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Franco AFDV, Malinverni ACM, Waitzberg AFL. Immunoexpression of HER2 pathway related markers in HER2 invasive breast carcinomas treated with trastuzumab. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 252:154917. [PMID: 37977031 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the immunoexpression of potential markers involved in the HER2 pathway in invasive breast carcinoma with HER2 amplification treated with trastuzumab. METHODS Samples of ninety patients diagnosed and treated at two public Brazilian hospitals with overexpressed invasive carcinoma between 2009 and 2018 were included. Several markers (Bcl-2, CDK4, cyclin D1, EGFR, IGF1, IGF-1R, MDM2, MUC4, p16, p21, p27, p53, PTEN, RA, TNFα, and VEGF) were immune analyzed in the tumor by immunohistochemistry and then correlated with clinicopathological variables. RESULTS Tumor sample expression results determined potential markers of good prognosis with statistically significant values: cyclin D1 with a nuclear grade, and recurrence; IGF-1 with tumor size, and death; p16 with a response after treatment; PTEN with a response after treatment, and death. Markers of poor prognosis: p53 with histological, and nuclear grade; IGF-1R with a compromised lymph node. The treatment resistance rate after trastuzumab was 40%; the overall survival was 4.13 years (95% CI 5.1-12.5) and the disease-free survival was 3.6 years (95% CI 5.1-13.1). CONCLUSIONS The tumor samples profile demonstrated that cyclin D1, IGF-1, p16, and PTEN presented the potential for a good prognosis and p53 and IGF-1R for worse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Fabiana do Vale Franco
- Pathology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista, de Medicina, Botucatu Street, 740, 1st Floor Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Federal, de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Pedro de Toledo Street, 781, 5th Floor - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Cristina Moraes Malinverni
- Pathology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista, de Medicina, Botucatu Street, 740, 1st Floor Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Federal, de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Pedro de Toledo Street, 781, 5th Floor - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Angela Flavia Logullo Waitzberg
- Pathology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista, de Medicina, Botucatu Street, 740, 1st Floor Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Federal, de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Pedro de Toledo Street, 781, 5th Floor - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Qiao RQ, Zhang HR, Ma RX, Li RF, Hu YC. Prognostic Factors for Bone Survival and Functional Outcomes in Patients With Breast Cancer Spine Metastases. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221122642. [PMID: 36214255 PMCID: PMC9551339 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221122642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the Global Cancer Statistics 2020 report, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Patients with mammary cancer live longer due to the continuous optimization of chemotherapy, targeted drugs, and hormone therapy, which will inevitably lead to an increase in the prevalence of metastatic bone tumors. Bone metastasis affects approximately 8% of patients with mammary cancer, with the spine being the most common site. Metastatic neoplasms can invade the centrum and its attachments, leading to local pain, spinal instability, vertebral pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, impaired neurological function, and paralysis, ultimately reducing the quality of life. Multidisciplinary and personalized management using analgesic drugs, endocrine therapy, corticosteroid therapy, chemotherapy, bisphosphonates, immunotherapy, targeted drugs, radiotherapy, and surgery has been advocated for the treatment of spinal metastases. Multiple paradigms and systems have been proposed to determine suitable treatments. In the early stages, the occurrence of metastasis indicates a terminal stage of the tumor process in patients with malignant tumors, implying that their lifespan is limited. As a result, the choice of treatment is heavily influenced by longevity. However, with the development of treatment methods, the lifespan of patients with tumors has considerably increased in recent years. This leads to the choice of patient's treatment, which depends not only on the patient's survival, but also on the radiotherapy or postoperative functional outcomes. Nevertheless, they fall short of determining the variables that affect survival and functional outcomes in histology-specific subgroups of breast cancer. To accurately predict the bone survival and functional outcomes of patients with breast cancer spine metastases a review of prognostic factors was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-qi Qiao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology,
Tianjin
Hospital, Tianjin, China,Graduate School, Tianjin Medical
University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology,
Tianjin
Hospital, Tianjin, China,Graduate School, Tianjin Medical
University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong-Xing Ma
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology,
Tianjin
Hospital, Tianjin, China,Graduate School, Tianjin Medical
University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui-feng Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology,
Tianjin
Hospital, Tianjin, China,Graduate School, Tianjin Medical
University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong-cheng Hu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology,
Tianjin
Hospital, Tianjin, China,Yong-cheng Hu MD, PhD, Department of Bone
and Soft Tissue Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, 406 Jiefang Southern Road, Tianjin,
China.
