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Zheng H, Chen Y, Luo Q, Zhang J, Huang M, Xu Y, Huo D, Shan W, Tie R, Zhang M, Qian P, Huang H. Generating hematopoietic cells from human pluripotent stem cells: approaches, progress and challenges. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:31. [PMID: 37656237 PMCID: PMC10474004 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been suggested as a potential source for the production of blood cells for clinical application. In two decades, almost all types of blood cells can be successfully generated from hPSCs through various differentiated strategies. Meanwhile, with a deeper understanding of hematopoiesis, higher efficiency of generating progenitors and precursors of blood cells from hPSCs is achieved. However, how to generate large-scale mature functional cells from hPSCs for clinical use is still difficult. In this review, we summarized recent approaches that generated both hematopoietic stem cells and mature lineage cells from hPSCs, and remarked their efficiency and mechanisms in producing mature functional cells. We also discussed the major challenges in hPSC-derived products of blood cells and provided some potential solutions. Our review summarized efficient, simple, and defined methodologies for developing good manufacturing practice standards for hPSC-derived blood cells, which will facilitate the translation of these products into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiong Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yijin Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Dawei Huo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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Anurogo D, Yuli Prasetyo Budi N, Thi Ngo MH, Huang YH, Pawitan JA. Cell and Gene Therapy for Anemia: Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Gene Editing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126275. [PMID: 34200975 PMCID: PMC8230702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary anemia has various manifestations, such as sickle cell disease (SCD), Fanconi anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD), and thalassemia. The available management strategies for these disorders are still unsatisfactory and do not eliminate the main causes. As genetic aberrations are the main causes of all forms of hereditary anemia, the optimal approach involves repairing the defective gene, possibly through the transplantation of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from a normal matching donor or through gene therapy approaches (either in vivo or ex vivo) to correct the patient’s HSCs. To clearly illustrate the importance of cell and gene therapy in hereditary anemia, this paper provides a review of the genetic aberration, epidemiology, clinical features, current management, and cell and gene therapy endeavors related to SCD, thalassemia, Fanconi anemia, and G6PDD. Moreover, we expound the future research direction of HSC derivation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), strategies to edit HSCs, gene therapy risk mitigation, and their clinical perspectives. In conclusion, gene-corrected hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has promising outcomes for SCD, Fanconi anemia, and thalassemia, and it may overcome the limitation of the source of allogenic bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dito Anurogo
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar 90221, Indonesia
| | - Nova Yuli Prasetyo Budi
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Mai-Huong Thi Ngo
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (J.A.P.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3150) (Y.-H.H.); +62-812-9535-0097 (J.A.P.)
| | - Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (J.A.P.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3150) (Y.-H.H.); +62-812-9535-0097 (J.A.P.)
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The Opportunities and Challenges regarding Induced Platelets from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5588165. [PMID: 34054969 PMCID: PMC8112939 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5588165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a standard clinical treatment, platelet transfusion has been employed to prevent hemorrhage in patients with thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunctions. Platelets also show therapeutic potential for aiding liver regeneration and bone healing and regeneration and for treating dermatological conditions. However, the supply of platelets rarely meets the rising clinical demand. Other issues, including short shelf life, strict storage temperature, and allogeneic immunity caused by frequent platelet transfusions, have become serious challenges that require the development of high-yielding alternative sources of platelets. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are an unlimited substitution source for regenerative medicine, and patient-derived iPSCs can provide novel research models to explore the pathogenesis of some diseases. Many studies have focused on establishing and modifying protocols for generating functional induced platelets (iPlatelets) from hPSCs. To reach high efficiency production and eliminate the exogenous antigens, media supplements and matrix have been optimized. In addition, the introduction of some critical transgenes, such as c-MYC, BMI1, and BCL-XL, can also significantly increase hPSC-derived platelet production; however, this may pose some safety concerns. Furthermore, many novel culture systems have been developed to scale up the production of iPlatelets, including 2D flow systems, 3D rotary systems, and vertical reciprocal motion liquid culture bioreactors. The development of new gene-editing techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9, can be used to solve allogeneic immunity of platelet transfusions by knocking out the expression of B2M. Additionally, the functions of iPlatelets were also evaluated from multiple aspects, including but not limited to morphology, structure, cytoskeletal organization, granule content, DNA content, and gene expression. Although the production and functions of iPlatelets are close to meeting clinical application requirements in both quantity and quality, there is still a long way to go for their large-scale production and clinical application. Here, we summarize the diverse methods of platelet production and update the progresses of iPlatelets. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of key transcription factors or molecules that determine the platelet differentiation direction.
