1
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Lensink MA, Jongsma KR, Boers SN, Bredenoord AL. Better governance starts with better words: why responsible human tissue research demands a change of language. BMC Med Ethics 2022; 23:90. [PMID: 36050689 PMCID: PMC9438266 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-022-00823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of precision medicine has led to an unprecedented focus on human biological material in biomedical research. In addition, rapid advances in stem cell technology, regenerative medicine and synthetic biology are leading to more complex human tissue structures and new applications with tremendous potential for medicine. While promising, these developments also raise several ethical and practical challenges which have been the subject of extensive academic debate. These debates have led to increasing calls for longitudinal governance arrangements between tissue providers and biobanks that go beyond the initial moment of obtaining consent, such as closer involvement of tissue providers in what happens to their tissue, and more active participatory approaches to the governance of biobanks. However, in spite of these calls, such measures are being adopted slowly in practice, and there remains a strong tendency to focus on the consent procedure as the tool for addressing the ethical challenges of contemporary biobanking. In this paper, we argue that one of the barriers to this transition is the dominant language pervading the field of human tissue research, in which the provision of tissue is phrased as a 'donation' or 'gift', and tissue providers are referred to as 'donors'. Because of the performative qualities of language, the effect of using 'donation' and 'donor' shapes a professional culture in which biobank participants are perceived as passive providers of tissue free from further considerations or entitlements. This hampers the kind of participatory approaches to governance that are deemed necessary to adequately address the ethical challenges currently faced in human tissue research. Rather than reinforcing this idea through language, we need to pave the way for the kind of participatory approaches to governance that are being extensively argued for by starting with the appropriate terminology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Lensink
- Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin R Jongsma
- Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah N Boers
- Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelien L Bredenoord
- Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Stacey GN, Cao J, Hu B, Zhou Q. Manufacturing with pluripotent stem cells (
PSConf
2021): Key issues for future research and development. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13301. [PMID: 35933704 PMCID: PMC9357356 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) have the capability to deliver novel cell‐based medicines that could transform medical treatments for a wide range of diseases including age‐related degenerative disorders and traumatic injury. In spite of significant investment in this area, due to the novel nature of these hPSC‐based medicines, there are challenges in almost all aspects of their manufacturing including bioprocessing, characterization and delivery. The Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Society for Stem Cell Research have collaborated to create a new discussion forum called PSConf 2021 (Pluripotent Stem Cell Conference 2021), intended to promote exchanges in communication on cutting‐edge developments and international coordination in hPSC manufacturing. The PSConf 2021 addressed crucial topics in stem cell‐based manufacturing, including stem cell differentiation, culture scale‐up, product formulation and release. This report summarizes the proceedings and conclusions from the discussion sessions, and it is accompanied by publication of individual papers from the speakers at the PSConf 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn N. Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative Barley Herts UK
- National Stem Cell Resource Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jingyi Cao
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Baoyang Hu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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3
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Igumbor JO, Bosire EN, Vicente-Crespo M, Igumbor EU, Olalekan UA, Chirwa TF, Kinyanjui SM, Kyobutungi C, Fonn S. Considerations for an integrated population health databank in Africa: lessons from global best practices. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:214. [PMID: 35224211 PMCID: PMC8844538 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17000.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The rising digitisation and proliferation of data sources and repositories cannot be ignored. This trend expands opportunities to integrate and share population health data. Such platforms have many benefits, including the potential to efficiently translate information arising from such data to evidence needed to address complex global health challenges. There are pockets of quality data on the continent that may benefit from greater integration. Integration of data sources is however under-explored in Africa. The aim of this article is to identify the requirements and provide practical recommendations for developing a multi-consortia public and population health data-sharing framework for Africa. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of global best practices and policies on data sharing and its optimisation. We searched eight databases for publications and undertook an iterative snowballing search of articles cited in the identified publications. The Leximancer software
© enabled content analysis and selection of a sample of the most relevant articles for detailed review. Themes were developed through immersion in the extracts of selected articles using inductive thematic analysis. We also performed interviews with public and population health stakeholders in Africa to gather their experiences, perceptions, and expectations of data sharing. Results: Our findings described global stakeholder experiences on research data sharing. We identified some challenges and measures to harness available resources and incentivise data sharing. We further highlight progress made by the different groups in Africa and identified the infrastructural requirements and considerations when implementing data sharing platforms. Furthermore, the review suggests key reforms required, particularly in the areas of consenting, privacy protection, data ownership, governance, and data access. Conclusions: The findings underscore the critical role of inclusion, social justice, public good, data security, accountability, legislation, reciprocity, and mutual respect in developing a responsive, ethical, durable, and integrated research data sharing ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude O Igumbor
