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Abe M, Hasegawa T, Hongo H, Yamamoto T, Shi Y, Cui J, Liu X, Yao Q, Ishizu H, Maruoka H, Yoshino H, Haraguchi-Kitakamae M, Shimizu T, Amizuka N. Immunohistochemical and Morphometric Assessment on the Biological Function and Vascular Endothelial Cells in the Initial Process of Cortical Porosity in Mice With PTH Administration. J Histochem Cytochem 2024; 72:309-327. [PMID: 38725403 PMCID: PMC11107436 DOI: 10.1369/00221554241247883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
To clarify the cellular mechanism of cortical porosity induced by intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration, we examined the femoral cortical bone of mice that received 40 µg/kg/day (four times a day) human PTH (hPTH) (1-34). The PTH-driven cortical porosity initiated from the metaphyseal region and chronologically expanded toward the diaphysis. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive osteoblasts in the control mice covered the cortical surface, and endomucin-positive blood vessels were distant from these osteoblasts. In PTH-administered mice, endomucin-reactive blood vessels with TRAP-positive penetrated the ALP-positive osteoblast layer, invading the cortical bone. Statistically, the distance between endomucin-positive blood vessels and the cortical bone surface abated after PTH administration. Transmission electron microscopic observation demonstrated that vascular endothelial cells often pass through the flattened osteoblast layer and accompanied osteoclasts in the deep region of the cortical bone. The cell layers covering mature osteoblasts thickened with PTH administration and exhibited ALP, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Within these cell layers, osteoclasts were found near endomucin-reactive blood vessels. In PTH-administered femora, osteocytes secreted Dkk1, a Wnt inhibitor that affects angiogenesis, and blood vessels exhibited plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein, an angiogenic molecule. In summary, endomucin-positive blood vessels, when accompanied by osteoclasts in the ALP/αSMA/VCAM1/RANKL-reactive osteoblastic cell layers, invade the cortical bone, potentially due to the action of osteocyte-derived molecules such as DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Abe
- Ultrastructure of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Ultrastructure of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine
| | - Hiromi Hongo
- Ultrastructure of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Ultrastructure of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine
- Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, and Department of Dentistry, Japan Ground Self-Defense Force Camp Shinmachi, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Yan Shi
- Ultrastructure of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine
| | - Jiaxin Cui
- Ultrastructure of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine
| | - Xuanyu Liu
- Ultrastructure of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine
| | - Qi Yao
- Ultrastructure of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine
| | - Hotaka Ishizu
- Ultrastructure of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Haruhi Maruoka
- Ultrastructure of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine
| | - Hirona Yoshino
- Ultrastructure of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine
| | - Mai Haraguchi-Kitakamae
- Ultrastructure of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine
| | | | - Norio Amizuka
- Ultrastructure of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine
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Perrone S, Caporilli C, Grassi F, Ferrocino M, Biagi E, Dell’Orto V, Beretta V, Petrolini C, Gambini L, Street ME, Dall’Asta A, Ghi T, Esposito S. Prenatal and Neonatal Bone Health: Updated Review on Early Identification of Newborns at High Risk for Osteopenia. Nutrients 2023; 15:3515. [PMID: 37630705 PMCID: PMC10459154 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone health starts with maternal health and nutrition, which influences bone mass and density already in utero. The mechanisms underlying the effect of the intrauterine environment on bone health are partly unknown but certainly include the 'foetal programming' of oxidative stress and endocrine systems, which influence later skeletal growth and development. With this narrative review, we describe the current evidence for identifying patients with risk factors for developing osteopenia, today's management of these populations, and screening and prevention programs based on gestational age, weight, and morbidity. Challenges for bone health prevention include the need for new technologies that are specific and applicable to pregnant women, the foetus, and, later, the newborn. Radiofrequency ultrasound spectrometry (REMS) has proven to be a useful tool in the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) in pregnant women. Few studies have reported that transmission ultrasound can also be used to assess BMD in newborns. The advantages of this technology in the foetus and newborn are the absence of ionising radiation, ease of use, and, above all, the possibility of performing longitudinal studies from intrauterine to extrauterine life. The use of these technologies already in the intrauterine period could help prevent associated diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteopenia, which are characterised by a reduction in bone mass and degeneration of bone structure and lead to an increased risk of fractures in adulthood with considerable social repercussions for the related direct and indirect costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafina Perrone
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.D.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Chiara Caporilli
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.C.); (F.G.); (M.F.); (E.B.); (M.E.S.); (S.E.)
| | - Federica Grassi
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.C.); (F.G.); (M.F.); (E.B.); (M.E.S.); (S.E.)
| | - Mandy Ferrocino
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.C.); (F.G.); (M.F.); (E.B.); (M.E.S.); (S.E.)
| | - Eleonora Biagi
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.C.); (F.G.); (M.F.); (E.B.); (M.E.S.); (S.E.)
| | - Valentina Dell’Orto
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.D.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Virginia Beretta
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.D.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Chiara Petrolini
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.D.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Lucia Gambini
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.D.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.C.); (F.G.); (M.F.); (E.B.); (M.E.S.); (S.E.)
| | - Andrea Dall’Asta
- Obstetric and Gynecology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.D.); (T.G.)
| | - Tullio Ghi
- Obstetric and Gynecology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.D.); (T.G.)
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.C.); (F.G.); (M.F.); (E.B.); (M.E.S.); (S.E.)
