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Huang Y, Han M, Shi Q, Li X, Mo J, Liu Y, Chu Z, Li W. Li, P HY-021068 alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasome and restoring autophagy function in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114583. [PMID: 37884189 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a severe pathological condition that involves oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and neuronal damage. HY-021068 belongs to a new drug of chemical class 1, which is a potential thromboxane synthase inhibitor. Our preliminary experiment found that HY-021068 has significant anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the protective effect and mechanism of HY-021068 in CIRI remain unclear. To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of HY-021068 in CIRI mice. In mice, CIRI was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion. Mice were treated with HY-021068 or LV-NLRP1-shRNA (lentivirus-mediated shRNA transfection to knock down NLRP1 expression). The locomotor activity, neuronal damage, pathological changes, postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) expression, NLRP1 inflammasome activation, autophagy markers, and apoptotic proteins were assessed in CIRI mice. In this study, treatment with HY-021065 and LV-NLRP1-shRNA significantly improved motor dysfunction and neuronal damage after CIRI in mice. HY-021065 and NLRP1 knockdown significantly ameliorated the pathological damage and increased PSD-95 expression in the cortex and hippocampus CA1 and CA3 regions. The further studies showed that compared with the CIRI model group, HY-021065 and NLRP1 knockdown treatment inhibited the expressions of NLRP1, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β, restored the expressions of p-AMPK/AMPK, Beclin1, LC3II/LC3I, p-mTOR/m-TOR and P62, and regulated the expressions of BCL-2, Caspase3, and BAX in brain tissues of CIRI mice in CIRI mice. These results suggest that HY-021068 exerts a protective role in CIRI mice by inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasome activation and regulating autophagy function and neuronal apoptosis. HY-021068 is expected to become a new therapeutic drug for CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Min Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qifeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xuewang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajia Mo
- Hefei Industrial and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hefei 230200, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaoxing Chu
- Hefei Industrial and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hefei 230200, Anhui, China.
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Zhang K, Loong SSE, Yuen LZH, Venketasubramanian N, Chin HL, Lai PS, Tan BYQ. Genetics in Ischemic Stroke: Current Perspectives and Future Directions. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:495. [PMID: 38132662 PMCID: PMC10743455 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10120495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a heterogeneous condition influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Recent advancements have explored genetics in relation to various aspects of ischemic stroke, including the alteration of individual stroke occurrence risk, modulation of treatment response, and effectiveness of post-stroke functional recovery. This article aims to review the recent findings from genetic studies related to various clinical and molecular aspects of ischemic stroke. The potential clinical applications of these genetic insights in stratifying stroke risk, guiding personalized therapy, and identifying new therapeutic targets are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Zhang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Shaun S. E. Loong
- Cardiovascular-Metabolic Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Linus Z. H. Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | | | - Hui-Lin Chin
- Khoo Teck Puat National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Poh San Lai
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
| | - Benjamin Y. Q. Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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Li L, Zhang D, Yao W, Wu Z, Cheng J, Ji Y, Dong L, Zhao C, Wang H. Ligustrazine exerts neuroprotective effects via circ_0008146/miR-709/Cx3cr1 axis to inhibit cell apoptosis and inflammation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:244-255. [PMID: 36244580 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ligustrazine is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has long been used to treat cerebral ischemic disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms of ligustrazine in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage have not been clear elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine the neuroprotective mechanisms of ligustrazine in cerebral I/R. METHODS 9 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided to three groups: Sham group (n = 3), Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group (n = 3), and MCAO + Ligustrazine group (n = 3). The neurological deficit score was evaluated, the cerebral infarct volume was measured by triphenylterazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Differentially expressed (DE) messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) were analyzed using the R package DEseq2 based on P-value < 0.05 and Log2 |fold change (FC)| ≥ 2 in sham group vs MCAO group and MCAO group vs ligustrazine group by high-throughput sequencing. Function enrichment analysis, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) of neurogenesis related genes were performed. The neurogenesis related competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed. RESULTS The expression of circ_0008146 was considerably higher in the MCAO group than the Sham group, and ligustrazine treatment markedly decreased the expression of circ_0008146 in MCAO. Next, the circ_0008146 ceRNA network was established, including circ_0008146-miR-709-Cx3cr1 ceRNA network. Besides, real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay identified that miR-709 expression was considerably lower and Cx3cr1 expression was higher in the MCAO group than Sham group, and ligustrazine treatment markedly increased the miR-709 expression and reduced Cx3cr1 expression in MCAO. Further, silencing of circ_0008146 inhibited the concentration of Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and reduced neuron cell death and up-regulated miR-709 expression and down-regulated Cx3cr1 expression in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced BV-2 cells. Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay verified that circ_0008146 targeted miR-709. CONCLUSION Ligustrazine targets circ_0008146/miR-709/Cx3cr1 axis to inhibit cell apoptosis and inflammation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - DingWen Zhang
- NYU School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wentao Yao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Zongkai Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Jinming Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Yingxiao Ji
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Lipeng Dong
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Congying Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Hebo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China.
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Genome-Wide Studies in Ischaemic Stroke: Are Genetics Only Useful for Finding Genes? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126840. [PMID: 35743317 PMCID: PMC9224543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke is a complex disease with some degree of heritability. This means that heritability factors, such as genetics, could be risk factors for ischaemic stroke. The era of genome-wide studies has revealed some of these heritable risk factors, although the data generated by these studies may also be useful in other disciplines. Analysis of these data can be used to understand the biological mechanisms associated with stroke risk and stroke outcome, to determine the causality between stroke and other diseases without the need for expensive clinical trials, or to find potential drug targets with higher success rates than other strategies. In this review we will discuss several of the most relevant studies regarding the genetics of ischaemic stroke and the potential use of the data generated.
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