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
| | - Edna N Bosire
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
| | - Marta Vicente-Crespo
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa.,African Population and Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ehimario U Igumbor
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.,School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Uthman A Olalekan
- Warwick-Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery (WCAHRD), Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Tobias F Chirwa
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
| | | | | | - Sharon Fonn
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
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4
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Ogbogu U, Ahmed N. Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) Research: Methods and Approaches. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e354. [PMID: 35041252 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The article provides an overview of select methodologies that are commonly used in ELSI ("ethical, legal, and social implications") research. ELSI is a field that focuses on the analysis of the societal implications of cutting-edge biomedical research and technologies. The article aims to provide an accessible reference on well-established research methods that aspiring and seasoned ELSI researchers can rely on as a starting point for exploring how to design and conduct ELSI studies. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaka Ogbogu
- Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natasha Ahmed
- Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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5
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Isasi R, Namorado J, Mah N, Bultjer N, Kurtz A. A pathway for attesting ethical provenance of cell lines: Lessons from the European human pluripotent stem cell registry (hPSCreg). Stem Cell Res 2019; 40:101539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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6
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Healy LE. Acquisition and Reception of Primary Tissues, Cells, or Other Biological Specimens. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1590:17-27. [PMID: 28353260 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6921-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use and banking of biological material for research or clinical application is a well-established practice. The material can be of human or non-human origin. The processes involved in this type of activity, from the sourcing to receipt of materials, require adherence to a set of best practice principles that assure the ethical and legal procurement, traceability, and quality of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn E Healy
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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7
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Webster A. Regenerative medicine and responsible research and innovation: proposals for a responsible acceleration to the clinic. Regen Med 2017; 12:853-864. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper asks how regenerative medicine can be examined through the ‘responsible research and innovation’ (RRI) approach which has been developed over the past decade. It describes the drivers to the development of RRI, and then argues for the need to understand innovation itself through drawing on social science analysis rooted in science and technology studies. The paper then identifies a number of highly specific challenges faced by the regenerative medicine field and the implications these have for value creation. It offers a number of examples of how a combined RRI/science and technology studies perspective can identify priority areas for policy and concludes by arguing for a ‘responsible acceleration’, more likely to foster readiness at a time when much of the policy domain is pushing for ever-rapid access to cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Webster
- Department of Sociology, SATSU, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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8
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Abstract
Stem cell banking has been a topic of discussion and debate for more than a decade since the first public services to supply human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were established in the USA and the UK. This topic has received a recent revival with numerous ambitious programmes announced to deliver large collections of human induced pluripotency cell (hiPSC) lines. This chapter will provide a brief overview charting the development of stem cell banks, their value, and their likely role in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn Stacey
- UK Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK.
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9
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Ghosh D, Mehta N, Patil A, Sengupta J. Ethical issues in biomedical use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrhm.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Kamenova K, Caulfield T. Stem cell hype: media portrayal of therapy translation. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:278ps4. [PMID: 25761887 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we examine the portrayal of translational stem cell research in major daily newspapers in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom between 2010 and 2013, focusing on how timelines for stem cell therapies were represented before and after Geron terminated its pioneering stem cell program. Our content analysis reveals that press coverage has shifted from ethical, legal, and social issues to clinical translation issues, and highly optimistic timelines were provided with no substantial change in representation over time. Scientists were the dominant voice with respect to translation timelines. The findings raise questions about the degree to which the media's overly optimistic slant fosters unrealistic expectations regarding the speed of clinical translation and highlight the ethical responsibility of stem cell researchers as public communicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Kamenova
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Timothy Caulfield
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada. Canada Research Chair in Health Law and Policy, Professor, Faculty of Law and School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada.