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Mae T, Hasegawa T, Hongo H, Yamamoto T, Zhao S, Li M, Yamazaki Y, Amizuka N. Immunolocalization of Enzymes/Membrane Transporters Related to Bone Mineralization in the Metaphyses of the Long Bones of Parathyroid-Hormone-Administered Mice. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1179. [PMID: 37374382 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to demonstrate the immunolocalization and/or gene expressions of the enzymes and membrane transporters involved in bone mineralization after the intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The study especially focused on TNALP, ENPP1, and PHOSPHO1, which are involved in matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization, as well as PHEX and the SIBLING family, which regulate mineralization deep inside bone. Six-week-old male mice were subcutaneously injected with 20 μg/kg/day of human PTH (1-34) two times per day (n = 6) or four times per day (n = 6) for two weeks. Additionally, control mice (n = 6) received a vehicle. Consistently with an increase in the volume of the femoral trabeculae, the mineral appositional rate increased after PTH administration. The areas positive for PHOSPHO1, TNALP, and ENPP1 in the femoral metaphyses expanded, and the gene expressions assessed by real-time PCR were elevated in PTH-administered specimens when compared with the findings in control specimens. The immunoreactivity and/or gene expressions of PHEX and the SIBLING family (MEPE, osteopontin, and DMP1) significantly increased after PTH administration. For example, MEPE immunoreactivity was evident in some osteocytes in PTH-administered specimens but was hardly observed in control specimens. In contrast, mRNA encoding cathepsin B was significantly reduced. Therefore, the bone matrix deep inside might be further mineralized by PHEX/SIBLING family after PTH administration. In summary, it is likely that PTH accelerates mineralization to maintain a balance with elevated matrix synthesis, presumably by mediating TNALP/ENPP1 cooperation and stimulating PHEX/SIBLING family expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Mae
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hongo
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Northern Army Medical Unit, Camp Makomanai, Japan Ground Self-Defense Forces, Sapporo 005-8543, Japan
| | - Shen Zhao
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Minqi Li
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yutaka Yamazaki
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
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Miyamoto Y, Hasegawa T, Hongo H, Yamamoto T, Haraguchi-Kitakamae M, Abe M, Maruoka H, Ishizu H, Shimizu T, Sasano Y, Udagawa N, Li M, Amizuka N. Histochemical assessment of osteoclast-like giant cells in Rankl -/- mice. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:175-185. [PMID: 37088151 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined mice with gene deletion of Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (Rank) ligand (Rankl) to histologically clarify whether they contained progenitor cells committed to osteoclastic differentiation up to the stage requiring RANK/RANKL signaling. METHODS The tibiae and femora of ten-week-old male wild-type, c-fos-/-, and Rankl-/- mice were used for immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS In Rankl-/- mice, we observed osteoclast-like giant cells, albeit in low numbers, with single or two nuclei, engulfing the mineralized extracellular matrix. TEM revealed that these giant cells contained large numbers of mitochondria, vesicles/vacuoles, and clear zone-like structures but no ruffled borders. They often engulfed fragmented bony/cartilaginous components of the extracellular matrix that had been degraded. Additionally, osteoclast-like giant cells exhibited immunoreactivity for vacuolar H+-ATPase, galectin-3, and siglec-15 but not for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, cathepsin K, or MMP-9, all of which are classical hallmarks of osteoclasts. Furthermore, osteoclast-like giant cells were ephrinB2-positive as they were near EphB4-positive osteoblasts that are also positive for alkaline phosphatase and Runx2 in Rankl-/- mice. Unlike Rankl-/- mice, c-fos-/- mice lacking osteoclast progenitors and mature osteoclasts had no ephrinB2-positive osteoclast-like cells or alkaline phosphatase-positive/Runx2-reactive osteoblasts. This suggests that similar to authentic osteoclasts, osteoclast-like giant cells might have the potential to activate osteoblasts in Rankl-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS It seems plausible that osteoclast-like giant cells may have acquired some osteoclastic traits and the ability to resorb mineralized matrices even when the absence of RANK/RANKL signaling halted the osteoclastic differentiation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukina Miyamoto
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Hongo
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Northern Army Medical Unit, Camp Makomanai, Japan Ground Self-Defense Forces, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mai Haraguchi-Kitakamae
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miki Abe
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruhi Maruoka
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hotaka Ishizu
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shimizu
- Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasano
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Minqi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, The School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Muneyama T, Hasegawa T, Yamamoto T, Hongo H, Haraguchi-Kitakamae M, Abe M, Maruoka H, Ishizu H, Shimizu T, Sasano Y, Li M, Amizuka N. Histochemical assessment on osteoclasts in long bones of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) deficient mice. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:163-174. [PMID: 37088152 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), recognizes a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans, and lipopeptides, and is generally believed to be present in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and vascular endothelial cells. However, no histological examination of osteoclasts, which differentiate from precursors common to macrophages/monocytes, has been performed in a non-infected state of TLR2 deficiency. The objective of this study was to examine the histological properties and function of osteoclasts in the long bones of 8-week-old male TLR2 deficient (TLR2-/-) mice to gain insight into TLR2 function in biological circumstances without microbial infection. METHODS Eight-week-old male wild-type and TLR2-/- mice were fixed with paraformaldehyde solution, and their tibiae and femora were used for micro-CT analysis, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS TLR2-/- tibiae and femora exhibited increased bone volume of metaphyseal trabeculae and elevated numbers of TRAP-positive osteoclasts. However, the number of multinucleated TRAP-positive osteoclasts was reduced, whereas mononuclear TRAP-positive cells increased, despite the high expression levels of Dc-Stamp and Oc-Stamp. Although TRAP-positive multinucleated and mononuclear osteoclasts showed the immunoreactivity and elevated expression of RANK and siglec-15, they revealed weak cathepsin K-positivity and less incorporation of the mineralized bone matrix, and often missing ruffled borders. It seemed likely that, despite the increased numbers, TLR2-/- osteoclasts reduced cell fusion and bone resorption activity. CONCLUSION It seems likely that even without bacterial infection, TLR2 might participate in cell fusion and subsequent bone resorption of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Muneyama
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Northern Army Medical Unit, Camp Makomanai, Japan Ground Self-Defense Forces, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hongo
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mai Haraguchi-Kitakamae
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miki Abe
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruhi Maruoka
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hotaka Ishizu
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shimizu
- Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasano
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Minqi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, The School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Concentration-Dependent Efficacy of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Using a HA/β-TCP Hydrogel Carrier in a Mini-Pig Vertebral Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010892. [PMID: 36614335 PMCID: PMC9821164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is used in the treatment of degenerative spinal disease and vertebral fractures, spine fusion, dental surgery, and facial surgery. However, high doses are associated with side effects such as inflammation and osteophytes. In this study, we performed spinal fusion surgery on mini-pigs using BMP-2 and a HA/β-TCP hydrogel carrier, and evaluated the degree of fusion and osteophyte growth according to time and dosage. Increasing the dose of BMP-2 led to a significantly higher fusion rate than was observed in the control group, and there was no significant difference between the 8-week and 16-week samples. We also found that the HA + β-TCP hydrogel combination helped maintain the rate of BMP-2 release. In conclusion, the BMP-2-loaded HA/β-TCP hydrogel carrier used in this study overcame the drawback of potentially causing side effects when used at high concentrations by enabling the sustained release of BMP-2. This method is also highly efficient, since it provides mineral matter to accelerate the fusion rate of the spine and improve bone quality.