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Polanco A, Kuang B, Yoon S. Bioprocess Technologies that Preserve the Quality of iPSCs. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:1128-1140. [PMID: 32941792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is essential for the treatment of a variety of clinical indications. However, culturing enough iPSCs for clinical applications is problematic due to their sensitive pluripotent state and dependence on a supporting matrix. Developing stem cell bioprocessing strategies that are scalable and meet clinical needs requires incorporating methods that measure and monitor intrinsic markers of cell differentiation state, developmental status, and viability in real time. In addition, proper cell culture modalities that nurture the growth of high-quality stem cells in suspension are critical for industrial scale-up. In this review, we present an overview of cell culture media, suspension modalities, and monitoring techniques that preserve the quality and pluripotency of iPSCs during initiation, expansion, and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashli Polanco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Bingyu Kuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.
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Shan W, Wang B, Xu Y, Li X, Li X, Wang H, Lin Y, Tie R, Zhao Q, Wang J, Zheng W, Hu Y, Shi J, Yu X, Huang H. Generation of hematopoietic cells from mouse pluripotent stem cells in a 3D culture system of self-assembling peptide hydrogel. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2080-2090. [PMID: 31389001 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In vitro generation of hematopoietic stem cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be regarded as novel therapeutic approaches for replacing bone marrow transplantation without immune rejection or graft versus host disease. To date, many different approaches have been evaluated in terms of directing PSCs toward different hematopoietic cell types, yet, low efficiency and no function restrict the further hematopoietic differentiation study, our research aims to develop a three dimension (3D) hematopoietic differentiation approach that serves as recapitulation of embryonic development in vitro to a degree of complexity not achievable in a two dimension culture system. We first found that mouse PSCs could be efficiently induced to hematopoietic differentiation with an expression of hematopoietic makers, such as c-kit, CD41, and CD45 within self-assembling peptide hydrogel. Colony-forming cells assay results suggested mouse PSCs (mPSCs) could be differentiated into multipotential progenitor cells and 3D induction system derived hematopoietic colonies owned potential of differentiating into lymphocyte cells. In addition, in vivo animal transplantation experiment showed that mPSCs (CD45.2) could be embedded into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice (CD45.1) with about 3% engraftment efficiency after 3 weeks transplantation. This study demonstrated that we developed the 3D induction approach that could efficiently promote the hematopoietic differentiation of mPSCs in vitro and obtained the multipotential progenitors that possessed the short-term engraftment potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huafang Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyan Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongxian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jimin Shi
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Torizal FG, Horiguchi I, Sakai Y. Physiological Microenvironmental Conditions in Different Scalable Culture Systems for Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation. Open Biomed Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874120701913010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) are a valuable cell type that has a wide range of biomedical applications because they can differentiate into many types of adult somatic cell. Numerous studies have examined the clinical applications of PSCs. However, several factors such as bioreactor design, mechanical stress, and the physiological environment have not been optimized. These factors can significantly alter the pluripotency and proliferation properties of the cells, which are important for the mass production of PSCs. Nutritional mass transfer and oxygen transfer must be effectively maintained to obtain a high yield. Various culture systems are currently available for optimum cell propagation by maintaining the physiological conditions necessary for cell cultivation. Each type of culture system using a different configuration with various advantages and disadvantages affecting the mechanical conditions in the bioreactor, such as shear stress. These factors make it difficult to preserve the cellular viability and pluripotency of PSCs. Additional limitations of the culture system for PSCs must also be identified and overcome to maintain the culture conditions and enable large-scale expansion and differentiation of PSCs. This review describes the different physiological conditions in the various culture systems and recent developments in culture technology for PSC expansion and differentiation.