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11
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Andrews PW, Baker D, Benvinisty N, Miranda B, Bruce K, Brüstle O, Choi M, Choi YM, Crook JM, de Sousa PA, Dvorak P, Freund C, Firpo M, Furue MK, Gokhale P, Ha HY, Han E, Haupt S, Healy L, Hei DJ, Hovatta O, Hunt C, Hwang SM, Inamdar MS, Isasi RM, Jaconi M, Jekerle V, Kamthorn P, Kibbey MC, Knezevic I, Knowles BB, Koo SK, Laabi Y, Leopoldo L, Liu P, Lomax GP, Loring JF, Ludwig TE, Montgomery K, Mummery C, Nagy A, Nakamura Y, Nakatsuji N, Oh S, Oh SK, Otonkoski T, Pera M, Peschanski M, Pranke P, Rajala KM, Rao M, Ruttachuk R, Reubinoff B, Ricco L, Rooke H, Sipp D, Stacey GN, Suemori H, Takahashi TA, Takada K, Talib S, Tannenbaum S, Yuan BZ, Zeng F, Zhou Q. Points to consider in the development of seed stocks of pluripotent stem cells for clinical applications: International Stem Cell Banking Initiative (ISCBI). Regen Med 2015; 10:1-44. [PMID: 25675265 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P W Andrews
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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12
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Bredenoord AL, Mostert M, Isasi R, Knoppers BM. Data sharing in stem cell translational science: policy statement by the International Stem Cell Forum Ethics Working Party. Regen Med 2015; 10:857-61. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Data and sample sharing constitute a scientific and ethical imperative but need to be conducted in a responsible manner in order to protect individual interests as well as maintain public trust. In 2014, the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) adopted a common Framework for Responsible Sharing of Genomic and Health-Related Data. The GA4GH Framework is applicable to data sharing in the stem cell field, however, interpretation is required so as to provide guidance for this specific context. In this paper, the International Stem Cell Forum Ethics Working Party discusses those principles that are specific to translational stem cell science, including engagement, data quality and safety, privacy, security and confidentiality, risk–benefit analysis and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelien L Bredenoord
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Julius Center, Department of Medical Humanities, Stratenum 6.131, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, Holland
| | - Menno Mostert
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Julius Center, Department of Medical Humanities, Stratenum 6.131, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, Holland
| | - Rosario Isasi
- McGill University, Centre of Genomics & Policy, 740, Avenue Dr. Penfield, Suite 5200, Montreal (Quebec), H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Bartha M Knoppers
- McGill University, Centre of Genomics & Policy, 740, Avenue Dr. Penfield, Suite 5200, Montreal (Quebec), H3A 0G1, Canada
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13
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Ethical Issues for Clinical Studies That use Human Embryonic Stem Cells: The 2014 Revisions to the Japanese Guidelines. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 11:676-80. [PMID: 26129923 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in clinical studies has been expanding in recent years. The application of hESCs in clinical studies raises ethical issues from a different standpoint compared with the use of other types of stem cells. In Japan, the Guidelines on the Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells, and Guidelines on the Distribution and Utilization of Human Embryonic Stem Cells had been revised for clinical studies in 2014. In the revised guidelines, the method for protection of personal information was changed to offer the choice between unlinkable anonymization and linkable anonymization, to enable the use of information on diseases suffered by donors and the assurance of traceability for safety. Procedures for re-consent are generally prohibited out of consideration for donors' feelings. However, obtaining re-consent is permitted when consent for re-consent has been received in advance and approval has been given by an ethical review board, in which case the donors may be contacted. Incidental findings obtained from hESCs are not disclosed individually to donors, while the research results should be actively published for the common good. These guidelines have enabled the derivation, distribution, and use of hESCs for clinical studies.
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14
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Isasi R, Andrews PW, Baltz JM, Bredenoord AL, Burton P, Chiu IM, Hull SC, Jung JW, Kurtz A, Lomax G, Ludwig T, McDonald M, Morris C, Ng HH, Rooke H, Sharma A, Stacey GN, Williams C, Zeng F, Knoppers BM. Identifiability and privacy in pluripotent stem cell research. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 14:427-30. [PMID: 24702994 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Data sharing is an essential element of research; however, recent scientific and social developments have challenged conventional methods for protecting privacy. Here we provide guidance for determining data sharing thresholds for human pluripotent stem cell research aimed at a wide range of stakeholders, including research consortia, biorepositories, policy-makers, and funders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Isasi
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.