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Effects of vitamin B12 in culture medium for calcified nodule formation by rat dental pulp cells. J Dent Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Moritani Y, Hasegawa T, Yamamoto T, Hongo H, Yimin, Abe M, Yoshino H, Nakanishi K, Maruoka H, Ishizu H, Shimizu T, Takahata M, Iwasaki N, Li M, Tei K, Ohiro Y, Amizuka N. Histochemical assessment of accelerated bone remodeling and reduced mineralization in Il-6 deficient mice. J Oral Biosci 2022; 64:410-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Jain SK, McLean WE, Stevens CM, Dhawan R. The Positive Association of Plasma Levels of Vitamin C and Inverse Association of VCAM-1 and Total Adiponectin with Bone Mineral Density in Subjects with Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193893. [PMID: 36235544 PMCID: PMC9570817 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Context. Population studies have shown a trend in decreasing vitamin C status and increasing prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with diabetes and non-diabetic people. Dietary vitamin C consumption is linked to improvement in bone mineral density (BMD) in epidemiological studies. VCAM-1 and adiponectin are known to activate osteoclasts, which increase bone loss. Aim: This study examined whether there is any association between the circulating level of vitamin C and BMD and whether the beneficial effect of vitamin C on BMD was linked to a simultaneous decrease in circulating levels of adiponectin and VCAM-1 in subjects with diabetes. Methods: Patients with diabetes (T2D, n = 74) and age-matched non-diabetic controls (n = 26) were enrolled in this study. Fasting blood levels of glycemia, adiponectin, VCAM-1, inflammation biomarkers, and vitamin C were determined in both groups. The BMD of the lumbar spine (L1–L4), left femur, and right femur was determined using a DXA scan in subjects with diabetes. Results: Patients with diabetes had lower levels of vitamin C and higher levels of VCAM-1 and inflammatory cytokines. There was a significant positive association between vitamin C blood levels and lumbar spine BMD as well as a significant negative association between total adiponectin and VCAM-1 levels with that of vitamin C and lumbar BMD in patients with diabetes. Total adiponectin and VCAM-1 also showed a negative association with BMD of both the right and left femurs. The inter-relationship among the circulating levels of vitamin C and VCAM-1 and BMD was strong and is a novel finding. Conclusions: This study reports a positive association of circulating vitamin C levels and the BMD and that the beneficial effects of vitamin C on BMD could be linked to a simultaneous lowering in circulating VCAM-1 and total adiponectin levels. Thus, dietary vitamin C consumption has potential to lower inflammation and the risk of osteoporosis in subjects with diabetes.
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Hasegawa T, Hongo H, Yamamoto T, Abe M, Yoshino H, Haraguchi-Kitakamae M, Ishizu H, Shimizu T, Iwasaki N, Amizuka N. Matrix Vesicle-Mediated Mineralization and Osteocytic Regulation of Bone Mineralization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179941. [PMID: 36077336 PMCID: PMC9456179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mineralization entails two mineralization phases: primary and secondary mineralization. Primary mineralization is achieved when matrix vesicles are secreted by osteoblasts, and thereafter, bone mineral density gradually increases during secondary mineralization. Nearby extracellular phosphate ions (PO43−) flow into the vesicles via membrane transporters and enzymes located on the vesicles’ membranes, while calcium ions (Ca2+), abundant in the tissue fluid, are also transported into the vesicles. The accumulation of Ca2+ and PO43− in the matrix vesicles induces crystal nucleation and growth. The calcium phosphate crystals grow radially within the vesicle, penetrate the vesicle’s membrane, and continue to grow outside the vesicle, ultimately forming mineralized nodules. The mineralized nodules then attach to collagen fibrils, mineralizing them from the contact sites (i.e., collagen mineralization). Afterward, the bone mineral density gradually increases during the secondary mineralization process. The mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unclear, but osteocytes may play a key role; it is assumed that osteocytes enable the transport of Ca2+ and PO43− through the canaliculi of the osteocyte network, as well as regulate the mineralization of the surrounding bone matrix via the Phex/SIBLINGs axis. Thus, bone mineralization is biologically regulated by osteoblasts and osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Hasegawa
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (N.A.); Tel.: +81-11-706-4226 (T.H.); +81-11-706-4223 (N.A.)
| | - Hiromi Hongo
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Northern Army Medical Unit, Camp Makomanai, Japan Ground Self-Defense Forces, Sapporo 005-8543, Japan
| | - Miki Abe
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hirona Yoshino
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Mai Haraguchi-Kitakamae
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hotaka Ishizu
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shimizu
- Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (N.A.); Tel.: +81-11-706-4226 (T.H.); +81-11-706-4223 (N.A.)