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3
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Sheyi R, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Linkers: An Assurance for Controlled Delivery of Antibody-Drug Conjugate. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020396. [PMID: 35214128 PMCID: PMC8874516 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the major therapeutic options for cancer treatment, chemotherapy has limited selectivity against cancer cells. Consequently, this therapeutic strategy offers a small therapeutic window with potentially high toxicity and thus limited efficacy of doses that can be tolerated by patients. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging class of anti-cancer therapeutic drugs that can deliver highly cytotoxic molecules directly to cancer cells. To date, twelve ADCs have received market approval, with several others in clinical stages. ADCs have become a powerful class of therapeutic agents in oncology and hematology. ADCs consist of recombinant monoclonal antibodies that are covalently bound to cytotoxic chemicals via synthetic linkers. The linker has a key role in ADC outcomes because its characteristics substantially impact the therapeutic index efficacy and pharmacokinetics of these drugs. Stable linkers and ADCs can maintain antibody concentration in blood circulation, and they do not release the cytotoxic drug before it reaches its target, thus resulting in minimum off-target effects. The linkers used in ADC development can be classified as cleavable and non-cleavable. The former, in turn, can be grouped into three types: hydrazone, disulfide, or peptide linkers. In this review, we highlight the various linkers used in ADC development and their design strategy, release mechanisms, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotimi Sheyi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- Kwazulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Correspondence: (B.G.d.l.T.); (F.A.); Tel.: +27-614-047-528 (B.G.d.l.T.); +27-6140-09144 (F.A.)
| | - Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.G.d.l.T.); (F.A.); Tel.: +27-614-047-528 (B.G.d.l.T.); +27-6140-09144 (F.A.)
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4
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Lee J, Mehrotra S, Zare-Eelanjegh E, Rodrigues RO, Akbarinejad A, Ge D, Amato L, Kiaee K, Fang Y, Rosenkranz A, Keung W, Mandal BB, Li RA, Zhang T, Lee H, Dokmeci MR, Zhang YS, Khademhosseini A, Shin SR. A Heart-Breast Cancer-on-a-Chip Platform for Disease Modeling and Monitoring of Cardiotoxicity Induced by Cancer Chemotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004258. [PMID: 33094918 PMCID: PMC8049959 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is one of the most serious side effects of cancer chemotherapy. Current approaches to monitoring of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CIC) as well as model systems that develop in vivo or in vitro CIC platforms fail to notice early signs of CIC. Moreover, breast cancer (BC) patients with preexisting cardiac dysfunctions may lead to different incident levels of CIC. Here, a model is presented for investigating CIC where not only induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiac tissues are interacted with BC tissues on a dual-organ platform, but electrochemical immuno-aptasensors can also monitor cell-secreted multiple biomarkers. Fibrotic stages of iPSC-derived cardiac tissues are promoted with a supplement of transforming growth factor-β 1 to assess the differential functionality in healthy and fibrotic cardiac tissues after treatment with doxorubicin (DOX). The production trend of biomarkers evaluated by using the immuno-aptasensors well-matches the outcomes from conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, demonstrating the accuracy of the authors' sensing platform with much higher sensitivity and lower detection limits for early monitoring of CIC and BC progression. Furthermore, the versatility of this platform is demonstrated by applying a nanoparticle-based DOX-delivery system. The proposed platform would potentially help allow early detection and prediction of CIC in individual patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Lee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Shreya Mehrotra
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Elaheh Zare-Eelanjegh
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Raquel O Rodrigues
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal
| | - Alireza Akbarinejad
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-175, Iran
| | - David Ge
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Luca Amato
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kiavash Kiaee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - YongCong Fang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Aliza Rosenkranz
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wendy Keung
- Dr. Li Dak Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Ronald A Li
- Dr. Li Dak Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - HeaYeon Lee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- MARA Nanotech New York, inc., New York, NY, 10031-9101, USA
