1
|
Zhuang YJ, Mangwiro Y, Wake M, Saffery R, Greaves RF. Multi-omics analysis from archival neonatal dried blood spots: limitations and opportunities. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:1318-1341. [PMID: 35670573 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) programs operate in many countries, processing millions of dried bloodspot (DBS) samples annually. In addition to early identification of various adverse health outcomes, these samples have considerable potential as a resource for population-based research that could address key questions related to child health. The feasibility of archival DBS samples for emerging targeted and untargeted multi-omics analysis has not been previously explored in the literature. This review aims to critically evaluate the latest advances to identify opportunities and challenges of applying omics analyses to NBS cards in a research setting. Medline, Embase and PubMed databases were searched to identify studies utilizing DBS for genomic, proteomic and metabolomic assays. A total of 800 records were identified after removing duplicates, of which 23 records were included in this review. These papers consisted of one combined genomic/metabolomic, four genomic, three epigenomic, four proteomic and 11 metabolomic studies. Together they demonstrate that the increasing sensitivity of multi-omic analytical techniques makes the broad use of NBS samples achievable for large cohort studies. Maintaining the pre-analytical integrity of the DBS sample through storage at temperatures below -20 °C will enable this important resource to be fully realized in a research capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jessica Zhuang
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yeukai Mangwiro
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ronda F Greaves
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kobayashi LC, Westrick AC, Doshi A, Ellis KR, Jones CR, LaPensee E, Mondul AM, Mullins MA, Wallner LP. New directions in cancer and aging: State of the science and recommendations to improve the quality of evidence on the intersection of aging with cancer control. Cancer 2022; 128:1730-1737. [PMID: 35195912 PMCID: PMC9007869 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The global population of older cancer survivors is growing. However, the intersections of aging‐related health risks across the cancer control continuum are poorly understood, limiting the integration of aging into cancer control research and practice. The objective of this study was to review the state of science and provide future directions to improve the quality of evidence in 6 priority research areas in cancer and aging. Methods The authors identified priority research areas in cancer and aging through an evidence‐based Research Jam process involving 32 investigators and trainees from multiple disciplines and research centers in aging and cancer; then, they conducted a narrative review of the state of the science and future directions to improve the quality of evidence in these research areas. Priority research areas were defined as those in which gaps in scientific evidence or clinical practice limit the health and well‐being of older adults with cancer. Results Six priority research areas were identified: cognitive and physical functional outcomes of older cancer survivors, sampling issues in studies of older cancer survivors, risk and resilience across the lifespan, caregiver support and well‐being, quality of care for older patients with cancer, and health disparities. Evidence in these areas could be improved through the incorporation of bias reduction techniques into longitudinal studies of older cancer survivors, novel data linkage, and improved representation of older adults in cancer research. Conclusions The priority research areas and methodologies identified here may be used to guide interdisciplinary research and improve the quality of evidence on cancer and aging. The population of older cancer survivors is growing, yet the effects of aging‐related health risks across the cancer control continuum remain poorly understood. This article identifies research areas that may be used to guide interdisciplinary research and improve the quality of evidence on cancer and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C Kobayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ashly C Westrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Aalap Doshi
- Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Katrina R Ellis
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carly R Jones
- University of Michigan School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth LaPensee
- Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Megan A Mullins
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center for Improving Patient and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lauren P Wallner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Residual dried blood spots from millions of newborns are being stored and used for research. The state of Michigan proactively developed a broad consent process for research use of newborns' blood spots. However, the extent to which mothers make informed choices about this research is unclear. A descriptive, qualitative study was conducted examining this issue. Twenty-nine observations of the consent process and 20 semistructured interviews were conducted with mothers on the postpartum unit of a large, academic hospital in Michigan. Content analysis of the transcripts was conducted. While most mothers agreed to donate the blood spots (n = 14/20; 70%), findings indicated that most decisions were uninformed (n = 16/20; 80%), as mothers lacked knowledge of biobanking research. Misunderstandings about anonymity, the consenter's credentials, and entity conducting the research seemed to influence decision making. Suggestions for improving the consent process include (1) changing the venue of blood spot education and consent from the postpartum period to the perinatal period, (2) strengthening the depth of information and delivery of information provided about the topic, including ethical and values clarification, and (3) increasing consenter education and training. Implementation may help increase the proportion of informed decisions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Although emerging findings in psychiatric and behavioral genetics create hope for improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders, the introduction of such data as evidence in criminal and civil proceedings raises a host of ethical, legal, and social issues. Should behavioral and psychiatric genetic data be admissible in judicial proceedings? If so, what are the various means for obtaining such evidence, and for what purposes should its admission be sought and permitted? How could-and should-such evidence affect judicial outcomes in criminal and civil proceedings? And what are the potential implications of using behavioral and psychiatric genetic evidence for individuals and communities, and for societal values of equality and justice? This article provides an overview of the historical and current developments in behavioral genetics. We then explore the extent to which behavioral genetic evidence has-and should-affect determinations of criminal responsibility and sentencing, as well as the possible ramifications of introducing such evidence in civil courts, with a focus on tort litigation and child custody disputes. We also consider two ways in which behavioral genetic evidence may come to court in the future-through genetic theft or the subpoena of a litigant's biospecimen data that was previously obtained for clinical or research purposes-and the concerns that these possibilities raise. Finally, we highlight the need for caution and for approaches to prevent the misuse of behavioral genetic evidence in courts.