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11
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Tsuda E, Fukuda C, Okada A, Karibe T, Hiruma Y, Takagi N, Isumi Y, Yamamoto T, Hasegawa T, Uehara S, Koide M, Udagawa N, Amizuka N, Kumakura S. Characterization, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of anti-Siglec-15 antibody and its potency for treating osteoporosis and as follow-up treatment after parathyroid hormone use. Bone 2022; 155:116241. [PMID: 34715394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have established the idea that Siglec-15 is involved in osteoclast differentiation and/or function, and it is anticipated that therapies suppressing Siglec-15 function can be used to treat bone diseases such as osteoporosis. We have produced rat monoclonal anti-Siglec-15 antibody (32A1) and successively generated humanized monoclonal anti-Siglec-15 antibody (DS-1501a) from 32A1. Studies on the biological properties of DS-1501a showed its specific binding affinity to Siglec-15 and strong activity to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. 32A1 inhibited multinucleation of osteoclasts and bone resorption (pit formation) in cultured mouse bone marrow cells. 32A1 also inhibited pit formation in cultured human osteoclast precursor cells. Maximum serum concentration and serum exposure of DS-1501a in rats were increased in a dose-dependent manner after single subcutaneous or intravenous administration. Furthermore, single administration of DS-1501a significantly suppressed bone resorption markers with minimal effects on bone formation markers and suppressed the decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In histological analysis, the osteoclasts distant from the chondro-osseous junction of the tibia tended to be flattened, shrunken, and functionally impaired in 32A1-treated rats, while alkaline phosphatase-positive osteoblasts were observed throughout the metaphyseal trabeculae. In addition, we compared the efficacy of 32A1 with that of alendronate (ALN) as follow-up medicine after treatment with parathyroid hormone (PTH) using mature established osteoporosis rats. The beneficial effect of PTH on bone turnover disappeared 8 weeks after discontinuing the treatment. The administration of 32A1 once every 4 weeks for 8 weeks suppressed bone resorption and bone formation when the treatment was switched from PTH to 32A1, leading to the maintenance of BMD and bone strength. Unlike with ALN, the onset of suppression of bone resorption with 32A1 was rapid, while the suppression of bone formation was mild. The improvement of bone mass, beneficial bone turnover balance, and suppression of osteoclast differentiation/multinucleation achieved by 32A1 were supported by histomorphometry. Notably, the effects of 32A1 on bone strength, not only structural (extrinsic) but also material (intrinsic) properties, were significantly greater than those of ALN. Since the effect of 32A1 on BMD was moderate, its effect on bone strength could not be fully explained by the increase in BMD. The beneficial balance of bone turnover caused by 32A1 might, at least in part, be responsible for the improvement in bone quality. This is the first report describing the effects of anti-Siglec-15 antibody in OVX rats; the findings suggest that this antibody could be an excellent candidate for treating osteoporosis, especially in continuation therapy after PTH treatment, due to its rapid action and unprecedented beneficial effects on bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Tsuda
- Specialty Medicine Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Chie Fukuda
- Specialty Medicine Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
| | - Akiko Okada
- Biological Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Karibe
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Hiruma
- Pharmacovigilance Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 3-5-1 Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8426, Japan
| | - Nana Takagi
- Pharmacovigilance Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 3-5-1 Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8426, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isumi
- Oncology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Nishi 7 Chome, Kita 13 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Nishi 7 Chome, Kita 13 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Uehara
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
| | - Masanori Koide
- Division of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan; Division of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Nishi 7 Chome, Kita 13 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kumakura
- Translational Medicine Function, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
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12
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Nagai T, Hasegawa T, Yimin, Yamamoto T, Hongo H, Abe M, Yoshida T, Yokoyama A, de Freitas PHL, Li M, Yokoyama A, Amizuka N. Immunocytochemical assessment of cell differentiation of podoplanin-positive osteoblasts into osteocytes in murine bone. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 155:369-380. [PMID: 33175185 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the immunolocalization of podoplanin/E11, CD44, actin filaments, and phosphorylated ezrin in the osteoblasts on the verge of differentiating into osteocytes in murine femora and tibiae. When observing under stimulated emission depletion microscopy, unlike podoplanin-negative osteoblasts, podoplanin-positive osteoblasts showed a rearranged assembly of actin filaments along the cell membranes which resembled that of embedded osteocytes. In the metaphysis, i.e., the bone remodeling site, CD44-bearing osteoclasts were either proximal to or in contact with podoplanin-positive osteoblasts, but the podoplanin-positive osteoblasts also localized CD44 on their own cell surface. These podoplanin-positive osteoblasts, which either possessed CD44 on their cell surface or were close to CD44-bearing osteoclasts, showed phosphorylated ezrin-positivity on the cell membranes. Therefore, the CD44/podoplanin interaction on the cell surface may be involved in the osteoblastic differentiation into osteocytes in the metaphyses, via the mediation of podoplanin-driven ezrin phosphorylation and the subsequent reorganized assembly of actin filaments. Consistently, the protein expression of phosphorylated ezrin was increased after CD44 administration in calvarial culture. Conversely, in modeling sites such as the cortical bones, podoplanin-positive osteoblasts were uniformly localized at certain intervals even without contact with CD44-positive bone marrow cells; furthermore, they also exhibited phosphorylated ezrin immunoreactivity along their cell membranes. Taken together, it seems likely that the CD44/podoplanin interaction is involved in osteoblastic differentiation into osteocytes in the bone remodeling area but not in modeling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nagai
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan.,Oral Functional Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan.