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Christaki EE, Politou M, Antonelou M, Athanasopoulos A, Simantirakis E, Seghatchian J, Vassilopoulos G. Ex vivo generation of transfusable red blood cells from various stem cell sources: A concise revisit of where we are now. Transfus Apher Sci 2019; 58:108-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lee E, Sivalingam J, Lim ZR, Chia G, Shi LG, Roberts M, Loh YH, Reuveny S, Oh SKW. Review: In vitro generation of red blood cells for transfusion medicine: Progress, prospects and challenges. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2118-2128. [PMID: 30273713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In vitro generation of red blood cells (RBCs) has the potential to circumvent the shortfalls in global demand for blood for transfusion applications. The conventional approach for RBC generation has been from differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from cord blood, adult bone marrow or peripheral blood. More recently, RBCs have been generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) as well as from immortalized adult erythroid progenitors. In this review, we highlight the recent advances to RBC generation from these different approaches and discuss the challenges and new strategies that can potentially make large-scale in vitro generation of RBCs a feasible approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmond Lee
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Jaichandran Sivalingam
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Zhong Ri Lim
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Gloryn Chia
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Low Gin Shi
- Brilliant Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore 139955, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mackenna Roberts
- Oxford-University College London Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Steve Kah-Weng Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore
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Levinson Y, Beri RG, Holderness K, Ben-Nun IF, Shi Y, Abraham E. Bespoke cell therapy manufacturing platforms. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Sivalingam J, Chen HY, Yang BX, Lim ZR, Lam ATL, Woo TL, Chen AKL, Reuveny S, Loh YH, Oh SKW. Improved erythroid differentiation of multiple human pluripotent stem cell lines in microcarrier culture by modulation of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling. Haematologica 2018. [PMID: 29519863 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.180919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaichandran Sivalingam
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hong Yu Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bin-Xia Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhong Ri Lim
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Republic of Singapore
| | - Alan Tin Lun Lam
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tsung Liang Woo
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Republic of Singapore
| | - Allen Kuan-Liang Chen
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Steve Kah-Weng Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Republic of Singapore
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Burks H, Pashos N, Martin E, Mclachlan J, Bunnell B, Burow M. Endocrine disruptors and the tumor microenvironment: A new paradigm in breast cancer biology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 457:13-19. [PMID: 28012841 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in women and is characterized by predominantly estrogen dependent growth. Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) have estrogenic properties which have been shown to increase breast cancer risk. While the direct effects of EDCs on breast cancer cell biology and tumor progression have been well studied, the roles for EDCs on tumor microenvironment composition, signaling and structure are incompletely defined. Estrogen targeting of tumor stromal cells can drive paracrine signaling to breast cancer cells regulating tumorigenesis and progression. Additionally, estrogen and estrogen receptor signaling has been shown to alter breast architecture and extracellular matrix component synthesis. Unsurprisingly, EDCs have been shown to induce structural changes in the mammary gland as well as increased collagen fibers in the tissue stroma. Previous work demonstrates that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are essential components of the tumor microenvironment and are direct targets of both estrogens and EDCs. Furthermore, estrogen-stem cell cross talk has been implicated in breast cancer progression and results in increased tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion. This review aims to dissect the possible relationship and mechanisms between EDCs, the tumor microenvironment, and breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Burks
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nicholas Pashos
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Martin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - John Mclachlan
