemic vascular beds that it is presumed to model?
Collapse
|
3
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Shuyan Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Gu
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lam ATN, Yoon JH, Ly NH, Joo SW. Electrostatically Self-assembled Quinazoline-based Anticancer Drugs on Negatively-charged Nanodiamonds for Overcoming the Chemoresistances in Lung Cancer Cells. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-017-2209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
5
|
Kang K, Ma J, Yi Q, Gu Z. Localized drug release and effective chemotherapy by hyperthermia-governed bubble-generating hybrid nanocapsule system. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2763-2783. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To build up a remote triggering drug delivery system with hyperthermia-responsive ammonium bicarbonate salt and investigate its effects on tumor therapy. Materials & methods: This hybrid nanocapsule system was prepared by a different strategy, doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated in the heparin shell first and then ammonium bicarbonate was diffused into the nanocapsules to generate DOX-bicarbonate salt, its characterizations and effects on tumor therapy were investigated. Results: Upon exposure to mild external thermal treatment (42°C), DOX-bicarbonate salt began to decompose with the recovery of DOX fluorescence, carbon dioxide generation and rapid DOX release out of the nanocapsules, exhibiting great abilities to accumulate at tumor site rapidly and inhibit tumor cell growth. Conclusion: These hybrid nanocapsules demonstrate great potential in clinical applications triggering by external thermal treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Kang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jin Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qiangying Yi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao VJ, D'Angelo S, Butler KS, Theron C, Smith TL, Marchiò S, Gelovani JG, Sidman RL, Dobroff AS, Brinker CJ, Bradbury ARM, Arap W, Pasqualini R. Ligand-targeted theranostic nanomedicines against cancer. J Control Release 2016; 240:267-286. [PMID: 26772878 PMCID: PMC5444905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicines have significant potential for cancer treatment. Although the majority of nanomedicines currently tested in clinical trials utilize simple, biocompatible liposome-based nanocarriers, their widespread use is limited by non-specificity and low target site concentration and thus, do not provide a substantial clinical advantage over conventional, systemic chemotherapy. In the past 20years, we have identified specific receptors expressed on the surfaces of tumor endothelial and perivascular cells, tumor cells, the extracellular matrix and stromal cells using combinatorial peptide libraries displayed on bacteriophage. These studies corroborate the notion that unique receptor proteins such as IL-11Rα, GRP78, EphA5, among others, are differentially overexpressed in tumors and present opportunities to deliver tumor-specific therapeutic drugs. By using peptides that bind to tumor-specific cell-surface receptors, therapeutic agents such as apoptotic peptides, suicide genes, imaging dyes or chemotherapeutics can be precisely and systemically delivered to reduce tumor growth in vivo, without harming healthy cells. Given the clinical applicability of peptide-based therapeutics, targeted delivery of nanocarriers loaded with therapeutic cargos seems plausible. We propose a modular design of a functionalized protocell in which a tumor-targeting moiety, such as a peptide or recombinant human antibody single chain variable fragment (scFv), is conjugated to a lipid bilayer surrounding a silica-based nanocarrier core containing a protected therapeutic cargo. The functionalized protocell can be tailored to a specific cancer subtype and treatment regimen by exchanging the tumor-targeting moiety and/or therapeutic cargo or used in combination to create unique, theranostic agents. In this review, we summarize the identification of tumor-specific receptors through combinatorial phage display technology and the use of antibody display selection to identify recombinant human scFvs against these tumor-specific receptors. We compare the characteristics of different types of simple and complex nanocarriers, and discuss potential types of therapeutic cargos and conjugation strategies. The modular design of functionalized protocells may improve the efficacy and safety of nanomedicines for future cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia J Yao
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Sara D'Angelo
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Kimberly S Butler
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Christophe Theron
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Tracey L Smith
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Serena Marchiò
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, 10060, Italy
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Richard L Sidman
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Andrey S Dobroff
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Self-Assembled Materials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185
| | - Andrew R M Bradbury
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, 87545
| | - Wadih Arap
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131.
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Theranostic hyaluronic acid prodrug micelles with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for targeted drug delivery. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
8
|
Tsai LC, Hsieh HY, Lu KY, Wang SY, Mi FL. EGCG/gelatin-doxorubicin gold nanoparticles enhance therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin for prostate cancer treatment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:9-30. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Development of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and gelatin-doxorubicin conjugate (GLT-DOX)-coated gold nanoparticles (DOX-GLT/EGCG AuNPs) for fluorescence imaging and inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth. Materials & methods: AuNPs alternatively coated with EGCG and DOX-GLT conjugates were prepared by a layer-by-layer assembly method. The physicochemical properties of the AuNPs and the effect of Laminin 67R receptor-mediated endocytosis on the anticancer efficacy of the AuNPs were examined. Results: The AuNPs significantly inhibit the proliferation of PC-3 cancer cell and the enzyme-responsive intracellular release of DOX could be tracked by monitoring the recovery of the fluorescence signal of DOX. Conclusion: Laminin 67R receptor-mediated delivery of DOX using the AuNPs enhanced cellular uptake of DOX and improved apoptosis of PC-3 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chu Tsai
- Institute of Organic & Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ying Hsieh
- Institute of Organic & Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ying Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Fwu-Long Mi
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine & Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharma A, Kakkar A. Designing Dendrimer and Miktoarm Polymer Based Multi-Tasking Nanocarriers for Efficient Medical Therapy. Molecules 2015; 20:16987-7015. [PMID: 26393546 PMCID: PMC6332070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To address current complex health problems, there has been an increasing demand for smart nanocarriers that could perform multiple complimentary biological tasks with high efficacy. This has provoked the design of tailor made nanocarriers, and the scientific community has made tremendous effort in meeting daunting challenges associated with synthetically articulating multiple functions into a single scaffold. Branched and hyper-branched macromolecular architectures have offered opportunities in enabling carriers with capabilities including location, delivery, imaging etc. Development of simple and versatile synthetic methodologies for these nanomaterials has been the key in diversifying macromolecule based medical therapy and treatment. This review highlights the advancement from conventional "only one function" to multifunctional nanomedicine. It is achieved by synthetic elaboration of multivalent platforms in miktoarm polymers and dendrimers by physical encapsulation, covalent linking and combinations thereof.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|