| | - Yimin
- Central Research Institute, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Department of Dentistry, Camp Asaka, Japan Ground Self-Defense Force, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hongo
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Miki Abe
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Taiji Yoshida
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Ayako Yokoyama
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan.,Gerodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Minqi Li
- Division of Basic Science of Stomatology, The School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Atsuro Yokoyama
- Oral Functional Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
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13
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Hongo H, Hasegawa T, Saito M, Tsuboi K, Yamamoto T, Sasaki M, Abe M, Henrique Luiz de Freitas P, Yurimoto H, Udagawa N, Li M, Amizuka N. Osteocytic Osteolysis in PTH-treated Wild-type and Rankl-/- Mice Examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Isotope Microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:651-668. [PMID: 32942927 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420961375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To demonstrate the ultrastructure of osteocytic osteolysis and clarify whether osteocytic osteolysis occurs independently of osteoclastic activities, we examined osteocytes and their lacunae in the femora and tibiae of 11-week-old male wild-type and Rankl-/- mice after injection of human parathyroid hormone (PTH) [1-34] (80 µg/kg/dose). Serum calcium concentration rose temporarily 1 hr after PTH administration in wild-type and Rankl-/- mice, when renal arteries and veins were ligated. After 6 hr, enlargement of osteocytic lacunae was evident in the cortical bones of wild-type and Rankl-/- mice, but not so in their metaphyses. Von Kossa staining and transmission electron microscopy showed broadly demineralized bone matrix peripheral to enlarged osteocytic lacunae, which contained fragmented collagen fibrils and islets of mineralized matrices. Nano-indentation by atomic force microscopy revealed the reduced elastic modulus of the PTH-treated osteocytic perilacunar matrix, despite the microscopic verification of mineralized matrix in that region. In addition, 44Ca deposition was detected by isotope microscopy and calcein labeling in the eroded osteocytic lacunae of wild-type and Rankl-/- mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that osteocytes can erode the bone matrix around them and deposit minerals on their lacunar walls independently of osteoclastic activity, at least in the murine cortical bone. (J Histochem Cytochem 68: -XXX, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Hongo
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masami Saito
- Bruker Japan K.K., Nano Surfaces & Metrology Division, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Tsuboi
- Dental Surgery, Haibara General Hospital, Makinohara, Japan
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Department of Dentistry, Japan Ground Self Defense Force Camp Asaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneteru Sasaki
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Miki Abe
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Isotope Imaging Laboratory, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Minqi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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14
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Hasegawa T, Miyamoto-Takasaki Y, Abe M, Qiu Z, Yamamoto T, Yoshida T, Yoshino H, Hongo H, Yokoyama A, Sasaki M, Kuroshima S, Hara K, Kobayashi M, Akiyama Y, Maeda T, Luiz de Freitas PH, Li M, Amizuka N. Histochemical examination on principal collagen fibers in periodontal ligaments of ascorbic acid-deficient ODS-od/od rats. Microscopy (Oxf) 2019; 68:349-358. [PMID: 31271212 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of ascorbic acid in collagen synthesis in periodontal ligaments using osteogenic disorder Shionogi (ODS)/ShiJcl-od/od rats lacking L-gulonolactone oxidase. These rats cannot synthesize ascorbic acid in vivo. Eight-week-old ODS/ShiJcl-od/od male rats were administered ascorbic acid solution at a concentration of 200 mg/dL (control group, n = 6) or ascorbic acid solution at concentration of 0.3 mg/dL (insufficient group, n = 12). Six rats of the insufficient group were then given with ascorbic acid solution at concentration of 200 mg/dL for additional 3 weeks (rescued group, n = 6), and then, their mandibles were histochemically examined. Consequently, the insufficient group specimens were seen to possess fewer collagen fibers, and silver impregnation revealed numerous fine, reticular fiber-like fibrils branching off from collagen in the periodontal ligaments. In control group, faint immunoreactivities for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and cathepsin H were seen in the periphery of blood vessels and throughout the ligament, respectively. In contrast, in the insufficient group, intense MMP2-immunoreactivity was observed to be associated with collagen fibrils in the periodontal ligaments, and cathepsin H-immunopositivity was seen in ligamentous cells. The rescued group showed abundant collagen fibers filling the periodontal ligament space. Under transmission electron microscopy, ligamentous fibroblasts incorporated collagen fibrils into tubular endosomes/lysosomes while simultaneously synthesizing collagen fibril bundles. Thus, ascorbic acid insufficiency affected the immunolocalization of cathepsin H and MMP2; however, ligamentous fibroblasts appear to possess the potential to synthesize collagen fibers when supplied with ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Hasegawa
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Japan
| | - Yukina Miyamoto-Takasaki
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Japan
| | - Miki Abe
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Japan
| | - Zixuan Qiu
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Japan
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Section of Dentistry, Japan Ground Self-Defense Forces Camp Asaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiji Yoshida
- School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Japan
| | - Hirona Yoshino
- School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Japan
| | - Hiromi Hongo
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Japan
| | - Ayako Yokoyama
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Japan.,Gerodontology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Japan
| | - Muneteru Sasaki
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kuroshima
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kuniko Hara
- Pharmacological Evaluation Section, Eisai, Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Akiyama
- Pharmacological Evaluation Section, Eisai, Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Minqi Li
- Division of Basic Science of Stomatology, The School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Japan
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15
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KHADIZA N, HASEGAWA T, NAGAI T, YAMAMOTO T, MIYAMOTO- TAKASAKI Y, HONGO H, ABE M, HARAGUCHI M, YAMAMOTO T, YIMIN, QIU Z, SASAKI M, KUROSHIMA S, OHSHIMA H, FREITAS PHLD, LI M, YAWAKA Y, AMIZUKA N. Immunolocalization of podoplanin/E11/gp38, CD44, and endomucin in the odontoblastic cell layer of murine tooth germs. Biomed Res 2019; 40:133-143. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.40.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naznin KHADIZA
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue
- Dentistry for Children and Disabled Person
| | | | - Tomoya NAGAI
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue
- Oral Functional Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | | | | | | | - Miki ABE
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue
- Oral Functional Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | | | | | - YIMIN
- Central Research Institute, Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Muneteru SASAKI
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Shinichiro KUROSHIMA
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Hayato OHSHIMA
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University
| | | | - Minqi LI
- Division of Basic Science of Stomatology, The School of Stomatology, Shandong University
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16