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bruce Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Liu Z, Feng Q, Sun P, Lu Y, Yang M, Zhang X, Jin X, Li Y, Lu SJ, Quan C. Genome-wide DNA methylation drives human embryonic stem cell erythropoiesis by remodeling gene expression dynamics. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1543-1558. [PMID: 29135282 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of DNA methylation during erythrocyte production by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). METHODS We employed an erythroid differentiation model from hESCs, and then tracked the genome-wide DNA methylation maps and gene expression patterns through an Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip and an Ilumina Human HT-12 v4 Expression Beadchip, respectively. RESULTS A negative correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression was substantially enriched during the later differentiation stage and was present in both the promoter and the gene body. Moreover, erythropoietic genes with differentially methylated CpG sites that were primarily enriched in nonisland regions were upregulated, and demethylation of their gene bodies was associated with the presence of enhancers and DNase I hypersensitive sites. Finally, the components of JAK-STAT-NF-κB signaling were DNA hypomethylated and upregulated, which targets the key genes for erythropoiesis. CONCLUSION Erythroid lineage commitment by hESCs requires genome-wide DNA methylation modifications to remodel gene expression dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Affiliated with Qingdao University, 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Vcanbio Center for Translational Biotechnology, 21 Strathmore Road, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Pengpeng Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Center Medical Group, Affiliated with Qingdao University, 127 Siliunan Road, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Minlan Yang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital of Zibo, Affiliated with Shandong University, 54 Gongqingtuan Road, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangshu Jin
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shi-Jiang Lu
- Vcanbio Center for Translational Biotechnology, 21 Strathmore Road, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Chengshi Quan
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
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13
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Li Y, Li L, Chen ZN, Gao G, Yao R, Sun W. Engineering-derived approaches for iPSC preparation, expansion, differentiation and applications. Biofabrication 2017; 9:032001. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa7e9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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McKee C, Chaudhry GR. Advances and challenges in stem cell culture. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:62-77. [PMID: 28780462 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) hold great promise for cell therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine as well as pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. They have the capacity to self-renew and the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types depending upon their source of isolation. However, use of SCs for clinical applications requires a high quality and quantity of cells. This necessitates large-scale expansion of SCs followed by efficient and homogeneous differentiation into functional derivatives. Traditional methods for maintenance and expansion of cells rely on two-dimensional (2-D) culturing techniques using plastic culture plates and xenogenic media. These methods provide limited expansion and cells tend to lose clonal and differentiation capacity upon long-term passaging. Recently, new approaches for the expansion of SCs have emphasized three-dimensional (3-D) cell growth to mimic the in vivo environment. This review provides a comprehensive compendium of recent advancements in culturing SCs using 2-D and 3-D techniques involving spheroids, biomaterials, and bioreactors. In addition, potential challenges to achieve billion-fold expansion of cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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15
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Samuel R, Duda DG, Fukumura D, Jain RK. Vascular diseases await translation of blood vessels engineered from stem cells. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:309rv6. [PMID: 26468328 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) might pave the way toward a long-sought solution for obtaining sufficient numbers of autologous cells for tissue engineering. Several methods exist for generating endothelial cells or perivascular cells from hiPSCs in vitro for use in the building of vascular tissue. We discuss current developments in the generation of vascular progenitor cells from hiPSCs and the assessment of their functional capacity in vivo, opportunities and challenges for the clinical translation of engineered vascular tissue, and modeling of vascular diseases using hiPSC-derived vascular progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Samuel
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dan G Duda
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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16
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Sivalingam J, Lam ATL, Chen HY, Yang BX, Chen AKL, Reuveny S, Loh YH, Oh SKW. Superior Red Blood Cell Generation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Through a Novel Microcarrier-Based Embryoid Body Platform. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:765-80. [PMID: 27392822 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro generation of red blood cells (RBCs) from human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells appears to be a promising alternate approach to circumvent shortages in donor-derived blood supplies for clinical applications. Conventional methods for hematopoietic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) rely on embryoid body (EB) formation and/or coculture with xenogeneic cell lines. However, most current methods for hPSC expansion and EB formation are not amenable for scale-up to levels required for large-scale RBC generation. Moreover, differentiation methods that rely on xenogenic cell lines would face obstacles for future clinical translation. In this study, we report the development of a serum-free and chemically defined microcarrier-based suspension culture platform for scalable hPSC expansion and EB formation. Improved survival and better quality EBs generated with the microcarrier-based method resulted in significantly improved mesoderm induction and, when combined with hematopoietic differentiation, resulted in at least a 6-fold improvement in hematopoietic precursor expansion, potentially culminating in a 80-fold improvement in the yield of RBC generation compared to a conventional EB-based differentiation method. In addition, we report efficient terminal maturation and generation of mature enucleated RBCs using a coculture system that comprised primary human mesenchymal stromal cells. The microcarrier-based platform could prove to be an appealing strategy for future scale-up of hPSC culture, EB generation, and large-scale generation of RBCs under defined and xeno-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaichandran Sivalingam
- 1 Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute , Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Alan Tin-Lun Lam
- 1 Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute , Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hong Yu Chen
- 2 Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology , Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bin Xia Yang
- 2 Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology , Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Allen Kuan-Liang Chen
- 1 Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute , Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- 1 Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute , Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- 2 Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology , Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore .,3 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Steve Kah-Weng Oh
- 1 Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute , Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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17
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Microcarrier-based platforms for in vitro expansion and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells in bioreactor culture systems. J Biotechnol 2016; 234:71-82. [PMID: 27480342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) have attracted a great attention as an unlimited source of cells for cell therapies and other in vitro biomedical applications such as drug screening, toxicology assays and disease modeling. The implementation of scalable culture platforms for the large-scale production of hPSC and their derivatives is mandatory to fulfill the requirement of obtaining large numbers of cells for these applications. Microcarrier technology has been emerging as an effective approach for the large scale ex vivo hPSC expansion and differentiation. This review presents recent achievements in hPSC microcarrier-based culture systems and discusses the crucial aspects that influence the performance of these culture platforms. Recent progress includes addressing chemically-defined culture conditions for manufacturing of hPSC and their derivatives, with the development of xeno-free media and microcarrier coatings to meet good manufacturing practice (GMP) quality requirements. Finally, examples of integrated platforms including hPSC expansion and directed differentiation to specific lineages are also presented in this review.
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18
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Savchenkova IP, Alekseyenkova SV, Yurov KP. [Mouse embryonic stem cells - a new cellular system for studying the equine infectious anemia virus in vitro and in vivo]. Vopr Virusol 2016; 61:107-111. [PMID: 36494943 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2016-61-3-107-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of the pathogenesis and insufficient knowledge about the slow retroviral infections, which include equine infectious anemia, necessitates finding an adequate laboratory model for the study of the infection process and immunogenesis to create means of prevention and treatment of diseases. Data about strains and cellular tropism of the virus are discussed. It was shown that mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCS) exhibited unique properties and characteristics. In contrast to fibroblasts and other cell types, these cells can be considered as a new cell system for studying EIAV in vitro and in vivo. Under differentiation-inducing conditions they are able to reproduce in vitro embryogenesis cells and form cells of three germ layers. Differentiation of mouse ESCs in the direction of hematopoiesis could contribute new knowledge and understanding of viral tropism EIAV in vitro. ESC can be returned back to the early pre-implantation embryo. Once in the germ cell environment, they participate in the formation of tissues and organs of the developing fetus. Thus, the adaptation of the mouse ESC to the equine EIAV through genetic transformation makes it possible to get closer to the creation of a laboratory model for the study of the in vivo immune response in the lentiviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Savchenkova
- Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary
| | - S V Alekseyenkova
- Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary
| | - K P Yurov
- Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary
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19