| | - Peter W Andrews
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jay M Baltz
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Annelien L Bredenoord
- Julius Center, Department of Medical Ethics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Burton
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Ing-Ming Chiu
- Regenerative Medicine Research, ICSM, National Health Research Institutes, Jhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Sara Chandros Hull
- NHGRI Bioethics Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1156, USA
| | - Ji-Won Jung
- Division of Intractable Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health and Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Geoffrey Lomax
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | | | - Michael McDonald
- W. Maurice Young Centre for Applied Ethics, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Clive Morris
- National Health & Medical Research Council, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Huck Hui Ng
- A(∗)STAR, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Heather Rooke
- International Society for Stem Cell Research, Skokie, IL 60077, USA
| | - Alka Sharma
- Medical Biotechnology Division, Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India, New Delhi 110-003, India
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control: A Centre of the MHRA, South Mimms, Hertfordshire UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Clare Williams
- Department of Sociology & Communications, School of Social Sciences, Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Fanyi Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Bartha Maria Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
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15
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Caulfield T, Kamenova K, Ogbogu U, Zarzeczny A, Baltz J, Benjaminy S, Cassar PA, Clark M, Isasi R, Knoppers B, Knowles L, Korbutt G, Lavery JV, Lomax GP, Master Z, McDonald M, Preto N, Toews M. Research ethics and stem cells: Is it time to re-think current approaches to oversight? EMBO Rep 2014; 16:2-6. [PMID: 25476708 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201439819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalina Kamenova
- Health Law Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ubaka Ogbogu
- Faculty of Law and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Amy Zarzeczny
- Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Jay Baltz
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shelly Benjaminy
- National Core for Neuroethics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Marianne Clark
- Health Law Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rosario Isasi
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bartha Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lori Knowles
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gregory Korbutt
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - James V Lavery
- Centre for Ethical, Social & Cultural Risk, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey P Lomax
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zubin Master
- Alden March Bioethics Institute, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Michael McDonald
- W. Maurice Young Centre for Applied Ethics, School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nina Preto
- Engage Associates Consulting Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maeghan Toews
- Health Law Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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16
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Geraghty RJ, Capes-Davis A, Davis JM, Downward J, Freshney RI, Knezevic I, Lovell-Badge R, Masters JRW, Meredith J, Stacey GN, Thraves P, Vias M. Guidelines for the use of cell lines in biomedical research. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1021-46. [PMID: 25117809 PMCID: PMC4453835 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-line misidentification and contamination with microorganisms, such as mycoplasma, together with instability, both genetic and phenotypic, are among the problems that continue to affect cell culture. Many of these problems are avoidable with the necessary foresight, and these Guidelines have been prepared to provide those new to the field and others engaged in teaching and instruction with the information necessary to increase their awareness of the problems and to enable them to deal with them effectively. The Guidelines cover areas such as development, acquisition, authentication, cryopreservation, transfer of cell lines between laboratories, microbial contamination, characterisation, instability and misidentification. Advice is also given on complying with current legal and ethical requirements when deriving cell lines from human and animal tissues, the selection and maintenance of equipment and how to deal with problems that may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Geraghty
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge
Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way,
Cambridge
CB2 0RE, UK
| | - A Capes-Davis
- CellBank Australia, Children's
Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 23,
Wentworthville, New South Wales
2145, Australia
| | - J M Davis
- School of Life and Medical Sciences,
University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield,
Hertfordshire
AL10 9AB, UK
| | - J Downward
- Cancer Research UK, London Research
Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London
WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - R I Freshney
- Institute for Cancer Sciences,
University of Glasgow, 24 Greenwood Drive, Bearsden,
Glasgow
G61 2HA, UK
| | - I Knezevic
- Department of Essential Medicines and
Health Products, Quality, Safety and Standards Team, World Health
Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211
Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - R Lovell-Badge
- MRC National Institute for Medical
Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London
NW7 1AA, UK
| | - J R W Masters
- University College London, 67 Riding
House Street, London
W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - J Meredith
- Cancer Research UK, Angel Building,
407 St John Street, London
EC1V 4AD, UK
| | - G N Stacey
- National Institute for Biological
Standards and Control, A Centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products
Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Herts
EN6 3QG, UK
| | - P Thraves
- Culture Collections, Public Health
England, Porton Down, Salisbury
SP4 0JG, UK
| | - M Vias
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge
Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way,
Cambridge
CB2 0RE, UK
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17
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Abstract
Cell-line misidentification and contamination with microorganisms, such as mycoplasma, together with instability, both genetic and phenotypic, are among the problems that continue to affect cell culture. Many of these problems are avoidable with the necessary foresight, and these Guidelines have been prepared to provide those new to the field and others engaged in teaching and instruction with the information necessary to increase their awareness of the problems and to enable them to deal with them effectively. The Guidelines cover areas such as development, acquisition, authentication, cryopreservation, transfer of cell lines between laboratories, microbial contamination, characterisation, instability and misidentification. Advice is also given on complying with current legal and ethical requirements when deriving cell lines from human and animal tissues, the selection and maintenance of equipment and how to deal with problems that may arise.