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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5
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Gaibar M, Beltrán L, Romero-Lorca A, Fernández-Santander A, Novillo A. Somatic Mutations in HER2 and Implications for Current Treatment Paradigms in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:6375956. [PMID: 32256585 PMCID: PMC7081042 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6375956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In one of every four or five cases of breast cancer, the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) gene is overexpressed. These carcinomas are known as HER2-positive. HER2 overexpression is linked to an aggressive phenotype and a lower rate of disease-free and overall survival. Drugs such as trastuzumab, pertuzumab, lapatinib, neratinib, and the more recent afatinib target the deregulation of HER2 expression. Some authors have attributed somatic mutations in HER2, a role in resistance to anti-HER2 therapy as differential regulation of HER2 has been observed among patients. Recently, studies in metastatic ER + tumors suggest that some HER2 mutations emerge as a mechanism of acquired resistance to endocrine therapy. In an effort to identify possible biomarkers of the efficacy of anti-HER2 therapy, we here review the known single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the HER2 gene found in HER2-positive breast cancer patients and their relationship with clinical outcomes. Information was recompiled on 11 somatic HER2 SNPs. Seven polymorphisms are located in the tyrosine kinase domain region of the gene contrasting with the low number of mutations found in extracellular and transmembrane areas. HER2-positive patients carrying S310F, S310Y, R678Q, D769H, or I767M mutations seem good candidates for anti-HER2 therapy as they show favorable outcomes and a good response to current pharmacological treatments. Carrying the L755S or D769Y mutation could also confer benefits when receiving neratinib or afatinib. By contrast, patients with mutations L755S, V842I, K753I, or D769Y do not seem to benefit from trastuzumab. Resistance to lapatinib has been reported in patients with L755S, V842I, and K753I. These data suggest that exploring HER2 SNPs in each patient could help individualize anti-HER2 therapies. Advances in our understanding of the genetics of the HER2 gene and its relations with the efficacy of anti-HER2 treatments are needed to improve the outcomes of patients with this aggressive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gaibar
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo, S/N, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Beltrán
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo, S/N, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Romero-Lorca
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo, S/N, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Santander
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo, S/N, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Apolonia Novillo
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo, S/N, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
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Lima ZS, Ghadamzadeh M, Arashloo FT, Amjad G, Ebadi MR, Younesi L. Recent advances of therapeutic targets based on the molecular signature in breast cancer: genetic mutations and implications for current treatment paradigms. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:38. [PMID: 30975222 PMCID: PMC6460547 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women all over the world. Genetic background of women contributes to her risk of having breast cancer. Certain inherited DNA mutations can dramatically increase the risk of developing certain cancers and are responsible for many of the cancers that run in some families. Regarding the widespread multigene panels, whole exome sequencing is capable of providing the evaluation of genetic function mutations for development novel strategy in clinical trials. Targeting the mutant proteins involved in breast cancer can be an effective therapeutic approach for developing novel drugs. This systematic review discusses gene mutations linked to breast cancer, focusing on signaling pathways that are being targeted with investigational therapeutic strategies, where clinical trials could be potentially initiated in the future are being highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Safarpour Lima
- Shahid Akbar Abadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShCRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghadamzadeh
- Departement of Radiology, Hasheminejad Kidney Centre (HKC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghazaleh Amjad
- Shahid Akbar Abadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShCRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ebadi
- Shohadaye Haft-e-tir Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Younesi