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Rafiq QA, Coopman K, Nienow AW, Hewitt CJ. Systematic microcarrier screening and agitated culture conditions improves human mesenchymal stem cell yield in bioreactors. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:473-86. [PMID: 26632496 PMCID: PMC4991290 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Production of human mesenchymal stem cells for allogeneic cell therapies requires scalable, cost-effective manufacturing processes. Microcarriers enable the culture of anchorage-dependent cells in stirred-tank bioreactors. However, no robust, transferable methodology for microcarrier selection exists, with studies providing little or no reason explaining why a microcarrier was employed. We systematically evaluated 13 microcarriers for human bone marrow-derived MSC (hBM-MSCs) expansion from three donors to establish a reproducible and transferable methodology for microcarrier selection. Monolayer studies demonstrated input cell line variability with respect to growth kinetics and metabolite flux. HBM-MSC1 underwent more cumulative population doublings over three passages in comparison to hBM-MSC2 and hBM-MSC3. In 100 mL spinner flasks, agitated conditions were significantly better than static conditions, irrespective of donor, and relative microcarrier performance was identical where the same microcarriers outperformed others with respect to growth kinetics and metabolite flux. Relative growth kinetics between donor cells on the microcarriers were the same as the monolayer study. Plastic microcarriers were selected as the optimal microcarrier for hBM-MSC expansion. HBM-MSCs were successfully harvested and characterised, demonstrating hBM-MSC immunophenotype and differentiation capacity. This approach provides a systematic method for microcarrier selection, and the findings identify potentially significant bioprocessing implications for microcarrier-based allogeneic cell therapy manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim A Rafiq
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.,Wolfson School of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.,Aston Medical Research Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Coopman
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Alvin W Nienow
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Hewitt
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom. .,Aston Medical Research Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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20
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Integrated processes for expansion and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells in suspended microcarriers cultures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 473:764-8. [PMID: 26385176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) expansion and differentiation can be limited in scalability and costly (due to their labor intensive nature). This can limit their use in cell therapy, drug screening and toxicity assays. One of the approaches that can overcome these limitations is microcarrier (MC) based cultures in which cells are expanded as cell/MC aggregates and then directly differentiated as embryoid bodies (EBs) in the same agitated reactor. This integrated process can be scaled up and eliminate the need for some culture manipulation used in common monolayer and EBs cultures. This review describes the principles of such microcarriers based integrated hPSC expansion and differentiation process, and parameters that can affect its efficiency (such as MC type and extracellular matrix proteins coatings, cell/MC aggregates size, and agitation). Finally examples of integrated process for generation cardiomyocytes (CM) and neural progenitor cells (NPC) as well as challenges to be solved are described.
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21
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Jenkins MJ, Farid SS. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived products: advances towards robust, scalable and cost-effective manufacturing strategies. Biotechnol J 2014; 10:83-95. [PMID: 25524780 PMCID: PMC4674985 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to develop cost-effective, scalable and robust bioprocesses for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) will be key to their commercial success as cell therapies and tools for use in drug screening and disease modelling studies. This review outlines key process economic drivers for hPSCs and progress made on improving the economic and operational feasibility of hPSC bioprocesses. Factors influencing key cost metrics, namely capital investment and cost of goods, for hPSCs are discussed. Step efficiencies particularly for differentiation, media requirements and technology choice are amongst the key process economic drivers identified for hPSCs. Progress made to address these cost drivers in hPSC bioprocessing strategies is discussed. These include improving expansion and differentiation yields in planar and bioreactor technologies, the development of xeno-free media and microcarrier coatings, identification of optimal bioprocess operating conditions to control cell fate and the development of directed differentiation protocols that reduce reliance on expensive morphogens such as growth factors and small molecules. These approaches offer methods to further optimise hPSC bioprocessing in terms of its commercial feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Jenkins
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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22