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Miyakoshi N, Fujii M, Kasukawa Y, Shimada Y. Impact of vitamin C on teriparatide treatment in the improvement of bone mineral density, strength, and quality in vitamin C-deficient rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:411-418. [PMID: 30014298 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-018-0941-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related decreases in serum levels of vitamin C (VC) may negatively affect the efficacy of anti-osteoporotic pharmacotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of VC and teriparatide (TPTD) on bone mineral density (BMD), strength, and quality in VC-deficient osteogenic disorder Shionogi (ODS) rats. Six-month-old female ODS rats were divided into an untreated ODS control group, a VC group, a TPTD group, and a VC + TPTD group, based on the administration of VC and TPTD (n = 10 each). VC was given as 2.0 mg/ml supplemented water. TPTD was administered subcutaneously once a week at 30 µg/kg body weight. After 12 weeks of treatment, BMDs of the femur and lumbar spine, bone strengths of the femoral diaphysis and metaphysis, and cancellous bone quality of proximal tibiae as estimated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were compared between groups. Compared to the ODS control group, the VC group showed significantly higher total femoral BMD, but the TPTD group showed significantly higher femoral and lumbar spinal BMD, maximum load of femoral metaphysis, and hydroxyapatite (HA) crystallinity by FTIR (p < 0.05). In addition to the increases shown in the TPTD group, the VC + TPTD group also showed significantly higher stiffness of the femoral diaphysis and breaking energy of the femoral metaphysis compared to the ODS control group (p < 0.05). These results indicated that TPTD alone increased cancellous/cortical BMD and cancellous bone strength with improvement of HA crystallinity in ODS rats, but addition of VC supplementation further improved cortical bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Masashi Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yuji Kasukawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shimada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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17
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Hasegawa T, Yamamoto T, Sakai S, Miyamoto Y, Hongo H, Qiu Z, Abe M, Takeda S, Oda K, de Freitas PHL, Li M, Endo K, Amizuka N. Histological Effects of the Combined Administration of Eldecalcitol and a Parathyroid Hormone in the Metaphyseal Trabeculae of Ovariectomized Rats. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 67:169-184. [PMID: 30311820 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418806865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent administration of human parathyroid hormone (1-34) (hPTH(1-34)) promotes anabolic action in bone by stimulating bone remodeling, while eldecalcitol, an analog of active vitamin D3, suppresses osteoclastic bone resorption, and forms new bone by minimodeling. We have examined the biological effects of combined administration of eldecalcitol and hPTH(1-34) on 9-week-old Wistar rats that underwent an ovariectomy (OVX) or Sham operation. They were divided into a Sham group, OVX with vehicle (OVX group), OVX with 10 µg/kg/day of hPTH(1-34) (PTH group), OVX with 20 ng/kg/day of eldecalcitol (eldecalcitol group) or OVX with 10 μg/kg/day of hPTH(1-34), and 20 ng/kg/day of eldecalcitol (combined group) for 4 or 8 weeks. As a consequence, the combined group showed a marked increase in bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular number (Tb.N) than OVX and had the highest bone mineral density (BMD) compared with other groups. OVX and PTH groups exhibited a high osteoblastic surface/bone surface (Ob.S/BS), mineral apposition rate (MAR), and bone formation rate/bone surface (BFR/BS) indices and many TRAP-reactive osteoclasts. Contrastingly, eldecalcitol and combined groups tended to attenuate the indices of osteoclastic surface/bone surface (Oc.S/BS) and Ob.S/BS than that the other groups. The combined group revealed histological profiles of minimodeling- and remodeling-based bone formation. Thus, the combined administration of eldecalcitol and hPTH(1-34) augments their anabolic effects by means of minimodeling and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Hasegawa
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Dentistry, Japan Self Defense Force Hanshin Hospital, Kawanishi, Japan
| | | | - Yukina Miyamoto
- Department of Dentistry, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hongo
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zixuan Qiu
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miki Abe
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Minqi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, The School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Koichi Endo
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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18
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Hasegawa T, Yamamoto T, Hongo H, Qiu Z, Abe M, Kanesaki T, Tanaka K, Endo T, de Freitas PHL, Li M, Amizuka N. Three-dimensional ultrastructure of osteocytes assessed by focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 149:423-432. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Ultrastructure and biological function of matrix vesicles in bone mineralization. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 149:289-304. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Elste V, Troesch B, Eggersdorfer M, Weber P. Emerging Evidence on Neutrophil Motility Supporting Its Usefulness to Define Vitamin C Intake Requirements. Nutrients 2017; 9:E503. [PMID: 28509882 PMCID: PMC5452233 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing intake recommendations for vitamin C remains a challenge, as no suitable functional parameter has yet been agreed upon. In this report, we review the emerging evidence on neutrophil motility as a possible marker of vitamin C requirements and put the results in perspective with other approaches. A recent in vitro study showed that adequate levels of vitamin C were needed for this function to work optimally when measured as chemotaxis and chemokinesis. In a human study, neutrophil motility was optimal at intakes ≥250 mg/day. Interestingly, a Cochrane review showed a significant reduction in the duration of episodes of common cold with regular vitamin C intakes in a similar range. Additionally, it was shown that at a plasma level of 75 µmol/L, which is reached with vitamin C intakes ≥200 mg/day, incidences of cardiovascular disease were lowest. This evidence would suggest that daily intakes of 200 mg vitamin C might be advisable for the general adult population, which can be achieved by means of a diverse diet. However, additional studies are warranted to investigate the usefulness of neutrophil motility as a marker of vitamin C requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Elste
- DSM Nutritional Products AG, Human Nutrition and Health, P.O. 3255, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Barbara Troesch
- DSM Nutritional Products AG, Human Nutrition and Health, P.O. 3255, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- DSM Nutritional Products AG, Human Nutrition and Health, P.O. 3255, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Weber
- DSM Nutritional Products AG, Human Nutrition and Health, P.O. 3255, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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21
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Hasegawa T, Endo T, Tsuchiya E, Kudo A, Shen Z, Moritani Y, Abe M, Yamamoto T, Hongo H, Tsuboi K, Yoshida T, Nagai T, Khadiza N, Yokoyama A, Luiz de Freitas PH, Li M, Amizuka N. Biological application of focus ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) to the imaging of cartilaginous fibrils and osteoblastic cytoplasmic processes. J Oral Biosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Hasegawa T, Yamamoto T, Tsuchiya E, Hongo H, Tsuboi K, Kudo A, Abe M, Yoshida T, Nagai T, Khadiza N, Yokoyama A, Oda K, Ozawa H, de Freitas PHL, Li M, Amizuka N. Ultrastructural and biochemical aspects of matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2016; 53:34-45. [PMID: 28479934 PMCID: PMC5405202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization is an orchestrated sequence of ultrastructural and biochemical events that lead to crystal nucleation and growth. The influx of phosphate ions into the matrix vesicle is mediated by several proteins such as TNAP, ENPP1, Pit1, annexin and so forth. The catalytic activity of ENPP1 generates pyrophosphate (PPi) using extracellular ATPs as a substrate, and the resultant PPi prevents crystal overgrowth. However, TNAP hydrolyzes PPi into phosphate ion monomers, which are then transported into the matrix vesicle through Pit1. Accumulation of Ca2+ and PO43− inside matrix vesicles then induces crystalline nucleation, with calcium phosphate crystals budding off radially, puncturing the matrix vesicle’s membrane and finally growing out of it to form mineralized nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Hasegawa