- Shahid Akbar Abadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShCRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Li X, Xu Y, Ding Y, Li C, Zhao H, Wang J, Meng S. Posttranscriptional upregulation of HER3 by HER2 mRNA induces trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:113. [PMID: 30068375 PMCID: PMC6090962 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER2 gene amplification generates an enormous number of HER2 transcripts, but the global effects on endogenous miRNA targets including HER family members in breast cancer are unexplored. METHODS We generated a HER2-3'UTR expressing vector to test the tumor-promoting properties in HER2 low expressing T47D and MCF7 cells. Through microarray analysis and real-time PCR analysis we identified genes that were regulated by HER2-3'UTR. Positive and negative manipulation of miRNA expression, response element mutational studies and transcript reporter assays were performed to explore the mechanism of competitive sequestration of miR125a/miRNA125b by HER2 3'UTR. To investigate if trastuzumab-induced upregulation of HER3 is also mediated through miRNA de-repression, we used the CRISPR/cas9 to mutate the endogenous HER2 mRNA in HER2 over-expressing Au565 cells. Finally, we looked at cohorts of breast cancer samples of our own and the TCGA to show if HER2 and HER3 mRNAs correlate with each other. RESULTS The HER2 3'UTR pronouncedly promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, and breast tumor growth. High-throughput sequencing revealed a significant increase in HER3 mRNA and protein levels by the HER2 3'untranslated region (3'UTR). The HER2 3'UTR harboring a shared miR-125a/b response element induced miR-125a/b sequestration and thus resulted in HER3 mRNA derepression. Trastuzumab treatment upregulated HER3 via elevated HER2 mRNA expression, leading to trastuzumab resistance. Depletion of miR-125a/b enhanced the antitumor activity of trastuzumab. Microarray data from HER2-overexpressing primary breast cancer showed significant elevation of mRNAs for predicted miR-125a/b targets compared to non-targets. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HER2 3'UTR-mediated HER3 upregulation is involved in breast cell transformation, increased tumor growth, and resistance to anti-HER2 therapy. The combinatorial targeting of HER3 mRNA or miR-125a/b may offer an effective tool for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxiu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Songdong Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Wang Y, Yan L, Zhang L, Xu H, Chen T, Li Y, Wang H, Chen S, Wang W, Chen C, Yang Q. NT21MP negatively regulates paclitaxel-resistant cells by targeting miR‑155‑3p and miR‑155-5p via the CXCR4 pathway in breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1043-1054. [PMID: 30015868 PMCID: PMC6065429 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are vital in cell growth, migration, and invasion by inhibiting their target genes. A previous study demonstrated that miRNA (miR)-155-3p and miR-155-5p exerted opposite effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in breast cancer cell lines. An miRNA microarray was used to show that miR-155-3p was downregulated whereas miR-155-5p was upregulated in paclitaxel-resistant (PR) cells compared with parental breast cancer cells. However, the role of miR-155 in breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis remains to be elucidated. A 21-residue peptide derived from the viral macrophage inflammatory protein II (NT21MP), competes with the ligand of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand stromal cell-derived factor-1α, inducing cell apoptosis in breast cancer. The present study aimed to identify the underlying mechanism of action of miR-155-3p/5p and NT21MP in PR breast cancer cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, wound-healing, cell cycle and apoptosis assays, and Cell Counting kit-8 assay were used to achieve this goal. The combined overexpression of miR-155-3p with NT21MP decreased the migration and invasion ability and increased the number of apoptotic and arrested cells in the G0/G1 phase transition in vitro. The knockdown of miR-155-5p combined with NT21MP had a similar effect on PR breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of their target gene myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88) or tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1) combined with NT21MP enhanced the sensitivity of the breast cancer cells to paclitaxel. Taken together, these findings suggested that miR-155-3p/5p and their target genes MYD88 and TP53INP1 may serve as novel biomarkers for NT21MP therapy through the CXCR4 pathway for improving sensitivity to paclitaxel in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Henan Xu
- Department of Biotechnology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Sulian Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Changjie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Qingling Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
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9