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Feng Q, Shabrani N, Thon JN, Huo H, Thiel A, Machlus KR, Kim K, Brooks J, Li F, Luo C, Kimbrel EA, Wang J, Kim KS, Italiano J, Cho J, Lu SJ, Lanza R. Scalable generation of universal platelets from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:817-31. [PMID: 25418726 PMCID: PMC4235139 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a potentially replenishable source for the production of transfusable platelets. Here, we describe a method to generate megakaryocytes (MKs) and functional platelets from iPSCs in a scalable manner under serum/feeder-free conditions. The method also permits the cryopreservation of MK progenitors, enabling a rapid “surge” capacity when large numbers of platelets are needed. Ultrastructural/morphological analyses show no major differences between iPSC platelets and human blood platelets. iPSC platelets form aggregates, lamellipodia, and filopodia after activation and circulate in macrophage-depleted animals and incorporate into developing mouse thrombi in a manner identical to human platelets. By knocking out the β2-microglobulin gene, we have generated platelets that are negative for the major histocompatibility antigens. The scalable generation of HLA-ABC-negative platelets from a renewable cell source represents an important step toward generating universal platelets for transfusion as well as a potential strategy for the management of platelet refractoriness. Large-scale production of platelets from human iPSCs under defined conditions iPSC platelets are functional both in vivo and in vitro Knockout of β2-microglobulin gene in iPSCs generates universal platelets
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Advanced Cell Technology, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
| | - Namrata Shabrani
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jonathan N Thon
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hongguang Huo
- Advanced Cell Technology, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
| | - Austin Thiel
- Advanced Cell Technology, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
| | - Kellie R Machlus
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kyungho Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Julie Brooks
- Advanced Cell Technology, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Advanced Cell Technology, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
| | - Chenmei Luo
- Advanced Cell Technology, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
| | | | - Jiwu Wang
- Allele Biotechnology, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- MacLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Joseph Italiano
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jaehyung Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shi-Jiang Lu
- Advanced Cell Technology, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
| | - Robert Lanza
- Advanced Cell Technology, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA.
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23
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Li Y, Liu M, Yang ST. Dendritic cells derived from pluripotent stem cells: Potential of large scale production. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:1-10. [PMID: 24567783 PMCID: PMC3927009 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, are promising sources for hematopoietic cells due to their unlimited growth capacity and the pluripotency. Dendritic cells (DCs), the unique immune cells in the hematopoietic system, can be loaded with tumor specific antigen and used as vaccine for cancer immunotherapy. While autologous DCs from peripheral blood are limited in cell number, hPSC-derived DCs provide a novel alternative cell source which has the potential for large scale production. This review summarizes recent advances in differentiating hPSCs to DCs through the intermediate stage of hematopoietic stem cells. Step-wise growth factor induction has been used to derive DCs from hPSCs either in suspension culture of embryoid bodies (EBs) or in co-culture with stromal cells. To fulfill the clinical potential of the DCs derived from hPSCs, the bioprocess needs to be scaled up to produce a large number of cells economically under tight quality control. This requires the development of novel bioreactor systems combining guided EB-based differentiation with engineered culture environment. Hence, recent progress in using bioreactors for hPSC lineage-specific differentiation is reviewed. In particular, the potential scale up strategies for the multistage DC differentiation and the effect of shear stress on hPSC differentiation in bioreactors are discussed in detail.
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24
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Sart S, Agathos SN, Li Y. Engineering stem cell fate with biochemical and biomechanical properties of microcarriers. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:1354-66. [PMID: 24124017 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microcarriers have been widely used for various biotechnology applications because of their high scale-up potential, high reproducibility in regulating cellular behavior, and well-documented compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). Recently, microcarriers have been emerging as a novel approach for stem cell expansion and differentiation, enabling potential scale-up of stem cell-derived products in large bioreactors. This review summarizes recent advances of using microcarriers in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and pluripotent stem cell (PSC) cultures. From the reported data, efficient expansion and differentiation of stem cells on microcarriers rely on their ability to modulate cell shape (i.e. round or spreading) and cell organization (i.e. aggregate size). Nonetheless, current screening of microcarriers remains empirical, and accurate understanding of how stem cells interact with microcarriers still remains unknown. This review suggests that accurate characterization of biochemical and biomechanical properties of microcarriers is required to fully exploit their potential in regulating stem cell fate decision. Due to the variety of microcarriers, such detailed analyses should lead to the rational design of application-specific microcarriers, enabling the exploitation of reproducible effects for large scale biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
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