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Erika Tsuchiya
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hongo
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanako Tsuboi
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ai Kudo
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miki Abe
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taiji Yoshida
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nagai
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Oral Functional Prothodontics, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naznin Khadiza
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Dentistry for Children and Disabled Person, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayako Yokoyama
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kimimitsu Oda
- Division of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Ozawa
- Institute for Oral Science, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | | | - Minqi Li
- Division of Basic Science of Stomatology, The School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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23
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Segawa T, Miyakoshi N, Kasukawa Y, Aonuma H, Tsuchie H, Shimada Y. Combined treatment with minodronate and vitamin C increases bone mineral density and strength in vitamin C-deficient rats. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2016; 2:30-37. [PMID: 30775465 PMCID: PMC6372727 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Reduced bone quality caused by vitamin C deficiency in older persons may lead to incidental fragility fractures during bisphosphonate treatment, although bisphosphonate increases bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of minodronate and ascorbic acid (Aa) on BMD, bone quality, and bone strength in Aa-deficient osteogenic disorder Shionogi (ODS) rats. Methods Six-month-old ODS rats were divided into four groups (n = 20 per group): (1) Aa supplementation (Aa+); (2) Aa-deficient (Aa−); (3) Aa supplementation and minodronate administration (Aa+ + Mino); and (4) Aa-deficient and minodronate administration (Aa− + Mino). BMD, bone strength, bone histomorphometry, and bone quality determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy imaging (FTIRI) were evaluated after 4 and 8 weeks. Results BMD was significantly higher in the Aa+ + Mino group than in the Aa− group (p < 0.05). Bone strength was significantly higher in the Aa+ and Aa+ + Mino groups than in the Aa− group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, bone strength was significantly higher in the Aa+ + Mino group than in the Aa− + Mino group (p < 0.05). Minodronate treatment irrespective of Aa supplementation significantly decreased bone resorption compared with the Aa+ and Aa− groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences in the parameters evaluated by FTIRI were observed between the groups. Conclusions Aa supplementation improved bone strength in ODS rats. Combined treatment with minodronate and Aa, but not minodronate alone, improved bone strength and increased BMD. Aa is required for bone health because it is essential for osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyohito Segawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yuji Kasukawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aonuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shimada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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24
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Azuma K, Shiba S, Hasegawa T, Ikeda K, Urano T, Horie-Inoue K, Ouchi Y, Amizuka N, Inoue S. Osteoblast-Specific γ-Glutamyl Carboxylase-Deficient Mice Display Enhanced Bone Formation With Aberrant Mineralization. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1245-54. [PMID: 25600070 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that is necessary for blood coagulation. In addition, it has bone-protective effects. Vitamin K functions as a cofactor of γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX), which activates its substrates by carboxylation. These substrates are found throughout the body and examples include hepatic blood coagulation factors. Furthermore, vitamin K functions as a ligand of the nuclear receptor known as steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) and its murine ortholog, pregnane X receptor (PXR). We have previously reported on the bone-protective role of SXR/PXR signaling by demonstrating that systemic Pxr-knockout mice displayed osteopenia. Because systemic Ggcx-knockout mice die shortly after birth from severe hemorrhage, the GGCX-mediated effect of vitamin K on bone metabolism has been difficult to evaluate. In this work, we utilized Ggcx-floxed mice to generate osteoblast-specific GGCX-deficient (Ggcx(Δobl/Δobl)) mice by crossing them with Col1-Cre mice. The bone mineral density (BMD) of Ggcx(Δobl/Δobl) mice was significantly higher than that of control Col1-Cre (Ggcx(+/+)) mice. Histomorphometrical analysis of trabecular bones in the proximal tibia showed increased osteoid volume and a higher rate of bone formation in Ggcx(Δobl/Δobl) mice. Histomorphometrical analysis of cortical bones revealed a thicker cortical width and a higher rate of bone formation in Ggcx(Δobl/Δobl) mice. Electron microscopic examination revealed disassembly of mineralized nodules and aberrant calcification of collagen fibers in Ggcx(Δobl/Δobl) mice. The mechanical properties of bones from Ggcx(Δobl/Δobl) mice tended to be stronger than those from control Ggcx(+/+) mice. These results suggest that GGCX in osteoblasts functions to prevent abnormal mineralization in bone formation, although this function may not be a prerequisite for the bone-protective effect of vitamin K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Azuma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Shiba
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Urano
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniko Horie-Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Ouchi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Is there a role for vitamin C in preventing osteoporosis and fractures? A review of the potential underlying mechanisms and current epidemiological evidence. Nutr Res Rev 2014; 27:268-83. [PMID: 25412684 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422414000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and related fractures are a major global health issue, but there are few preventative strategies. Previously reported associations between higher intakes of fruits and vegetables and skeletal health have been suggested to be partly attributable to vitamin C. To date, there is some evidence for a potential role of vitamin C in osteoporosis and fracture prevention but an overall consensus of published studies has not yet been drawn. The present review aims to provide a summary of the proposed underlying mechanisms of vitamin C on bone and reviews the current evidence in the literature, examining a potential link between vitamin C intake and status with osteoporosis and fractures. The Bradford Hill criteria were used to assess reported associations. Recent animal studies have provided insights into the involvement of vitamin C in osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis, and its role as a mediator of bone matrix deposition, affecting both the quantity and quality of bone collagen. Observational studies have provided some evidence for this in the general population, showing positive associations between dietary vitamin C intake and supplements and higher bone mineral density or reduced fracture risk. However, previous intervention studies were not sufficiently well designed to evaluate these associations. Epidemiological data are particularly limited for vitamin C status and for fracture risk and good-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm previous epidemiological findings. The present review also highlights that associations between vitamin C and bone health may be non-linear and further research is needed to ascertain optimal intakes for osteoporosis and fracture prevention.