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Evaluation of Prognostic Factors and Proposed Changes to the Modified Tokuhashi Score in Patients With Spinal Metastases From Breast Cancer. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018; 43:512-519. [PMID: 28749856 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study of all patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer spinal metastases presenting to a single institution between May 2001 and April 2012. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether the 2014mT is more accurate than the 2005mT. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The commonly used 2005 modified Tokuhashi score (2005mT) has become more inaccurate as oncologists move toward treating tumors according to their molecular and genomic profile, rather than their tissue-of-origin. In attempts to improve the accuracy of the 2005mT, a revised score (2014mT) was published, suggesting that hormone receptor negative and triple-negative breast cancer patients be given a modified Tokuhashi histological score of 3 rather than 5. METHODS Demographic characteristics, tumor receptor status, clinical findings in relation to the primary tumor and its metastases, and actual survival time were collated. The 2005mT was compared with the 2014mT. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the influence of each parameter on survival, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine predictive values of each score version. RESULTS Of the 185 patients included, 32 underwent operative treatment, while 153 were managed nonoperatively for their spinal metastases. The overall cohort had a median survival time of 24 months following the diagnosis of spinal metastases, with a 6-month survival rate of 90%. Hormone, HER2 and triple-negative receptor statuses were significant predictors of poorer survival upon multivariate analysis (P = 0.004, P = 0.007, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). Age, the original Tokuhashi score components, previous breast surgery for cancer, previous radiotherapy to the breast, previous radiotherapy to the spine, previous chemotherapy, and previous immunotherapy were not significant. At 6 months, the 2005mT AUROC was 0.62, while that of the 2014mT was 0.64 (P = 0.5394). CONCLUSION Tumor histological subtype is crucial when prognosticating the survival of patients with breast cancer spinal metastases. Although the 2014mT was marginally more accurate than the 2005mT, its predictive ability remains poor. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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10
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Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Hosseinzade A, Salehi M, Merikhian P, Farahmand L. Monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics, targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor family: from herceptin to Pan HER. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:841-854. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Monoclonal antibody-based of cancer therapy has been considered as one of the most successful therapeutic strategies for both haematologic malignancies and solid tumours in the last two decades. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family signalling pathways play a key role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Hence, anti-EGFR family mAbs is one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy.
Key findings
Here, recent advances in anti-EGFR mAb including approved or successfully tested in preclinical and clinical studies have been reviewed. Although we focus on monoclonal antibodies against the EGF receptor, but the mechanisms underlying the effects of EGFR-specific mAb in cancer therapy, to some extend the resistance to existing anti-EGFR therapies and some therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance such as combination of mAbs on different pathways are briefly discussed as well.
Summary
The EGFR family receptors, is considered as an attractive target for mAb development to inhibit their consecutive activities in tumour growth and resistance. However, due to resistance mechanisms, the combination therapies may become a good candidate for targeting EGFR family receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Moradi-Kalbolandi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysooda Hosseinzade
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Salehi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnaz Merikhian
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Bredemeier M, Edimiris P, Tewes M, Mach P, Aktas B, Schellbach D, Wagner J, Kimmig R, Kasimir-Bauer S. Establishment of a multimarker qPCR panel for the molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in blood samples of metastatic breast cancer patients during the course of palliative treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41677-41690. [PMID: 27223437 PMCID: PMC5173087 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are discussed to be an ideal surrogate marker for individualized treatment in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) since metastatic tissue is often difficult to obtain for repeated analysis. We established a nine gene qPCR panel to characterize the heterogeneous CTC population in MBC patients including epithelial CTC, their receptors (EPCAM, ERBB2, ERBB3, EGFR) CTC in Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition [(EMT); PIK3CA, AKT2), stem cell-like CTC (ALDH1) as well as resistant CTC (ERCC1, AURKA] to identify individual therapeutic targets. Results At TP0, at least one marker was detected in 84%, at TP1 in 74% and at TP2 in 79% of the patients, respectively. The expression of ERBB2, ERBB3 and ERCC1 alone or in combination with AURKA was significantly associated with therapy failure. ERBB2 + CTC were only detected in patients not receiving ERBB2 targeted therapies which correlated with no response. Furthermore, patients responding at TP2 had a significantly prolonged overall-survival than patients never responding (p = 0.0090). Patients and Methods 2 × 5 ml blood of 62 MBC patients was collected at the time of disease progression (TP0) and at two clinical staging time points (TP1 and TP2) after 8–12 weeks of chemo-, hormone or antibody therapy for the detection of CTC (AdnaTest EMT-2/StemCell Select™, QIAGEN Hannover GmbH, Germany). After pre-amplification, multiplex qPCR was performed. Establishment was performed using various cancer cell lines. PTPRC (Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C) and GAPDH served as controls. Conclusions Monitoring MBC patients using a multimarker qPCR panel for the characterization of CTC might help to treat patients accordingly in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Bredemeier
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philippos Edimiris
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mitra Tewes
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pawel Mach
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bahriye Aktas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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12
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Che W, Bao Y, Tang F. Down-regulation of C35 decreased the cell viability and migration of breast ductal carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183941. [PMID: 28859163 PMCID: PMC5578656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-targeted therapies is common, and results in treatment failure and new tumor progression. C35 is over-expressed in many invasive breast cancer endogenously, and functions as an oncogene in breast cancer cell lines. Methods The current study aims to investigate effects of C35 on cell viability and migration of HER2-positive breast tumor cells and explore possible mechanisms. The protein expression of C35 in BT-474 breast ductal carcinoma cells was interfered by siRNAs. MTT assay was utilized to detect the viability of BT474 breast ductal carcinoma cells after transfection. The migration of BT474 breast ductal carcinoma cells was examined by cell wound scratch assay. Results In addition, the protein expression of C35, HER2, AKT and p-AKT in breast ductal carcinoma cells were detected by Western Blot. The protein expression of C35 was weaker in siRNA1 and siRNA2 groups compared with the control group. The relative expression ratio of C35 to β-actin decreased significantly in siRNA2 and siRNA1 groups. When C35 expression was interfered by siRNA1 and siRNA2 for 48 h, the viability of BT474 breast ductal carcinoma cells decreased compared with the control group. In addition, the migration of breast ductal carcinoma cells decreased when C35 expression was interfered by siRNA1 for 24 h, and interfered by siRNA1 and siRNA2 for 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Che
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Bao
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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13
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In vivo evaluation of a novel format of a bivalent HER3-targeting and albumin-binding therapeutic affibody construct. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43118. [PMID: 28230065 PMCID: PMC5322329 DOI: 10.1038/srep43118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is involved in resistance to several therapies for malignant tumours. Currently, several anti-HER3 monoclonal antibodies are under clinical development. We introduce an alternative approach to HER3-targeted therapy based on engineered scaffold proteins, i.e. affibody molecules. We designed a small construct (22.5 kDa, denoted 3A3), consisting of two high-affinity anti-HER3 affibody molecules flanking an albumin-binding domain ABD, which was introduced for prolonged residence in circulation. In vitro, 3A3 efficiently inhibited growth of HER3-expressing BxPC-3 cells. Biodistribution in mice was measured using 3A3 that was site-specifically labelled with 111In via a DOTA chelator. The residence time of 111In-DOTA-3A3 in blood was extended when compared with the monomeric affibody molecule. 111In-DOTA-3A3 accumulated specifically in HER3-expressing BxPC-3 xenografts in mice. However, 111In-DOTA-3A3 cleared more rapidly from blood than a size-matched control construct 111In-DOTA-TAT, most likely due to sequestering of 3A3 by mErbB3, the murine counterpart of HER3. Repeated dosing and increase of injected protein dose decreased uptake of 111In-DOTA-3A3 in mErbB3-expressing tissues. Encouragingly, growth of BxPC-3 xenografts in mice was delayed in an experimental (pilot-scale) therapy study using 3A3. We conclude that the 3A3 affibody format seems promising for treatment of HER3-overexpressing tumours.