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Habets MGJL, van Delden JJM, Bredenoord AL. The inherent ethical challenge of first-in-human pluripotent stem cell trials. Regen Med 2014; 9:1-3. [PMID: 24350999 DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle G J L Habets
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Julius Center, Department of Medical Humanities, Internal Post Str 6.131, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Korol S, Hurlimann T, Godard B, de Denus S. Disclosure of individual pharmacogenomic results in research projects: when and what kind of information to return to research participants. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 14:675-88. [PMID: 23570470 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the growing field of genomics, the utility of returning certain research results to participants has become a highly debated issue. Existing guidelines are not explicit as to the kind of genomic information that should be returned to research participants. Moreover, very few current recommendations and articles in the literature address the return of pharmacogenomic results. Although genetics and pharmacogenomics have many similarities, the circumstances in which disclosure could have a benefit for the participants are different. This review aims to describe the conditions in which disclosure of pharmacogenomic results is appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Korol
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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20
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Ogbogu U, Burningham S, Ollenberger A, Calder K, Du L, El Emam K, Hyde-Lay R, Isasi R, Joly Y, Kerr I, Malin B, McDonald M, Penney S, Piat G, Roy DC, Sugarman J, Vercauteren S, Verhenneman G, West L, Caulfield T. Policy recommendations for addressing privacy challenges associated with cell-based research and interventions. BMC Med Ethics 2014; 15:7. [PMID: 24485220 PMCID: PMC3914710 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6939-15-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased use of human biological material for cell-based research and clinical interventions poses risks to the privacy of patients and donors, including the possibility of re-identification of individuals from anonymized cell lines and associated genetic data. These risks will increase as technologies and databases used for re-identification become affordable and more sophisticated. Policies that require ongoing linkage of cell lines to donors' clinical information for research and regulatory purposes, and existing practices that limit research participants' ability to control what is done with their genetic data, amplify the privacy concerns. DISCUSSION To date, the privacy issues associated with cell-based research and interventions have not received much attention in the academic and policymaking contexts. This paper, arising out of a multi-disciplinary workshop, aims to rectify this by outlining the issues, proposing novel governance strategies and policy recommendations, and identifying areas where further evidence is required to make sound policy decisions. The authors of this paper take the position that existing rules and norms can be reasonably extended to address privacy risks in this context without compromising emerging developments in the research environment, and that exceptions from such rules should be justified using a case-by-case approach. In developing new policies, the broader framework of regulations governing cell-based research and related areas must be taken into account, as well as the views of impacted groups, including scientists, research participants and the general public. SUMMARY This paper outlines deliberations at a policy development workshop focusing on privacy challenges associated with cell-based research and interventions. The paper provides an overview of these challenges, followed by a discussion of key themes and recommendations that emerged from discussions at the workshop. The paper concludes that privacy risks associated with cell-based research and interventions should be addressed through evidence-based policy reforms that account for both well-established legal and ethical norms and current knowledge about actual or anticipated harms. The authors also call for research studies that identify and address gaps in understanding of privacy risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaka Ogbogu
- Faculties of Law and Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sarah Burningham
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Adam Ollenberger
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Kathryn Calder
- cbcf Tumor Bank/Alberta Cancer Research Biorepository, Cross Cancer Institute, Rm 2312, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Li Du
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Khaled El Emam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, CPCR, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa K1H 8 L1, Canada
| | - Robyn Hyde-Lay
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Rosario Isasi
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740, avenue Dr. Penfield, suite 5206, Montreal H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Yann Joly
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740, avenue Dr. Penfield, suite 5206, Montreal H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Ian Kerr
- Faculties of Law and Medicine, Department of Philosophy and School of Information Studies, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa K1N 6 N5, Canada
| | - Bradley Malin
- Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville 37203, USA
| | - Michael McDonald
- W. Maurice Young Center for Applied Ethics, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Steven Penney
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
- Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Gayle Piat
- Cell and Tissue Innovative Research Centre, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Denis-Claude Roy