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26
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γ-Glutamyl carboxylase in osteoblasts regulates glucose metabolism in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:350-5. [PMID: 25264202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin K-dependent γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamic acid to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in substrate proteins. Among GGCX target proteins, recent evidence indicates that osteocalcin regulates insulin sensitivity and secretion. However, the precise contribution of GGCX to glucose metabolism remains to be clarified. To address this question, we generated osteoblast-specific Ggcx-deficient (i.e., conditional knockout [cKO]) mice using collagen type 1 α1 (Col1)-Cre mice. Ggcx cKO mice exhibited altered metabolism compared with their controls; serum glucose levels could be maintained with low amounts of insulin, and the weight of white adipose tissue (WAT) significantly decreased in Ggcx cKO mice. Our findings suggest that GGCX expressed in osteoblasts is critical for the maintenance of blood glucose and WAT.
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27
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Kim W, Bae S, Kim H, Kim Y, Choi J, Lim SY, Lee HJ, Lee J, Choi J, Jang M, Lee KE, Chung SG, Hwang YI, Kang JS, Lee WJ. Ascorbic acid insufficiency induces the severe defect on bone formation via the down-regulation of osteocalcin production. Anat Cell Biol 2013; 46:254-61. [PMID: 24386598 PMCID: PMC3875843 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2013.46.4.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase gene (Gulo) encodes an essential enzyme in the synthesis of ascorbic acid from glucose. On the basis of previous findings of bone abnormalities in Gulo-/- mice under conditions of ascorbic acid insufficiency, we investigated the effect of ascorbic acid insufficiency on factors related to bone metabolism in Gulo-/- mice. Four groups of mice were raised for 4 weeks under differing conditions of ascorbic acid insufficiency, namely, wild type; ascorbic acid-sufficient Gulo-/- mice, 3-week ascorbic acid-insufficient Gulo-/- mice, and 4-week ascorbic acid-insufficient Gulo-/- mice. Four weeks of ascorbic acid insufficiency resulted in significant weight loss in Gulo-/- mice. Interestingly, average plasma osteocalcin levels were significantly decreased in Gulo-/- mice after 3 weeks of ascorbic acid insufficiency. In addition, the tibia weight in ascorbic acid-sufficient Gulo-/- mice was significantly higher than that in the other three groups. Moreover, significant decreases in trabecular bone volume near to the growth plate, as well as in trabecular bone attachment to the growth plate, were evident in 3- or 4-week ascorbic acid-insufficient Gulo-/-. In summary, ascorbic acid insufficiency in Gulo-/- mice results in severe defects in normal bone formation, which are closely related to a decrease in plasma osteocalcin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kim
- Labratory of Vitamin C and Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seyeon Bae
- Labratory of Vitamin C and Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Labratory of Vitamin C and Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Labratory of Vitamin C and Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Labratory of Vitamin C and Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Lim
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Hei Jin Lee
- Labratory of Vitamin C and Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyuk Lee
- Labratory of Vitamin C and Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyea Choi
- Labratory of Vitamin C and Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mirim Jang
- Labratory of Vitamin C and Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Eun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun G Chung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Il Hwang
- Labratory of Vitamin C and Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Labratory of Vitamin C and Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wang Jae Lee
- Labratory of Vitamin C and Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Guo Y, Li M, Zhusheng L, Yamada T, Sasaki M, Hasegawa T, Hongo H, Tabata C, Suzuki R, Oda K, Yamamoto T, Kawanami M, Amizuka N. Immunolocalization of sclerostin synthesized by osteocytes in relation to bone remodeling in the interradicular septa of ovariectomized rats. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 2012; 61:309-20. [PMID: 22802488 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfs052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at elucidating whether estrogen deficiency would affect the synthesis of an osteocyte-derived factor, sclerostin, in the mesial region of alveolar bone. Eight 9-week-old Wistar female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and eight other rats were Sham-operated (Sham). After 4 weeks, the interradicular septa of mandibular first molar were embedded in paraffin and then histochemically examined. Sclerostin-positive osteocytes were located in the superficial layer of the mesial region of Sham bones, whereas the OVX mesial region showed less sclerostin-reactive osteocytes. There was no significant difference in the distribution of estrogen receptor α and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridinetriphosphate nick end-labeling -positive cells in the groups studied. The Sham mesial region featured many osteoclasts, and OVX specimens showed numerous osteoclasts in association with intense immunolabeling of the receptor activator of the nuclear factor kB ligand. Contrary to the observations in Sham specimens, a complex meshwork of cement lines was seen in the OVX mesial region, accompanied by an irregularly distributed osteocytic lacunar-canalicular system. In conclusion, estrogen deficiency appears to inhibit osteocyte-derived sclerostin synthesis in the mesial region of the interradicular septum, in a process that seems to be mediated by accelerated bone remodeling rather than by direct effects on osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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