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14
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Legomedicine-A Versatile Chemo-Enzymatic Approach for the Preparation of Targeted Dual-Labeled Llama Antibody-Nanoparticle Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:539-548. [PMID: 28045502 PMCID: PMC5330650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Conjugation of llama
single domain antibody fragments (Variable
Heavy chain domains of Heavy chain antibodies, VHHs) to diagnostic
or therapeutic nanoparticles, peptides, proteins, or drugs offers
many opportunities for optimized targeted cancer treatment. Currently,
mostly nonspecific conjugation strategies or genetic fusions are used
that may compromise VHH functionality. In this paper we present a
versatile modular approach for bioorthogonal VHH modification and
conjugation. First, sortase A mediated transPEGylation is used for
introduction of a chemical click moiety. The resulting clickable VHHs
are then used for conjugation to other groups employing the Cu+-independent strain-promoted alkyne–azide cycloadition
(SPAAC) reaction. Using this approach, tail-to-tail bispecific VHHs
and VHH-targeted nanoparticles are generated without affecting VHH
functionality. Furthermore, this approach allows the bioconjugation
of multiple moieties to VHHs for simple and convenient production
of VHH-based theranostics.
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15
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Molecular Markers and Targeted Therapeutics in Metastatic Tumors of the Spine: Changing the Treatment Paradigms. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016; 41 Suppl 20:S218-S223. [PMID: 27488299 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY TYPE A review of the literature. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to discuss the evolution of molecular signatures and the history and development of targeted therapeutics in metastatic tumor types affecting the spinal column. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Molecular characterization of metastatic spine tumors is expected to usher in a revolution in diagnostic and treatment paradigms. Molecular characterization will provide critical information that can be used for initial diagnosis, prognosticating the ideal treatment strategy, assessment of treatment efficacy, surveillance and monitoring recurrence, and predicting complications, clinical outcome, and overall survival in patients diagnosed with metastatic cancers to the spinal column. METHODS A review of the literature was performed focusing on illustrative examples of the role that molecular-based therapeutics have played in clinical outcomes for patients diagnosed with metastatic tumor types affecting the spinal column. RESULTS The impact of molecular therapeutics including receptor tyrosine kinases and immune checkpoint inhibitors and the ability of molecular signatures to provide prognostic information are discussed in metastatic breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, and renal cell cancer affecting the spinal column. CONCLUSION For the providers who will ultimately counsel patients diagnosed with metastases to the spinal column, molecular advancements will radically alter the management/surgical paradigms utilized. Ultimately, the translation of these molecular advancements into routine clinical care will greatly improve the quality and quantity of life for patients diagnosed with spinal malignancies and provide better overall outcomes and counseling for treating physicians. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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16
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Park YH, Shin HT, Jung HH, Choi YL, Ahn T, Park K, Lee A, Do IG, Kim JY, Ahn JS, Park WY, Im YH. Role of HER2 mutations in refractory metastatic breast cancers: targeted sequencing results in patients with refractory breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32027-38. [PMID: 26397225 PMCID: PMC4741657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), introduction of the anti-HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2) directed therapies including trastuzumab, pertuzumab, lapatinib, and/or trastuzumab-DM1 has markedly improved overall survival. However, not all cases of HER2-positive breast tumours derive similar benefit from HER2-directed therapy, and a significant number of patients experience disease progression because of primary or acquired resistance to anti-HER2-directed therapies. We integrated genomic and clinicopathological analyses in a cohort of patients with refractory breast cancer to anti-HER2 therapies to identify the molecular basis for clinical heterogeneity. To study the molecular basis underlying refractory MBC, we obtained 36 MBC tumours tissues and used next-generation sequencing to investigate the mutational and transcriptional profiles of 83 genes. We focused on HER2 mutational sites and HER2 pathways to identify the roles of HER2 mutations and the HER2 pathway in the refractoriness to anti-HER2 therapies. Analysis using massively parallel sequencing platform, CancerSCAN™, revealed