- Centre de recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, 5415 L’Assomption blvd, Montreal Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Jeremy Sugarman
- Berman Institute of Bioethics and Department of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Suzanne Vercauteren
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Lori West
- Alberta Transplant Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Timothy Caulfield
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
- Faculty of Law and School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
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Isasi R. Stem Cell Research and Banking: Towards Policy on Disclosing Research Results and Incidental Findings. STEM CELL BIOLOGY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0585-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Lomax GP, Hull SC, Lowenthal J, Rao M, Isasi R. The DISCUSS Project: induced pluripotent stem cell lines from previously collected research biospecimens and informed consent: points to consider. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:727-30. [PMID: 23990574 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human somatic cell reprogramming is a leading technology for accelerating disease modeling and drug discovery. Research organizations are sponsoring initiatives to create libraries of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines for broad distribution and application. Donor informed consent plays a critical role in supporting the ethical conduct of iPSC research. To date, our organizations have focused on informed consent considerations for somatic cell collection intended specifically for iPSC derivation and distribution. This article considers how somatic cells obtained under general (biomedical) research protocols can be used for iPSC derivation. We present draft Points to Consider regarding the use of human somatic cells for iPSC research. Our goal is to initiate a process designed to develop consensus for the use of previously collected specimens for iPSC research. We anticipate publishing final considerations in early 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey P Lomax
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
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23
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Lolkema MP, Gadellaa-van Hooijdonk CG, Bredenoord AL, Kapitein P, Roach N, Cuppen E, Knoers NV, Voest EE. Ethical, legal, and counseling challenges surrounding the return of genetic results in oncology. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:1842-8. [PMID: 23589552 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.45.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, an overwhelming number of genetic aberrations have been discovered and linked to the development of treatment for cancer. With the rapid advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, it is expected that large-scale DNA analyses will increasingly be used to select patients for treatment with specific anticancer agents. Personalizing cancer treatment has many advantages, but sequencing germline DNA as reference material for interpreting cancer genetics may have consequences that extend beyond providing cancer care for an individual patient. In sequencing germline DNA, mutations may be encountered that are associated with increased susceptibility not only to hereditary cancer syndromes but also to other diseases; in those cases, disclosing germline data could be clinically relevant and even lifesaving. In the context of personal autonomy, it is necessary to develop an ethical and legal framework for how to deal with identified hereditary disease susceptibilities and how to return the data to patients and their families. Because clear legislation is lacking, we need to establish guidelines on disclosure of genetic information and, in the process, we need to balance privacy issues with the potential advantages and drawbacks of sharing genetic data with patients and their relatives. Importantly, a strong partnership with patients is critical for understanding how to maximize the translation of genetic information for the benefit of patients with cancer. This review discusses the ethical, legal, and counseling issues surrounding disclosure of genetic information generated by NGS to patients with cancer and their relatives. We also provide a framework for returning these genetic results by proposing a design for a qualified disclosure policy.
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Isasi R. Alliances, collaborations and consortia: the International Stem Cell Forum and its role in shaping global governance and policy. Regen Med 2012; 7:84-8. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It can be asserted that the stem cell field be classified as a global enterprise [1] , as evidenced by the proliferation of transnational stem cell initiatives, alliances, networks and institutions. Moreover, the sustainability of the field is – to a great extent – dependent on the ability of such actors to enable cross-jurisdictional collaboration by fostering the sharing of stem cell-related resources and data [1] . Kofi Annan’s statement that “arguing against globalization is like arguing against the law of gravity” [101] could not be more true when applied to the context of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Isasi
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University area and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, 740 Dr Penfield, Suite 5206, International Stem Cell Forum: Ethics Working Party area
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25
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Bredenoord AL, van Delden JJM. Disclosing individual genetic research results to deceased participants' relatives by means of a qualified disclosure policy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2012; 12:10-12. [PMID: 22974019 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2012.699145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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