Collapse
|
5
|
Elias B, Hanlon-Dearman A, Head B, Hicks GG. Translating to the Community (T2C): a protocol paper describing the development of Canada's first social epigenetic FASD biobank. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:275-287. [PMID: 29544064 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Translating to the Community (T2C) is a social biorepository designed to advance new diagnostic tools and realign community-clinical processes, with the aim to mitigate the short- and long-term impacts of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) as well as prenatal alcohol exposure and its co-morbidities and behaviors. In this paper, we describe the evolution of this repository as a new translational partnership to advance a precision-medicine approach to FASD. Key to its evolution was a partnership between academic researchers, Indigenous communities, families, and a regional diagnostic clinic. We further describe the rationale for social biobanking, the type of banking, ethical engagement of families, communities, and clinics, their roles in repository design, governance, translation, and research activities, types of data collected from families, and how the study data are managed, reported, and accessed. The repository design includes biological samples, social-contextual health-survey data, and clinical data (which are linkable to administrative data) from community and clinical cohorts of diagnosed children, children prenatally exposed but not diagnosed, children suspected to have had a prenatal exposure, and related siblings, biological parents, and unrelated children and their parents. From these cohorts and families, potential studies drawing on this data will shed light on various risk factors, social and biological pathways, and service utilization issues, with the aim to implement primary and secondary prevention and intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Elias
- a Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Ana Hanlon-Dearman
- b Department of Paediatrics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada; Manitoba FASD Centre/FASD Network, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3G1, Canada
| | - Betty Head
- c Cree Nation Tribal Health Centre, Star Program, The Pas, MB R9A 1M5, Canada
| | - Geoffrey G Hicks
- d Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Regenerative Medicine Program, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Browman GP, Vollmann J, Virani A, Schildmann J. Improving the quality of 'personalized medicine' research and practice: through an ethical lens. Per Med 2014; 11:413-423. [PMID: 29783476 DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The evolving vision for personalized medicine (PM) implies a systems approach to the re-organization of healthcare and how we define the boundary between care and research. Calls for scaling PM up to a systems level requires a broad definition of quality not restricted to how the different elements of the system perform (e.g., laboratory quality control, biomarker prediction, biobanking, information systems, data sharing and security, and clinical outcomes) but how these elements work together to optimize population relevant quality indicators - effectiveness, affordability, system sustainability, public confidence and accessibility. Examples of PM-associated information technologies and innovative clinical evaluation methods with a focus on cancer medicine are provided to demonstrate how quality and ethics are inextricably linked to a PM systems approach. While current, traditional ethical standards sometimes challenge the PM approach, PM is challenging us to review ethical standards and improve ethical frameworks to meet new and future realities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George P Browman
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver Island Centre, Canada.,The School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jochen Vollmann
- Institute for Medical Ethics & History of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alice Virani
- Centre for Applied Ethics, University of British Columbia BC Children's & Women's Hospitals, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jan Schildmann
- Institute for Medical Ethics & History of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|