that HER2 mutations were found in six of 36 patients (16.7%). One patient was ER (estrogen receptor)-positive and HER2-negative and the other five HER2 mutated patients were HER2-positive and HR (hormone receptor)-negative. Most importantly, four of these five patients did not show any durable clinical response to HER2-directed therapies. The HER2 pathway score obtained through transcriptional analyses identified that Growth Receptor Biding protein 2 (GRB2) was the most significantly down regulated gene in the HER2 mutated samples. Detection of HER2 mutations using higher deep DNA sequencing may identify a predictive biomarker of resistance to HER2-directed therapy. Functional validation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Hee Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Tae Shin
- Samsung Genomic Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Hyun Jung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Samsung Genomic Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - TaeJin Ahn
- Samsung Genomic Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Park
- Samsung Genomic Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aeri Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In-Gu Do
- Center of Companion Diagnostics, Innovative Cancer Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genomic Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hyuck Im
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Kawasaki Y, Sakimura A, Park CM, Tomaru R, Tanaka T, Ozawa T, Zhou Y, Narita K, Kishi H, Muraguchi A, Sakurai H. Feedback control of ErbB2 via ERK-mediated phosphorylation of a conserved threonine in the juxtamembrane domain. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31502. [PMID: 27531070 PMCID: PMC4987620 DOI: 10.1038/srep31502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase activity of the asymmetric EGFR homodimer is negatively regulated via ERK-mediated phosphorylation of Thr-669 in the juxtamembrane domain. In the present study, we investigated in human breast cancer cells whether a similar mechanism plays a role in the feedback regulation of the ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimer, the most potent ErbB receptor dimer. Constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of ErbB2 and ErbB3 was significantly decreased in phorbol ester- and growth factor-treated BT-474 and MDA-MB-453 cells. In contrast to the decreased tyrosine phosphorylation, Phos-tag Western blot analysis revealed that TPA induced phosphorylation of ErbB2 in an ERK-dependent manner. The target threonine residue corresponding to EGFR Thr-669 and the surrounding residues are highly conserved in ErbB2, but not in ErbB3. Therefore, we demonstrated ERK-mediated phosphorylation of ErbB2 at Thr-677 by generating phospho-specific monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, treatment with trametinib and SCH772984, inhibitors of the MEK-ERK pathway, and substitution of Thr-677 to alanine impaired the feedback inhibition of ErbB2 and ErbB3. These results demonstrated that ERK-mediated phosphorylation of the conserved threonine is a common mechanism for the negative feedback control of active ErbB receptor dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kawasaki
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakimura
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Chul Min Park
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Rika Tomaru
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kaori Narita
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Lu J, Jiang F, Lu A, Zhang G. Linkers Having a Crucial Role in Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:561. [PMID: 27089329 PMCID: PMC4849017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprised of a desirable monoclonal antibody, an active cytotoxic drug and an appropriate linker are considered to be an innovative therapeutic approach for targeted treatment of various types of tumors and cancers, enhancing the therapeutic parameter of the cytotoxic drug and reducing the possibility of systemic cytotoxicity. An appropriate linker between the antibody and the cytotoxic drug provides a specific bridge, and thus helps the antibody to selectively deliver the cytotoxic drug to tumor cells and accurately releases the cytotoxic drug at tumor sites. In addition to conjugation, the linkers maintain ADCs' stability during the preparation and storage stages of the ADCs and during the systemic circulation period. The design of linkers for ADCs is a challenge in terms of extracellular stability and intracellular release, and intracellular circumstances, such as the acid environment, the reducing environment and cathepsin, are considered as the catalysts to activate the triggers for initiating the cleavage of ADCs. This review discusses the linkers used in the clinical and marketing stages for ADCs and details the fracture modes of the linkers for the further development of ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU (Haimen) Institute of Science and Technology, Haimen 226100, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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